scholarly journals Forced Choice Measures with an Answer Key: A Predictive Modelling Approach for Detecting Faking Behavior

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angus William Hughes ◽  
Patrick Damien Dunlop ◽  
Djurre Holtrop ◽  
Serena Wee
Keyword(s):  
Rank Order ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Rank Order Data ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Mallows Model ◽  
Modelling Approach ◽  
The Ideal

Forced choice (FC) personality measures are increasingly popular in research and applied contexts. To date however, no method for detecting faking behavior on this format has been both proposed and empirically tested. We introduce a new methodology for faking detection on FC measures, based on the assumption that individuals engaging in faking try to approximate the ideal response on each block of items. Individuals’ responses are scored relative to the ideal using a model for rank-order data not previously applied to FC measures (Generalized Mallows Model). Scores are then used as predictors of faking in a regularized logistic regression. In Study 1, we test our approach using cross-validation, and contrast generic and job-specific ideal responses. Study 2 replicates our methodology on two measures matched and mismatched on item desirability. We achieved between 80 – 92% balanced accuracy in detecting instructed faking, and predicted probabilities of faking correlated with self-reported faking behavior. We discuss how this approach, driven by trying to capture the faking process, differs methodologically and theoretically to existing faking detection paradigms, and measure and context-specific factors impacting accuracy.

scholarly journals Decision Theory and large deviations for dynamical hypotheses tests: The Neyman-Pearson Lemma, Min-Max and Bayesian tests

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Hermes H. Ferreira ◽  
Artur O. Lopes ◽  
Silvia R. C. Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Decision Theory ◽  
Large Deviations ◽  
Sample Size ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Thermodynamic Formalism ◽  
Exponential Decay Rate ◽  
Log Likelihood ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Classical Hypothesis ◽  
The Ideal

<p style='text-indent:20px;'>We analyze hypotheses tests using classical results on large deviations to compare two models, each one described by a different Hölder Gibbs probability measure. One main difference to the classical hypothesis tests in Decision Theory is that here the two measures are singular with respect to each other. Among other objectives, we are interested in the decay rate of the wrong decisions probability, when the sample size <inline-formula><tex-math id="M1">\begin{document}$ n $\end{document}</tex-math></inline-formula> goes to infinity. We show a dynamical version of the Neyman-Pearson Lemma displaying the ideal test within a certain class of similar tests. This test becomes exponentially better, compared to other alternative tests, when the sample size goes to infinity. We are able to present the explicit exponential decay rate. We also consider both, the Min-Max and a certain type of Bayesian hypotheses tests. We shall consider these tests in the log likelihood framework by using several tools of Thermodynamic Formalism. Versions of the Stein's Lemma and Chernoff's information are also presented.</p>

Evaluating e-Learning Initiatives

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stelios Daskalakis ◽  
Nikolaos Tselios
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Research Model ◽  
Learning Context ◽  
Learning Evaluation ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Research Frameworks ◽  
Context Specific

Evaluation aspects, in relation to e-learning initiatives, are gaining substantial attention. As technology continuously influences learning, technical as well as organizational requirements need to be thoroughly investigated across a variety of stakeholders. In this paper, an outline of those aspects is presented, which occurred from a literature review on methods and research frameworks utilized toward the evaluation of e-learning initiatives. The review identified a series of studies that take advantage of well-established theories in the area of users’ acceptance of technology combined with additional, e-learning context-specific factors. Results of the review are presented, according to the adopted research model, to ease the process of locating and retrieving e-learning evaluation paradigms per theoretical model. In addition, research findings are discussed and future implications for e-learning evaluation initiatives as well as potential stakeholders are highlighted.

scholarly journals Financing Decisions in Family Businesses: A Review and Suggestions for Developing the Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 369-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anneleen Michiels ◽  
Vincent Molly
Keyword(s):  
Family Business ◽  
Family Firms ◽  
Family Businesses ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Financing Decisions ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Specific Factors ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Business Financing

Motivated by the growing attention to the financing decisions of family firms, this review brings together the two highly relevant research fields of family business and finance. This study critically reviews 131 articles on financing decisions in family businesses, published between 1977 and 2016 in 64 finance and management journals. We develop a state of the art on family business financing literature and present a model to guide extant and future research by identifying gaps across the theoretical perspectives and across context-specific elements such as family business heterogeneity and country-specific factors.

scholarly journals Mobile applications in government services (mG-App) from user's perspectives: A predictive modelling approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 557-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujeet Kumar Sharma ◽  
Ali Al-Badi ◽  
Nripendra P. Rana ◽  
Laila Al-Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Applications ◽  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Government Services ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Screening ground risk in underground works as part of a predictive modelling approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 173 (5) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rod Eddies ◽  
Ray Wood ◽  
Asher Haynes ◽  
David Warburton ◽  
Chris Pressdee
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Modelling ◽  
Modelling Approach

scholarly journals Colour associations in children and adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 1977-1983
Author(s):  
Robin SS Kramer ◽  
Joanne Y Prior
Keyword(s):  
Significant Role ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Single Item ◽  
Social Traits ◽  
Order Sets ◽  
Growing Body ◽  
Image Set ◽  
Context Specific ◽  
Area Of Study

A growing body of research has investigated how we associate colours and social traits. Specifically, studies have explored the links between red and perceptions of qualities like attractiveness and anger. Although less is known about other colours, the prevailing framework suggests that the specific context plays a significant role in determining how a particular colour might affect our perceptions of a person or item. Importantly, this factor has yet to be considered for children’s colour associations, where researchers focused on links between colours and emotions, rather than social traits. Here, we consider whether context-specific colour associations are demonstrated by 5- to 10-year-old children and compare these associations with adult data collected on the same task. We asked participants to rank order sets of six identical images (e.g., a boy completing a test), which varied only in the colour of a single item (his T-shirt). Each question was tailored to the image set to address a specific context, for example, “Which boy do you think looks the most likely to cheat on a test?” Our findings revealed several colour associations shared by children, and many of these were also present in adults, although some had strengthened or weakened by this stage of life. Taken together, our results demonstrate the presence of both stable and changing context-specific colour associations during development, revealing a new area of study for further exploration.

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