scholarly journals ReSync: Correcting the trial-to-trial asynchrony of event-related brain potentials to improve neural response representation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guang Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Brain Research ◽  
Real Data ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Timing Errors ◽  
Latency Jitter ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
The Brain

For various reasons, the brain response activities in EEG signals are not perfectly synchronized from trial to trial with respect to event markers – a problem commonly referred to as ERP latency jitter. EEG experimental technologies have been greatly advanced to reduce technical timing errors so as to reduce the jitter. However, there are intrinsic sources of jitter that are difficult, if not impossible, to remove. The problem becomes more complicated when facing multiple sub-components with different jitter. The jitter issue renders trial-averaged ERP inaccurate at best and misleading at worst. Effectively correcting the jitter has profound significance in brain research. I present a simple method and easy-to-use toolbox ReSync for correcting ERP jitters based on signal processing theories and techniques. ReSync can be used to correct multiple overlapping ERP sub-components with different degrees of jitter without affecting each other (including the static one). The theories, principles, technical details, and limitations of ReSync were presented in this paper, along with a series of simulation and real data examples for evaluating and validating the method.

scholarly journals Children Processing Music: Electric Brain Responses Reveal Musical Competence and Gender Differences

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 683-693 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Koelsch ◽  
Tobias Grossmann ◽  
Thomas C. Gunter ◽  
Anja Hahne ◽  
Erich Schröger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Cognitive Representation ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Tonal Music ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Music And Language ◽  
Brain Responses ◽  
Process Music ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Brain

Numerous studies investigated physiological correlates of the processing of musical information in adults. How these correlates develop during childhood is poorly understood. In the present study, we measured event-related electric brain potentials elicited in 5and 9-year-old children while they listened to (major–minor tonal) music. Stimuli were chord sequences, infrequently containing harmonically inappropriate chords. Our results demonstrate that the degree of (in) appropriateness of the chords modified the brain responses in both groups according to music-theoretical principles. This suggests that already 5-year-old children process music according to a well-established cognitive representation of the major–minor tonal system and according to music-syntactic regularities. Moreover, we show that, in contrast to adults, an early negative brain response was left predominant in boys, whereas it was bilateral in girls, indicating a gender difference in children processing music, and revealing that children process music with a hemispheric weighting different from that of adults. Because children process, in contrast to adults, music in the same hemispheres as they process language, results indicate that children process music and language more similarly than adults. This finding might support the notion of a common origin of music and language in the human brain, and concurs with findings that demonstrate the importance of musical features of speech for the acquisition of language.

On the Language Specificity of the Brain Response to Syntactic Anomalies: Is the Syntactic Positive Shift a Member of the P300 Family?

1996 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 507-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Osterhout ◽  
Richard McKinnon ◽  
Michael Bersick ◽  
Vicka Corey
Keyword(s):  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Positive Shift ◽  
Scalp Distribution ◽  
Temporal Course ◽  
Grammatical Rule ◽  
Subject Noun ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Brain ◽  
And Task

Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 13 scalp electrodes while subjects read sentences, some of which contained either a verb that disagreed in number with the subject noun (syntactic anomaly) or a word in uppercase letters (physical anomaly). Uppercase words elicited the P300 complex of positivities, whereas agreement violations elicited a late positive shift with an onset around 500 msec and a duration of several hundred msec. These effects differed in their morphology, temporal course, amplitude, and scalp distribution. Furthermore, manipulations of the probability-of-occurrence and task relevance of the anomalies had robust effects on the response to uppercase words, but not on the response to agreement violations. Finally, these anomalies had additive effects when agreement-violating uppercase (doubly anomalous) words were presented. These results are taken to be an initial indication that the positive shift elicited by agreement violations is distinct from the P300 response to unexpected, task-relevant anomalies that do not involve the violation of a grammatical rule.

scholarly journals Investigation of EEG signals generated by motor imagery for application in BCIs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caique de Medeiros Mendes ◽  
Gabriela Castellano ◽  
Carlos Alberto Stefano Filho
Keyword(s):  
Motor Imagery ◽  
Low Complexity ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
K Nearest Neighbors ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Accuracy Rates ◽  
The Brain

Motor imagery (MI) is a commonly used strategy in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) to modify neuronal activity, in which the user, by imagining motor movements, generates signals that can be recorded and interpreted to control a device. In this study, we sought to investigate how the brain response of users during MI happens, by analyzing a database of EEG signals in which healthy subjects were asked to imagine the movement of their right and left hands. Our goal was to recognize patterns associated with this task, through a spectral evaluation of different segments of the signal. Therefore, we estimated the power spectral density (PSD) for each evaluated segment and then used it for classification, via k-nearest neighbors (k-NN). We found that the accuracy rates obtained with k-NN classification were very similar to random, suggesting, mainly, high inter-subjects variability and choice of a low complexity classifier.

Isolation of Anatomical Brain Mutants of Drosophila by Histological Means

1979 ◽  
Vol 34 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 143-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Heisenberg ◽  
K. Böhl
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Genetic Variations ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Screening Experiments ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Brain Shape

Abstract Due to its small size Drosophila melanogaster can conveniently be used in screening experiments for anatomical brain mutants. A simple method has been designed which allows to process up to 20 identifiable flies as a single preparation in a standard histology routine. Anatomical brain mutants are very frequent. Over 60 mutants were obtained from the inspection of about 3000 brains. So far genetic variations of brain structure fall into 4 classes: (1) “low fidelity” mutants in which brains are less precisely built; (2) “brain shape” mutants with globally or partially reduced brains; (3) “architectonic” mutants which show constructional defects mainly in the repetitive structures of the brain and (4) “vacuolar” mutants with globular “holes” in certain areas of the brain. These mutant classes obviously reflect different aspects of brain development like cell pro­liferation (2), “wiring” (3) and cell death (4). Some of the mutants may prove to be useful in anatomical, physiological or genetic brain research.

scholarly journals The electrophysiological underpinnings of processing gender stereotypes in language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siyanova ◽  
F Pesciarelli ◽  
C Cacciari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Third Person ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Brain

Despite the widely documented influence of gender stereotypes on social behaviour, little is known about the electrophysiological substrates engaged in the processing of such information when conveyed by language. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we examined the brain response to third-person pronouns (lei "she" and lui "he") that were implicitly primed by definitional (passeggeraFEM "passenger", pensionatoMASC "pensioner"), or stereotypical antecedents (insegnante "teacher", conducente "driver"). An N400-like effect on the pronoun emerged when it was preceded by a definitionally incongruent prime (passeggeraFEM - lui; pensionatoMASC - lei), and a stereotypically incongruent prime for masculine pronouns only (insegnante - lui). In addition, a P300-like effect was found when the pronoun was preceded by definitionally incongruent primes. However, this effect was observed for female, but not male participants. Overall, these results provide further evidence for on-line effects of stereotypical gender in language comprehension. Importantly, our results also suggest a gender stereotype asymmetry in that male and female stereotypes affected the processing of pronouns differently. © 2012 Siyanova-Chanturia et al.

scholarly journals The electrophysiological underpinnings of processing gender stereotypes in language

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Siyanova ◽  
F Pesciarelli ◽  
C Cacciari
Keyword(s):  
Gender Stereotypes ◽  
Language Comprehension ◽  
Social Behaviour ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Stereotypes ◽  
Third Person ◽  
On Line ◽  
The Brain

Despite the widely documented influence of gender stereotypes on social behaviour, little is known about the electrophysiological substrates engaged in the processing of such information when conveyed by language. Using event-related brain potentials (ERPs), we examined the brain response to third-person pronouns (lei "she" and lui "he") that were implicitly primed by definitional (passeggeraFEM "passenger", pensionatoMASC "pensioner"), or stereotypical antecedents (insegnante "teacher", conducente "driver"). An N400-like effect on the pronoun emerged when it was preceded by a definitionally incongruent prime (passeggeraFEM - lui; pensionatoMASC - lei), and a stereotypically incongruent prime for masculine pronouns only (insegnante - lui). In addition, a P300-like effect was found when the pronoun was preceded by definitionally incongruent primes. However, this effect was observed for female, but not male participants. Overall, these results provide further evidence for on-line effects of stereotypical gender in language comprehension. Importantly, our results also suggest a gender stereotype asymmetry in that male and female stereotypes affected the processing of pronouns differently. © 2012 Siyanova-Chanturia et al.

A neurolinguistic study of South Swedish word accents: Electrical brain potentials in nouns and verbs

2015 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Roll
Keyword(s):  
Electric Potential ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Mirror Image ◽  
Acoustic Features ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Processing Load ◽  
Compound Words ◽  
Brain Potentials ◽  
The Brain

The brain response to words with correct and incorrect word accent–suffix combinations in South Swedish was investigated using electroencephalography (EEG). Accent 1 yielded an increased brain response (‘preactivation negativity’) that has previously been interpreted as reflecting preactivation of suffixes. Preactivation is greater for accent 1 due to its association with a limited set of suffixes, whereas accent 2 is default for compound words. The tonal realization of the word accent opposition in South Swedish is practically the mirror image of that in Central Swedish, where a similar preactivation negativity has been found. Therefore, the brain response is unlikely to result from a difference in acoustic features between the word accents. Invalidly cued suffixes yielded brain response pattern showing increased processing load of the unexpected suffix (negative electric potential) followed by its reprocessing (positivity ‘P600’).

scholarly journals Fractional Diffusion Based Modelling and Prediction of Human Brain Response to External Stimuli

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Namazi ◽  
Vladimir V. Kulish
Keyword(s):  
Human Brain ◽  
Brain Research ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Fractional Diffusion ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Brain Response ◽  
Human Eeg ◽  
External Stimuli ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Good Agreement

Human brain response is the result of the overall ability of the brain in analyzing different internal and external stimuli and thus making the proper decisions. During the last decades scientists have discovered more about this phenomenon and proposed some models based on computational, biological, or neuropsychological methods. Despite some advances in studies related to this area of the brain research, there were fewer efforts which have been done on the mathematical modeling of the human brain response to external stimuli. This research is devoted to the modeling and prediction of the human EEG signal, as an alert state of overall human brain activity monitoring, upon receiving external stimuli, based on fractional diffusion equations. The results of this modeling show very good agreement with the real human EEG signal and thus this model can be used for many types of applications such as prediction of seizure onset in patient with epilepsy.

Complexity Measures of Brain Electrophysiological Activity

2010 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Klonowski ◽  
Pawel Stepien ◽  
Robert Stepien
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Deterministic Chaos ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Eeg Signal ◽  
Eeg Signals ◽  
Complexity Measures ◽  
Electrophysiological Activity ◽  
Signal Complexity ◽  
Physiological Sleep ◽  
The Brain

Over 20 years ago, Watt and Hameroff (1987 ) suggested that consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind. To analyze EEG-signal complexity, we used Higuchi’s fractal dimension in time domain and symbolic analysis methods. Our results of analysis of EEG-signals under anesthesia, during physiological sleep, and during epileptic seizures lead to a conclusion similar to that of Watt and Hameroff: Brain activity, measured by complexity of the EEG-signal, diminishes (becomes less chaotic) when consciousness is being “switched off”. So, consciousness may be described as a manifestation of deterministic chaos in the brain/mind.

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