scholarly journals Processing of irony in text: A systematic review of eye tracking studies

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henri Olkoniemi ◽  
Johanna K. Kaakinen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Reading Processes

Theoretical models of irony comprehension pose different hypotheses about the time-course of resolving ironic interpretation of an utterance, and propose several context-, phrase- and reader-related factors that influence the ease or difficulty of processing irony. In recent years, these factors have been examined using eye tracking, which allows a detailed analysis of time-course of reading processes. In this paper, we present a meta-analysis of the eye tracking studies on irony, and then present a systematic review of the factors that have been shown to influence the time-course of irony processing. The review will point to future directions in how eye tracking could best be applied to further develop the current theoretical views.

scholarly journals Prognostic factors for chronic post-surgical pain after lung or pleural surgery: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. e051554
Author(s):  
Pascal Richard David Clephas ◽  
Sanne Elisabeth Hoeks ◽  
Marialena Trivella ◽  
Christian S Guay ◽  
Preet Mohinder Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Prognostic Factors ◽  
Prognostic Factor ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Surgical Pain ◽  
Literature Reviews ◽  
Chronic Post Surgical Pain

IntroductionChronic post-surgical pain (CPSP) after lung or pleural surgery is a common complication and associated with a decrease in quality of life, long-term use of pain medication and substantial economic costs. An abundant number of primary prognostic factor studies are published each year, but findings are often inconsistent, methods heterogeneous and the methodological quality questionable. Systematic reviews and meta-analyses are therefore needed to summarise the evidence.Methods and analysisThe reporting of this protocol adheres to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) checklist. We will include retrospective and prospective studies with a follow-up of at least 3 months reporting patient-related factors and surgery-related factors for any adult population. Randomised controlled trials will be included if they report on prognostic factors for CPSP after lung or pleural surgery. We will exclude case series, case reports, literature reviews, studies that do not report results for lung or pleural surgery separately and studies that modified the treatment or prognostic factor based on pain during the observation period. MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, CINAHL, Google Scholar and relevant literature reviews will be searched. Independent pairs of two reviewers will assess studies in two stages based on the PICOTS criteria. We will use the Quality in Prognostic Studies tool for the quality assessment and the CHARMS-PF checklist for the data extraction of the included studies. The analyses will all be conducted separately for each identified prognostic factor. We will analyse adjusted and unadjusted estimated measures separately. When possible, evidence will be summarised with a meta-analysis and otherwise narratively. We will quantify heterogeneity by calculating the Q and I2 statistics. The heterogeneity will be further explored with meta-regression and subgroup analyses based on clinical knowledge. The quality of the evidence obtained will be evaluated according to the Grades of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation guideline 28.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval will not be necessary, as all data are already in the public domain. Results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42021227888.

scholarly journals The Prevalence of Sexual and Gender Minority Youth in the Justice System: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 999-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa R. Jonnson ◽  
Brian M. Bird ◽  
Shanna M. Y. Li ◽  
Jodi L. Viljoen
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Sexual Minority ◽  
Minority Stress ◽  
Justice System ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Minority Youth ◽  
Gender Minority ◽  
Sexual And Gender Minority ◽  
And Gender

Theoretical models, such as the minority stress model, suggest that sexual and gender minority (SGM) youth may be overrepresented in the justice system. However, few studies have examined rates of SGM youth in the system, and even fewer have compared them with rates of these youth in the broader community. To obtain a more accurate estimate, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 31,258 youths and compared rates of SGM youth in the justice system with those in the community. Contrary to claims that SGM youth are overrepresented generally, this review suggests that sexual minority girls, specifically, are disproportionally involved in the justice system. Rates of involvement appeared to differ across ethnic subgroups of sexual minority youth, and evidence is inconclusive regarding the prevalence of gender minority youth in the system. Implications of these findings for researchers and justice system professionals are discussed.

scholarly journals Related factors of quality of life of type 2 diabetes patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiyue Jing ◽  
Jiageng Chen ◽  
Yanan Dong ◽  
Duolan Han ◽  
Haozuo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Diabetes Patients

scholarly journals Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: Eye-Tracking of Attention to Threat in Child and Adolescent Anxiety

2020 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-99.e1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Lisk ◽  
Ayesha Vaswani ◽  
Marian Linetzky ◽  
Yair Bar-Haim ◽  
Jennifer Y.F. Lau
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Eye Tracking ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Child And Adolescent ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety

scholarly journals Determination of the social related factors of suicide in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Milad Nazarzadeh ◽  
Zeinab Bidel ◽  
Erfan Ayubi ◽  
Khirollah Asadollahi ◽  
Kristin V Carson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
The Social

scholarly journals Preferred Place of Death in Adult Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armin Fereidouni ◽  
Maryam Rassouli ◽  
Mahmood Salesi ◽  
Hadis Ashrafizadeh ◽  
Amir Vahedian-Azimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Interval ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Place Of Death ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Relative Risks ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Quality Of Death

Background: Identifying the preferred place of death is a key indicator of the quality of death in cancer patients and one of the most important issues for health service policymakers. This study was done to determine the preferred place of death and the factors affecting it for adult patients with cancer.Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study four online databases (PubMed, Scopus, web of science, ProQuest) were searched by relevant keywords. Quality assessment of papers was conducted using Newcastle-Ottawa (NOS) criterion. Odds ratios, relative risks, and 95% confidence intervals were determined for each of the factors extracted from the investigations.Results: A total of 14,920 participants of 27 studies were included into the meta-analysis. Based on the results, 55% of cancer patients with a confidence interval [95% CI (41–49)] preferred home, 17% of patients with a confidence interval [95% CI (−12%) 23)] preferred hospital and 10% of patients with confidence interval [95% CI (13–18)] preferred hospices as their favored place to die. Effective factors were also reported in the form of demographic characteristics, disease-related factors and psychosocial factors.Conclusions: This study showed that more than half of cancer patients chose home as their preferred place of death. Therefore, guided policies need to ensure that the death of the patients in the preferred place should be considered with priority.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42020218680, identifier: CRD42020218680.

scholarly journals The critical role of infection prevention overlooked in Ethiopia, only one-half of health-care workers had safe practice: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biniyam Sahiledengle ◽  
Yohannes Tekalegn ◽  
Demelash Woldeyohannes
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Infection Prevention ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Infection Prevention And Control ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Safe Practice ◽  
Pooled Prevalence

AbstractBackgroundEffective infection prevention and control measures, such as such hand hygiene, the use of personal protective equipment, instrument processing, safe injection, and safe disposal of infectious wastes in the healthcare facilities maximize patient outcomes and are essential to providing effective, efficient, and quality health care services. In Ethiopia, findings regarding infection prevention practices among healthcare workers have been highly variable and uncertain. Therefore, this systematic review and meta-analysis estimate the pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practices and summarize the associated factors among healthcare workers in Ethiopia.MethodsPubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library were systematically searched. We included all observational studies reporting the prevalence of safe infection prevention practices among healthcare workers in Ethiopia. Two authors independently extracted all necessary data using a standardized data extraction format. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were employed. The Cochrane Q test statistics and I2 tests were used to assess the heterogeneity of the studies. A random-effects meta-analysis model was used to estimate the pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practice.ResultsOf the 187 articles identified through our search, 10 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled prevalence of safe infection prevention practice in Ethiopia was 52.2% (95%CI: 40.9-63.4). The highest prevalence of safe practice was observed in Addis Ababa (capital city) 66.2% (95%CI: 60.6-71.8), followed by Amhara region 54.6% (95%CI: 51.1-58.1), and then Oromia region 48.5% (95%CI: 24.2-72.8), and the least safe practices were reported from South Nation Nationalities and People (SNNP) and Tigray regions with a pooled prevalence of 39.4% (95%CI: 13.9-64.8). In our qualitative syntheses, healthcare workers socio-demographic factors (young age, female gender), behavioral-related factors (being knowledgeable and having a positive attitude towards infection prevention), and healthcare facility-related factors (presence of running water supply, availability of infection prevention guideline, and receiving training) were important variables associated with safe infection prevention practice.ConclusionsOnly half of the healthcare workers in Ethiopia practiced safe infection prevention. Furthermore, the study found out that there were regional and professional variations in the prevalence of safe infection prevention practices. Therefore, the need to step-up efforts to intensify the current national infection prevention and patient safety initiative as key policy direction is 41 strongly recommended, along with more attempts to increase healthcare worker’s adherence towards infection prevention guidelines.

The time course of psychotic symptom side effects of ketamine in the treatment of depressive disorders: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622096164
Author(s):  
Maryam Tashakkori ◽  
Andrew Ford ◽  
Milan Dragovic ◽  
Laura Gabriel ◽  
Flavie Waters
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Psychotic Symptom ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Positive Symptoms ◽  
Symptom Change ◽  
Repeated Measures Design

Objective: Ketamine is a potential rapid-acting treatment for depression. Studies have suggested that the side effects are minimal and temporary, but the psychotic symptom side effects have yet to be fully examined. This study investigated whether ketamine infusion in the treatment of mood disorders is associated with increases in positive symptoms and whether these symptom effects endure over time. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of ketamine in the treatment of depression. Embase and Medline databases were searched for studies including (a) participants with major affective disorders, (b) 0.4 or 0.5 mg intravenously administered ketamine, (c) measurement of positive symptoms using BPRS+, and (d) a within-subject repeated-measures design with participants serving as their own baseline. Results: Seventeen studies met the inclusion criteria, comprising 458 participants. The meta-analyses examined symptom change occurring within the first 4 h, after 1 day, and after 3 days. Results showed significant BPRS+ increases within the first 30–60 min in 72% of studies, followed by a return to baseline levels. Conclusion: Peak symptom change occurred within the first hour post infusion. There are limited data to determine if ketamine is safe in the longer term, but there were no indications that psychotic symptoms re-occurred after the first hour and in the days following administration.

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