scholarly journals Beyond Emotional Similarity: The Role of Situation-Specific Motives

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
David Garcia ◽  
Eran Halperin ◽  
jamil zaki ◽  
Danyang Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Online Interactions ◽  
Group Members

It is well established that people often express emotions that are similar to those of other group members. However, people do not always express emotions that are similar to other group members, and the factors that determine when similarity occurs are not yet clear. In the current project, we examined whether certain situations activate specific emotional motives that influence the tendency to show emotional similarity. To test this possibility, we considered emotional responses to political situations that either called for weak (Studies 1 and 3) or strong (Study 2 and 4) negative emotions. Findings revealed that the motivation to feel weak emotions led people to be more influenced by weaker emotions than their own, whereas the motivation to feel strong emotions led people to be more influenced by stronger emotions than their own. Intriguingly, these motivations led people to change their emotions even after discovering that others’ emotions were similar to their initial emotional response. These findings are observed both in a lab task (Studies 1-3) and in real-life online interactions on Twitter (Study 4). Our findings enhance our ability to understand and predict emotional influence processes in different contexts and may therefore help explain how these processes unfold in group behavior.

Is this my group or not? The role of ensemble coding of emotional expressions in group categorization

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
Timothy Sweeny ◽  
Emmanuel Shpigel ◽  
James Gross
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Group Behavior ◽  
Emotional Expressions ◽  
Ensemble Coding ◽  
Face Categorization ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Mean And Variance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group Emotions

When exposed to others’ emotional responses, people often make rapid decisions as to whether these others are members of their group or not. These group categorization decisions have been shown to be extremely important to understanding group behavior. Yet, despite their prevalence and importance, we know very little about the attributes that shape these categorization decisions. To address this issue, we took inspiration from ensemble coding research and developed a task designed to reveal the influence of the mean and variance of group members’ emotions on participants’ group categorization. In Study 1, we verified that group categorization decreases when the group’s mean emotion is different from the participant’s own emotional response. In Study 2, we established that people identify a group’s mean emotion more accurately when its variance is low rather than high. In Studies 3 and 4, we showed that participants were more likely to self-categorize as members of groups with low emotional variance, even if their own emotions fell outside of the range of group emotions they saw, and that this preference is seen for judgements of both positive and negative group emotions. In Study 5, we showed that this unique preference for low group emotional variance is special to group categorization and does not appear in a more basic face categorization task. Our studies reveal unexplored and important tendencies in group categorization based on group emotions.

scholarly journals EXPLORING AGE, GENDER, AND RELATIONSHIP CLOSENESS DIFFERENCES IN RESPONSES TO IGNORED DISRESPECT

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S305-S305
Author(s):  
Jenessa C Steele ◽  
Amanda Chappell ◽  
Rachel Scott
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Age Differences ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Younger Adults ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
Close Condition

Abstract Emotional responses to disrespect tend to be negative (Hawkins, 2015). Little is known about how responses to disrespect vary across age groups and relationship closeness. It is unknown whether older adults have more emotional protection against disrespectful experiences, or are more deeply affected due to relationship closeness. Overall, we might expect that older adults react less negatively to disrespect compared to young adults, as they are more-skilled emotion regulators (Carstensen, 1991; English & Carstensen, 2014). We aimed to explore if, and under which circumstances, older adults are more or less sensitive to disrespect compared to younger adults. Three hundred participants responded to six scenarios illustrating ignored disrespect. Participants were randomly assigned to close or distant relationship disrespect scenarios. Relationship closeness was first determined by requesting participants identify a person in each layer of Kahn and Antonucci’s (1980) Social Convoy Model. Identified names were then automatically inserted into the six scenarios. Emotional responses and sensitivity to each scenario were recorded. Participants in the close condition reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than participants in the distant condition. Females reported more sensitivity to disrespect and negative emotions than males. We did not find overwhelming support for age differences in responses to disrespect. A single scenario indicated younger participants more sensitive to disrespect than older participants. Findings suggest it is more hurtful to be disrespected by someone close to you and females may be more sensitive to disrespect than males. More research investigating the role of age in disrespect is needed.

scholarly journals The Role of Negative Emotions Pre- and Post-Implementation of Graphic Health Warnings: Longitudinal Evidence from South Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5393
Author(s):  
Seon Min Lee ◽  
Seungwoo Chun ◽  
Jin Suk Lee
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Control Policy ◽  
Intention To Quit ◽  
Health Warnings ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Before And After

This longitudinal study investigated the factors that determine the effectiveness of graphic health warnings (GHWs) by comparing 246 South Korean smoker’s responses before and after the introduction of the country’s new tobacco control policy wherein GHWs were placed on all cigarette packaging. Even though introducing GHWs did not cause immediate changes in smokers’ intention to quit smoking or perception of smoking’s health risk, GHWs eventually motivated smokers to quit smoking when they experienced negative emotional responses to the newly introduced graphic warnings on cigarette packaging. More importantly, this study found that positive changes in smokers’ perceived risk associated with smoking due to the introduction of GHWs mediated a positive relationship between changes in smokers’ negative emotions (NE) from text-only warnings to graphic warnings and changes in their intention to quit smoking during the same period. Based on these results, the authors suggest that, for GHW policy to be more effective in motivating smoking cessation, the warnings need to convey images sufficiently unpleasant to induce negative emotional responses among smokers.

scholarly journals Ethnic dissimilarity predicts belonging motive frustration and reduced organizational attachment

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-138
Author(s):  
Kawon Kim ◽  
Margaret E. Ormiston ◽  
Matthew J. Easterbrook ◽  
Vivian L. Vignoles
Keyword(s):  
Group Membership ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Naturalistic Study ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Student Groups ◽  
Organizational Attachment ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Group Members

Some empirical studies show negative consequences of being demographically different from one’s group, but the underlying psychological mechanisms are not well understood. To address this gap, we investigated the role of the belonging and distinctiveness motives in individuals’ experiences of being ethnically dissimilar from their group. We propose that ethnic dissimilarity satisfies group members’ need for distinctiveness whereas it frustrates members’ need for belonging, and this frustration reduces their organizational attachment. An experimental study showed that ethnic dissimilarity led to heightened arousal of the belonging motive, indicating that this motive was frustrated. In a naturalistic study of real-life student groups, ethnic dissimilarity was associated with frustrated belonging, which in turn was associated with reduced organizational attachment. This paper contributes to the literature on demographic dissimilarity in groups by closely examining the effect of demographic dissimilarity on group members’ fundamental motives and reactions to group membership.

Emotional Responses to Disturbing Political News: The Role of Personality

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 174-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy J. Ryan ◽  
Matthew S. Wells ◽  
Brice D. L. Acree
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
National Sample ◽  
The Political ◽  
Survey Experiment ◽  
Political News ◽  
Recent Scholarship ◽  
Political Events ◽  
Need For Affect

AbstractRecent scholarship in political science identifies emotions as an important antecedent to political behavior. Existing work, however, has focused much more on the political effects of emotions than on their causes. Here, we begin to examine how personality moderates emotional responses to political events. We hypothesized that the personality trait need for affect (NFA) would moderate the emotions evoked by disturbing political news. Drawing data from a survey experiment conducted on a national sample, we find that individuals high in NFA have an especially vivid emotional response to disturbing news—a moderating relationship that has the potential to surpass those associated with symbolic attachments.

Differentiation from the ideological out-group as reference for the in-group’s emotions in conflict

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Elad Strenger ◽  
Amit Goldenberg ◽  
Tamar Saguy ◽  
Eran Halperin
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Group Norms ◽  
Political Reality ◽  
The Social ◽  
Group Members ◽  
Social Identity Approach ◽  
Shape Group

How does the competitive relation between ideological groups shape group members’ emotional responses to their shared political reality? Inspired by the social identity approach, we propose that ideological in-group members adjust their emotional responses to political stimuli based on the perceived emotional response of their ideological out-group, accentuating differentiation between the groups. Results of Studies 1 and 2 (pre-registered), conducted in the context of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, indicate that Jewish-Israeli leftists and rightists are more content when their ideological out-group’s emotional response to conflict-related stimuli is consistent (vs. inconsistent) with their in-group norms, yet shift their own emotions away from the presumed emotions of their ideological out-group. This effect was not moderated by participants’ self-reported desire for intergroup distinctiveness, suggesting that re-establishment of intergroup differentiation may occur automatically. Our findings indicate that differentiation from the internal ideological rival serves as reference for individuals’ emotions towards the external rival in conflict.

Negative emotions and consumers’ preventive health behavior: a multi-method exploratory study

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manel Ben Ayed ◽  
Nibrass El Aoud
Keyword(s):  
Health Behavior ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Consumer Experience ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Preventive Health Behavior

Purpose As the emotional/experiential aspect is still marginalized in the literature, this paper aims to explore the role of negative emotions associated with past experiences (PEs) in explaining the preventive health behavior (PHB) of the consumers with a chronic disease. Design/methodology/approach From the perspective of experiential marketing, a multi-method exploratory study was conducted among consumers with type 2 diabetes. The investigation process applied phenomenological interviews, visual projections and consumer diaries to adequately capture the emotional responses related to consumer experience of healthy diet behavior. Findings The results of a methodological triangulation show that the generation of negative emotions associated with PE with the PHB stimulates adopting healthy eating behavior rather than restraining it. Research limitations/implications The multi-method protocol chosen for this experiential study is a response to the methodological requirements for a broader conception of consumer experience in the context of chronic diseases. This protocol can be used for further empirical investigation of emotional reactions experienced in consumer behavior in the broad sense. Practical implications Managerial implications are provided for health-care professionals on how to implement marketing strategies and practices based on the identified consumer profiles. Originality/value This study highlights the significant role of experienced emotional responses in explaining the adoption of the PHB and underlines that not all decisions are rational. It also contributes to the literature by specifying a mixed-method approach of data collection for deeper investigation of the consumer’s emotional responses to the health behavior experience.

Intensity of Emotions Conveyed and Elicited by Familiar and Unfamiliar Music

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 177-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Omar Ali ◽  
Zehra F. Peynircioǧǧlu
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses

WE REPLICATED PREVIOUS FINDINGS AND DEMONSTRATED that familiarity with musical stimuli increased 'liking' or 'preference' for the stimuli. We also demonstrated that familiarity increased the intensity of emotional responses to music, but only when the stimuli were made highly familiar through en masse repetitions (Experiment 3) rather than through interspersed repetitions (Experiment 1). In addition, intensity ratings were higher when participants were asked to judge the emotion conveyed by the music than when they were asked to judge the emotion elicited by the same music (Experiments 2 and 3). Finally, positive emotions (i.e., happy and calm) were rated higher compared with negative emotions (i.e., sad and angry) for both types of ratings (i.e., conveyed or elicited). The findings suggest that familiarity plays a role in modulating a listener's emotional response to music.

Emotional responses to ridicule and teasing: Should gelotophobes react differently?

2008 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey Platt
Keyword(s):  
Social Interactions ◽  
Emotional Response ◽  
Response Pattern ◽  
Negative Emotions ◽  
Emotional Responses ◽  
Play Signals ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Negative Feelings

AbstractThe present study examined the hypothesis that gelotophobia blurs the emotional responses between ridicule and good-natured teasing. Ridicule should induce negative feelings and teasing happiness and surprise in individuals not suffering gelotophobia. Gelotophobes will discriminate less between the two. Their responses to teasing will be similar to ridicule. A sample of adults (N = 105) specified which emotions they would experience in nine scenarios of social interactions pre-selected to represent bullying ridicule or good-natured teasing. Ridicule elicited strong responses of shame, fear and anger, and other negative emotions but low happiness and surprise. Responses of gelotophobes and non-gelotophobes were highly parallel, with the exception that among extreme gelotophobes stronger shame and fear were displayed than among non-gelotophobes. Good-natured teasing seemed to elicit happiness and surprise and low levels of negative emotions among the non-gelotophobes. Among the gelotophobes, however, it was the negative emotions; primarily shame, fear, and anger that were exhibited as the emotional response pattern. In fact, the emotion profile to good-humored teasing was highly similar to the profile in response to the bullying-ridiculing situations. Gelotophobes' perceptions do not discriminate between playful teasing and good-natured teasing. They do not identify the safe and non-threatening quality of the teasing situations. Treatment of gelotophobes should, therefore, involve helping them to identify the play-signals, i.e., the meta-message that the interaction is playful, for fun and that no harm is intended.

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