scholarly journals A Multi-Site Collaboration of Hostile Priming Effects-In-Principle Acceptance version

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy J. McCarthy ◽  
Will M Gervais ◽  
Michael Magee ◽  
muriel kosaka
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
Critical Test ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Academic Publications

In 1979, Srull and Wyer reported a study where a brief exposure to hostile stimuli caused participants to subsequently rate an individual as being more hostile. Srull and Wyer (1979) went on to be one of the most influential studies in social cognition: It has been cited in over 1,000 academic publications, the “Donald” vignette has been used in dozens of subsequent studies, and the results served as a foundation for subsequent priming studies that extended priming effects beyond the domain of social judgments (e.g., e.g., Bargh, Chen, & Burrows, 1996; Dijksterhuis & van Knippenberg, 1998). However, a Registered Replication Report (RRR; McCarthy et al., 2018) that contained 26 independent samples and several thousand participants did not find the predicted effect and cast doubt on whether the methods reported by Srull and Wyer would reliably produce a hostile priming effect. However, the RRR deviated from the original methods in a few ways and some criticisms of the methods were raised after the publication of the RRR. The current proposed study is intended to address these criticisms and provide a critical test of whether Srull and Wyer-esque methods can reliably produce a hostile priming effect. The current study will involve several labs who each collect an independent sample of data. Each lab will conduct a close replication of Srull and Wyer (1979) and each lab will pretest stimuli so they can conduct a conceptual replication of Srull and Wyer (1979) using stimuli that are developed specifically for their locally-available participants. Collectively, this study will test the replicability of Srull and Wyer-esque methods to produce a hostile priming effect.

Masked Translation Priming Effects With Highly Proficient Simultaneous Bilinguals

2010 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon Andoni Duñabeitia ◽  
Manuel Perea ◽  
Manuel Carreiras
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Decision ◽  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Masked Priming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Memory Organization ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Bilingual Memory ◽  
Translation Priming ◽  
Masked Translation Priming

One essential issue for models of bilingual memory organization is to what degree the representation from one of the languages is shared with the other language. In this study, we examine whether there is a symmetrical translation priming effect with highly proficient, simultaneous bilinguals. We conducted a masked priming lexical decision experiment with cognate and noncognate translation equivalents. Results showed a significant masked translation priming effect for both cognates and noncognates, with a greater priming effect for cognates. Furthermore, the magnitude of the translation priming was similar in the two directions. Thus, highly fluent bilinguals do develop symmetrical between-language links, as predicted by the Revised Hierarchical model and the BIA+ model. We examine the implications of these results for models of bilingual memory.

What Does It Take to Activate Stereotypes? Simple Primes Don’t Seem Enough

2014 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Müller ◽  
Klaus Rothermund
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Semantic Priming ◽  
Response Priming ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Stereotype Activation

According to social cognition textbooks, stereotypes are activated automatically if appropriate categorical cues are processed. Although many studies have tested effects of activated stereotypes on behavior, few have tested the process of stereotype activation. Blair and Banaji (1996) demonstrated that subjects were faster to categorize first names as male or female if those were preceded by gender congruent attribute primes. The same, albeit smaller, effects emerged in a semantic priming design ruling out response priming by Banaji and Hardin (1996) . We sought to replicate these important effects. Mirroring Blair and Banaji (1996) we found strong priming effects as long as response priming was possible. However, unlike Banaji and Hardin (1996) , we did not find any evidence for automatic stereotype activation, when response priming was ruled out. Our findings suggest that automatic stereotype activation is not a reliable and global phenomenon but is restricted to more specific conditions.

Age-related priming effects in social judgments.

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas M. Hess ◽  
Karen A. McGee ◽  
Stephen M. Woodburn ◽  
Cheryl A. Bolstad
Keyword(s):  
Social Judgments ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Age Related

scholarly journals Experimental Design and the Reliability of Priming Effects: Reconsidering the "Train Wreck"

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M Rivers ◽  
Jeff Sherman
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Experimental Designs ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Within Subjects

Failures to replicate high-profile priming effects have raised questions about the reliability of priming phenomena. Studies at the discussion’s center, labeled “social priming,” have been interpreted as a specific indictment of priming that is social in nature. However, “social priming” differs from other priming effects in multiple ways. The present research examines one important difference: whether effects have been demonstrated with within- or between-subjects experimental designs. To examine the significance of this feature, we assess the reliability of four well-known priming effects from the cognitive and social psychological literatures using both between- and within-subjects designs and analyses. All four priming effects are reliable when tested using a within-subjects approach. In contrast, only one priming effect reaches that statistical threshold when using a between-subjects approach. This demonstration serves as a salient illustration of the underappreciated importance of experimental design for statistical power, generally, and for the reliability of priming effects, specifically.

The role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming

2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUNNAR JACOB ◽  
KALLIOPI KATSIKA ◽  
NEILOUFAR FAMILY ◽  
SHANLEY E. M. ALLEN
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Target Sentence ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Structural Priming ◽  
Tree Representation ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Hierarchical Tree ◽  
Constituent Order

In two cross-linguistic priming experiments with native German speakers of L2 English, we investigated the role of constituent order and level of embedding in cross-linguistic structural priming. In both experiments, significant priming effects emerged only if prime and target were similar with regard to constituent order and also situated on the same level of embedding. We discuss our results on the basis of two current theoretical accounts of cross-linguistic priming, and conclude that neither an account based on combinatorial nodes nor an account assuming that constituent order is directly responsible for the priming effect can fully explain our data pattern. We suggest an account that explains cross-linguistic priming through a hierarchical tree representation. This representation is computed during processing of the prime, and can influence the formulation of a target sentence only when the structural features specified in it are grammatically correct in the target sentence.

Psycholinguistic and corpus-linguistic evidence for L2 constructions

2009 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 163-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Th. Gries ◽  
Stefanie Wulff
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
Language Learners ◽  
Short Distance ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Corpus Linguistic ◽  
Foreign Language Learners ◽  
Linguistic Evidence ◽  
Acceptability Rating

In Construction Grammar, highly frequent syntactic configurations are assumed to be stored as symbolic units in the mental lexicon alongside words. Considering the example of gerund and infinitival complement constructions in English (She tried rocking the baby vs. She tried to rock the baby), this study combines corpus-linguistic and experimental evidence to investigate the question whether these patterns are also stored as constructions by German foreign language learners of English. In a corpus analysis based on 3,343 instances of the two constructions from the British component of the International Corpus of English, a distinctive collexeme analysis was computed to identify the verbs that distinguish best between the two constructions; these verbs were used as experimental stimuli in a sentence completion experiment and a sentence acceptability rating experiment. Two kinds of short-distance priming effects were investigated in the completion data: we checked how often subjects produced an ing-/to-/’other’-construction after having rated an ing- or to-construction (rating-to-production priming), and how often they produced an ing-/to-/’other’-construction when they had produced and ing- or to-construction in the directly preceding completion (production-to-production priming). Furthermore, we considered the proportion of to-completions before a completion in the questionnaire as a measure of a within-subject accumulative priming effect. We found no rating-to-production priming effects in the expected direction, but a weak effect in the opposite direction; short-distance production-to-production priming effects from ing to ing and from ‘other’ and to to to, and, on the whole at least, a suggestive accumulative production-to-production priming effect for both constructions. In the rating task, we found that subjects rate sentences better when the sentential structure is compatible with the main verb’s collexemic distinctiveness.

scholarly journals Abnormal Processing of Social Information from Faces in Autism

2001 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph Adolphs ◽  
Lonnie Sears ◽  
Joseph Piven
Keyword(s):  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Social Knowledge ◽  
Social Judgments ◽  
High Functioning ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
Socially Relevant ◽  
Underlying Processes

Autism has been thought to be characterized, in part, by dysfunction in emotional and social cognition, but the pathology of the underlying processes and their neural substrates remain poorly understood. Several studies have hypothesized that abnormal amygdala function may account for some of the impairments seen in autism, specifically, impaired recognition of socially relevant information from faces. We explored this issue in eight high-functioning subjects with autism in four experiments that assessed recognition of emotional and social information, primarily from faces. All tasks used were identical to those previously used in studies of subjects with bilateral amygdala damage, permitting direct comparisons. All subjects with autism made abnormal social judgments regarding the trustworthiness of faces; however, all were able to make normal social judgments from lexical stimuli, and all had a normal ability to perceptually discriminate the stimuli. Overall, these data from subjects with autism show some parallels to those from neurological subjects with focal amygdala damage. We suggest that amygdala dysfunction in autism might contribute to an impaired ability to link visual perception of socially relevant stimuli with retrieval of social knowledge and with elicitation of social behavior.

scholarly journals The Influence of Voice Leading on Harmonic Priming

2005 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 613-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bénédicte Poulin-Charronnat ◽  
Emmanuel Bigand ◽  
François Madurell
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
The Other ◽  
Voice Leading ◽  
Potential Influence ◽  
Fast Reaction ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Normal Voice ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Reaction Task

The present study investigates the potential influence of voice leading on harmonic priming effects. Eight-chord sequences were presented to the participants, who had to perform a fast reaction task on a target chord ending the sequences. The target chord acted either as a tonic chord or as a subdominant chord. On the basis of previous findings, we expected more accurate and faster responses on tonic target chords. The critical new point of this study was to assess whether the size of this priming effect would be affected by good versus bad voice leading. In half of the trials, the writing of the sequences respected the rules of voice leading (normal voice leading), whereas in the other half it did not (parallel voice leading). The critical result was a significant main effect of voice leading on participants� performances (with faster responses for normal voice leading), which did not, however, affect the strength of the harmonic priming effects.

scholarly journals El futuro se repite: priming effects in Spanish future expressions

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-18
Author(s):  
Luana Lamberti ◽  
Hugo Salgado
Keyword(s):  
Priming Effect ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Language Variation ◽  
Cognitive Factors ◽  
Language Variation And Change ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Important Addition ◽  
Periphrastic Future ◽  
Use Factors ◽  
Selection Of

Spanish shows variation between two future expressions. The synthetic future (SF) is marked morphologically while the periphrastic future (PF) is constructed with the verb ir ‘to go’ and an infinitive. Previous studies have described the semantic factors that determine the use of these expressions. The effects of priming in the selection of these expressions have yet to be addressed. Our results showed that a combination of factors contributes to the occurrence of the SF: priming effect; certainty; and verb frequency. We demonstrated that cognitive factors in combination with semantic ones should be taken into consideration when talking about the variation between the SF and the PF in Spanish. Our study also provides evidence for the fact that the obsolescing construction, the SF, will have a stronger priming effect in the larger process of language variation and change. Our work offers an important addition to the literature about the effects of persistence and entrenchment in language since we demonstrated that speakers are sensitive to contextual activation and language use factors.

Time and dose dependencies for priming effect of glucose on insulin secretion

1981 ◽  
Vol 240 (1) ◽  
pp. E24-E31 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Grill
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Priming Effect ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Priming Effects ◽  
Perfused Rat Pancreas ◽  
Rat Pancreas ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Effect Of Glucose

Short-term exposure to glucose increases insulin secretion during subsequent stimulation. This priming effect of glucose was further investigated in the perfused rat pancreas. A 5-min pulse of 27.7 mM glucose enhanced the response to a second pulse of the sugar after a 5- or 30-min period of 3.9 mM glucose. With a 10-min pulse of 27.7 mM glucose, the priming effect tended to persist also after a 60-min but not after a 90-min rest period. The priming effects of glucose were also evaluated from enhancement of stimulation 15 min later with 3-isobutyl-l-methylxanthine (IBMX). A 10-min pulse of 8.3 and 27.7, but not 5.6 mM glucose enhanced IBMX-induced insulin secretion. Cycloheximide did not abolish the priming effect of glucose on IBMX-induced insulin secretion. Conclusions are 1) priming is rapidly induced; 2) it persists longer than the time of induction; 3) threshold concentrations of glucose that induce priming are similar to those that initiate insulin secretions; and 4) mechanisms causing priming may not involve protein synthesis.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document