scholarly journals Is perfectionism rising over time? A meta-analysis of birth cohort differences from 1989 to 2016

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Curran
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Socially Prescribed Perfectionism ◽  
The Us ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The Uk

From the 1980’s onwards, neoliberal governance in the US, Canada, and the UK has emphasized competitive individualism and people have seemingly responded, in kind, by agitating to perfect themselves and their lifestyles. In this study, we examine whether cultural changes have coincided with an increase in multidimensional perfectionism in college students over the last 27 years. Our analyses are based on 164 samples and 41,641 American, Canadian, and British college students, who completed the Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (Hewitt & Flett, 1991) between 1989 and 2016 (70.92% female, Mage = 20.66). Cross-temporal meta-analysis revealed that levels of self-oriented perfectionism, socially prescribed perfectionism, and other-oriented perfectionism have linearly increased. These trends remained when controlling for gender and between-country differences in perfectionism scores. Overall, in order of magnitude of the observed increase, our findings indicate that recent generations of young people perceive that others are more demanding of them, are more demanding of others, and are more demanding of themselves.

scholarly journals Country differences in the diagnosis and management of coronary heart disease – a comparison between the US, the UK and Germany

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Olaf von dem Knesebeck ◽  
Markus Bönte ◽  
Johannes Siegrist ◽  
Lisa Marceau ◽  
Carol Link ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
The Us ◽  
Country Differences ◽  
The Uk

Plagiarism: Understanding and Management

2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 372-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Wicker
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
American Education ◽  
Advisory Service ◽  
Software Company ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
The Uk

An epidemic of plagiarism is sweeping the world. A study carried out in the US suggested that 80% of college students admit to cheating at least once (Ashworth et al 1997). Alternative evidence from an American education and software company, Plagiarism.org , reported that 36% of undergraduates plagiarise written material and that 90% of students believe that cheaters are never caught or disciplined ( Plagiarism.org 2005). Closer to home, research carried out in the UK by Clare (1996) suggested that 50% of students copy work and invent data. More recently the Plagiarism Advisory Service, based at Northumbria University, reported that 25% of students plagiarise, while lecturers only detect plagiarism 3% of the time (Plagiarism Advisory Service 2006).

Birth Cohort Differences in Self-Esteem, 1988–2008: A Cross-Temporal Meta-Analysis

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brittany Gentile ◽  
Jean M. Twenge ◽  
W. Keith Campbell
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
High School ◽  
High School Students ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cohort Differences ◽  
Modal Response ◽  
Self Worth ◽  
Meta Analyses

Three meta-analyses find increases over the generations in Rosenberg Self-Esteem scale (RSE) scores between 1988 and 2008 among American middle school ( d = 0.78, n = 10,119), high school ( d = 0.39, n = 16,669), and college students ( d = 0.30, n = 28,918). The changes are consistent with an increasing emphasis on self-worth in American culture and, for high school students, with small increases in academic competence over time. College students’ scores change only when the RSE is administered with a 4-point Likert scale with no midpoint. By 2008, a score of 40 (perfect self-esteem) was the modal response of college students, chosen by 18% of participants; 51% scored 35 or over. Given these shifts in responses, the possibility of revising the RSE is discussed.

scholarly journals Transforming Rehabilitation: The impact of austerity and privatisation on day-to-day cultures and working practices in ‘probation’

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samantha Walker ◽  
Jill Annison ◽  
Sharon Beckett
Keyword(s):  
Health Issues ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Mental Health Issues ◽  
Neoliberal Governance ◽  
Working Practices ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Public Sector Service ◽  
Sector Service

Viewed as a culmination of broader neoliberal governance within the UK, this paper examines the impact of the government’s Transforming Rehabilitation (TR) agenda on day-to-day working cultures at the frontline of probation work. TR has brought with it extensive structural and cultural changes to probation work in England and Wales. Once a single public-sector service with a social welfare ethos of ‘advise, assist and befriend’, probation has been dismantled, partially privatised and culturally transformed into a collection of fragmented, target-driven organisations, divided according to risk and with an official rhetoric emphasising public protection. The implications of TR are now starting to surface. While much of this attention has focused on the impact of TR on both the supervision of offenders and in terms of public protection, less research has been conducted on how these organisational changes have impacted upon staff. Drawing upon findings from qualitative research, this article suggests that deepening cuts, precarious working environments, and increasingly unmanageable caseloads inflict upon staff what we consider to be a pervasive form of systemic workplace harm, resulting in mental health issues, stress, and professional dissatisfaction.

scholarly journals Mortality, Severity, and Hospital Admission among COVID-19 Patients with ACEI/ARB Use: A Meta-Analysis Stratifying Countries Based on Response to the First Wave of the Pandemic

Healthcare ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 127
Author(s):  
Ahmad A. Alamer ◽  
Abdulaziz S. Almulhim ◽  
Ahmed A. Alrashed ◽  
Ivo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Country Clusters ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
The Uk

Background: The use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) is controversial for treating COVID-19 patients. We aimed to estimate pooled risks of mortality, disease severity, and hospitalization associated with ACEI/ARB use and stratify them by country and country clusters. Methods: We conducted a search in various databases through 4 July 2020 and then applied random-effects models to estimate pooled risks (ORp) across stratifications by country cluster. Clusters were chosen to reflect outbreak times (China followed by Korea/Italy, others subsequently) and mobility restrictions (China and Denmark/France/Spain with stricter lockdowns than the UK/US). Results: Overall analysis showed no increase in mortality; however, a statistical increase in mortality was seen in the US/UK cluster with ORp = 1.28 [95% CI = 1.04; 1.56] and a decrease in China with ORp = 0.65 [95% CI = 0.43; 0.96] and France with OR = 0.31 [95% CI = 0.14; 0.69]. Severity and hospitalization were not statistically significant in the analysis; however, several associations were seen in specific countries but not in country clusters. Conclusion: The country-cluster meta-analysis provided a reasonable explanation for COVID-19 mortality among ACEI/ARB users. The analysis did not explain differences in severity and suggested the involvement of other factors. Hospitalization findings among ACEI/ARB users may be considered informative as they may have been subjected to clinical decisions and hospital-bed availability.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Medical Humanities Teaching in Medical Schools: Review of Curricula in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Howick ◽  
Lunan Zhao ◽  
Brenna McKaig ◽  
RAFFAELLA CAMPANER ◽  
Alessandro Rosa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Education ◽  
Medical School ◽  
Medical Practice ◽  
Medical Humanities ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Medical Schools ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Uk

Rationale and Objectives Medical humanities are becoming increasingly popular, required, and recognized as positively impacting medical education and medical practice. However, the extent of medical humanities teaching in medical schools is largely unknown. We aimed to review medical school curricula in Canada, the UK, and the US. Our secondary objective was to compare the inclusion of medical humanities in the curricula with rankings of medical schools. Methods We searched the curriculum websites of all accredited medical schools in Canada, the UK, and the US to check which medical humanities topics were taught, and whether they were mandatory or optional. We then noted rankings both by Times Higher Education and U.S. News and World Report and calculated the average rank. We formally explored whether there was an association between average medical school ranking and medical humanities offerings using Spearman’s correlation and inverse variance weighting meta-analysis. Results We identified 18 accredited medical school programmes in Canada, 41 in the UK, and 156 in the US. Of these, 9 (56%) in Canada, 34 (73%) in the UK and 124 (79%) in the US offered at least one medical humanity that was not ethics. The most common medical humanities were Unspecified Medical Humanities, History, and Literature (Canada), Sociology and Social Medicine, Unspecified Medical Humanities, and Art (UK), and Unspecified Medical Humanities, Literature, and History (US). There was a negative relationship between the ranking of the medical school and whether they offered medical humanities. Conclusions The extent and content of medical humanities offerings at accredited medical schools in Canada, the UK, and the US varies. The quality of our analysis was limited by the data provided on the Universities’ curriculum websites. Given the potential for medical humanities to improve medical education and medical practice, this variation should be investigated further.

scholarly journals Mortality, Severity, and Hospital Admission Among COVID-19 Patients with ACEI/ARB Use: A Meta-analysis Stratifying Countries Based on Response to the First Wave of the Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alamer ◽  
Abdulaziz Almulhim ◽  
Ahmed Alrashed ◽  
Ivo Abraham
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Converting Enzyme Inhibitors ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
The Us ◽  
Country Clusters ◽  
Receptor Blockers ◽  
The Uk

Abstract BackgroundThe use of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB) is controversial for treating COVID-19 patients. We aimed to estimate pooled risks of mortality, disease severity, and hospitalization associated with ACEI/ARB use and stratify them by country and country clusters. MethodsWe conducted a search in various databases through 7/4/2020 and then applied random-effects models to estimate pooled risks (ORp) across stratifications by country cluster. Clusters were chosen to reflect outbreak times (China followed by Korea/Italy, others subsequently) and mobility restrictions (China and Denmark/France/Spain with stricter lockdowns than the UK/US). ResultsOverall analysis showed no increase in mortality; however, a statistical increase in mortality was seen in the US/UK cluster with ORp=1.28[95%CI=1.04; 1.56] and a decrease in China with ORp=0.65[95%CI=0.43; 0.96] and France with OR=0.31[95%CI=0.14; 0.69]. Severity and hospitalization were not statistically significant in the analysis; however, several associations were seen in specific countries but not in country clusters. ConclusionThe country-cluster meta-analysis provided a reasonable explanation for COVID-19 mortality among ACEI/ARB users. The analysis did not explain differences in severity and suggested the involvement of other factors. Hospitalization findings may be considered informative as they may have been subjected to clinical decisions and hospital-bed availability.

‘To see oursels as ithers see us’: Reflections on Scottish Independence from the United States

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Euan Hague ◽  
Alan Mackie
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us ◽  
Scottish Independence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Scottish Diaspora

The United States media have given rather little attention to the question of the Scottish referendum despite important economic, political and military links between the US and the UK/Scotland. For some in the US a ‘no’ vote would be greeted with relief given these ties: for others, a ‘yes’ vote would be acclaimed as an underdog escaping England's imperium, a narrative clearly echoing America's own founding story. This article explores commentary in the US press and media as well as reporting evidence from on-going interviews with the Scottish diaspora in the US. It concludes that there is as complex a picture of the 2014 referendum in the United States as there is in Scotland.

‘I’m an expert in me and I know what I can cope with’: Patient expertise in rheumatoid arthritis

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-261 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tessa Sanderson ◽  
Jo Angouri
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Specific Knowledge ◽  
Active Involvement ◽  
Domain Specific ◽  
Access To Health ◽  
Patient Expertise ◽  
Domain Specific Knowledge ◽  
The Uk

The active involvement of patients in decision-making and the focus on patient expertise in managing chronic illness constitutes a priority in many healthcare systems including the NHS in the UK. With easier access to health information, patients are almost expected to be (or present self) as an ‘expert patient’ (Ziebland 2004). This paper draws on the meta-analysis of interview data collected for identifying treatment outcomes important to patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Taking a discourse approach to identity, the discussion focuses on the resources used in the negotiation and co-construction of expert identities, including domain-specific knowledge, access to institutional resources, and ability to self-manage. The analysis shows that expertise is both projected (institutionally sanctioned) and claimed by the patient (self-defined). We close the paper by highlighting the limitations of our pilot study and suggest avenues for further research.

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