scholarly journals Clustering of health behaviours in Canadians: A multiple behaviour analysis of data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study on Aging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack van Allen ◽  
Simon Bacon ◽  
Paquito Bernard ◽  
Heather Brown ◽  
sophie desroches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Health Behaviour Change ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Health risk behaviours such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking tobacco, and alcohol use are each leading risk factors for non-communicable chronic disease and each play a central role in limiting health and life satisfaction. However, much less is known about how co-occurring behaviours are associated with health outcomes. Understanding which behaviours tend to co-occur (i.e., cluster together), and how such clusters are associated with physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and health care utilization may provide novel opportunities to leverage this co-occurrence to develop and evaluate interventions to promote multiple health behaviour change. Using cross-sectional baseline data (N=40,268) from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, we performed a pre-defined set of analyses to examine the co-occurrence of health behaviours. We used agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to cluster individuals based on their behavioural tendencies and multinomial logistic regression to examine how these clusters are associated with demographic characteristics, healthcare utilization, and general health and life satisfaction, and assess whether sex and age moderate these relationships. Seven clusters were identified with clusters differentiated by six of the seven health behaviours included in the analysis. Variability between clusters was observed in frequencies of weekly walking, strenuous exercise, and alcohol consumption. Sociodemographic characteristics varied across several clusters while self-reported physical/mental health showed less variation across clusters. The seven identified clusters of health behaviours allow for contrasts to be made with comparable analyses in other countries and will help inform the development of future health behaviour change interventions tailored to sub-populations and their sociodemographic profiles.

Clustering of healthy behaviours in Canadians - Protocol for a multiple behaviour analysis of data from the CLSA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack van Allen ◽  
Simon Bacon ◽  
Paquito Bernard ◽  
Heather Brown ◽  
sophie desroches ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Aging ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Agglomerative Hierarchical Cluster Analysis

Health behaviours such as physical inactivity, unhealthy eating, smoking tobacco, and alcohol use are leading risk factors for non-communicable chronic disease and play a central role in limiting health and life satisfaction. To date, however, health behaviours tend to be considered separately from one another, resulting in guidelines and interventions for healthy aging siloed by specific behaviours and often focused only on a given health behaviour without considering the co-occurrence of family, social, work and other behaviours of everyday life. Understanding how behaviours cluster, and how such clusters are associated with physical and mental health, life satisfaction, and health care utilization may provide opportunities to leverage this co-occurrence to develop and evaluate interventions to promote multiple health behaviour change. Using cross-sectional baseline data from the Canadian Longitudinal Study of Aging, we will perform a pre-defined set of exploratory and hypothesis-generating analyses to examine the co-occurrence of health and everyday life behaviours. We will use agglomerative hierarchical cluster analysis to cluster individuals based on their behavioural tendencies. Multinomial logistic regression will then be employed to model the relationships between clusters and demographic indicators, healthcare utilization, and general health and life satisfaction, and assess whether sex and age moderate these relationships. Additionally, we will conduct network community detection analysis using the clique percolation algorithm to detect overlapping communities of behaviours based on the strength of relationships between variables. This study will help to inform the development of interventions tailored to sub-populations of adults (e.g., physically inactive smokers) defined by the multiple behaviours that describe their everyday life experience.

scholarly journals Systematic Review on the Effect of Training Interventions to Improve the Skills of Health Professionals in Promoting Health Behaviour Change, with Meta-Analysis of Behavioural Outcomes.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tom G Hatfield ◽  
Thomas Michael Withers ◽  
Colin J Greaves
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Healthcare Professional ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Health Behaviour Change ◽  
Patient Health

Abstract Background We aimed to identify, synthesise and evaluate randomised control trial evidence on the effects of healthcare professional training on the delivery quality of health behaviour change interventions and, subsequently, on patient health behaviours.Methods Systematic review with narrative synthesis of effects on delivery quality and meta-analysis of health behaviour outcomes. We searched: Medline, EMBASE, PsychInfo, AMED, CINAHL Plus and the Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials up to March 2019. Studies were included if they were in English and included intervention delivery quality as an outcome. The systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (registration: CRD42019124502).Results Twelve-studies were identified as suitable for inclusion. All studies were judged as being high risk of bias with respect to training quality outcomes. However with respect to behavioural outcomes, only two of the six studies included in the meta-analysis had a high risk and four had some concerns. Educational elements (e.g. presentations) were used in all studies and nine included additional practical learning tasks. In eight studies reporting delivery quality, 54% of healthcare professional communication outcomes and 55% of content delivery outcomes improved in the intervention arm compared to controls. Training that included both educational and practical elements tended to be more effective. Meta-analysis of patient health behavioural outcomes in six-studies found significant improvements (Standardised mean difference (SMD): 0.20, 95% confidence interval: 0.11 to 0.28, P<0.0001, I 2 = 0%). No significant difference was found between short (≤6-months) and long-term (>6-months) outcomes (SMD: 0.25 vs 0.15; P=0.31).Conclusions Delivery quality of health behaviour change interventions appears to improve following training and consequently to improve health behaviours. Future studies should develop more concise /integrated measures of delivery quality and develop optimal methods of training delivery.

Gamification as Upper Limb Rehabilitation Process

2021 ◽  
pp. 243-257
Author(s):  
Vitor Simões-Silva ◽  
Ana Filipa Duarte Mesquita ◽  
Karla Lígia Santos Da Silva ◽  
Vanessa Solange Arouca Quental ◽  
António Marques
Keyword(s):  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
User Participation ◽  
World Health ◽  
Upper Limb Rehabilitation ◽  
Health Behaviour Change ◽  
Limb Rehabilitation

In our modern life world, health and well-being strongly depend on the individual's health behaviours. Motivation is a major factor of health behaviour change, and intrinsically motivated behaviour change is desirable as it is both sustained and directly contributes to well-being. This raises the immediate question what kind of interventions are best positioned to intrinsically motivate health behaviour change. The current state of evidence supports that gamification can have a positive impact in health and wellbeing. In recent years, games and game technology have been used quite widely to investigate if they can help make rehabilitation more engaging for users. The underlying hypothesis is that the motivating qualities of games may be harnessed and embedded into a game-based rehabilitation system to improve the quality of user participation.

Family medicine physicians’ confidence and perceived effectiveness in delivering health behaviour change interventions

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
Michelle D Sherman ◽  
Stephanie A Hooker
Keyword(s):  
Family Medicine ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Behaviour Change Techniques ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Perceived Effectiveness ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Health Behaviour Change

Abstract Background Approximately 40% of deaths in the USA are attributable to modifiable health behaviours. Despite clear recommendations and practice guidelines, primary care physicians (PCPs) generally do not dedicate much time to addressing health behaviours, thereby missing opportunities to improve patient well-being. Objective(s) To examine what health behaviour change techniques PCPs use with their patients, including frequency of use, confidence in and perceived effectiveness of those interventions. Methods Using a cross-sectional study design, family medicine resident and faculty physicians (n = 68) from three residency training programs completed an anonymous online survey. Questions explored their use of, confidence in and perceived effectiveness of health behaviour change interventions for six domains: physical activity, healthy eating, medication adherence, smoking cessation, sleep and alcohol reduction. Qualitative responses to open-ended questions were double coded by two independent raters. PCPs’ open-ended responses to questions regarding specific intervention techniques were coded using an evidence-based behaviour change taxonomy. Results Although PCPs indicated that they address health behaviour topics quite frequently with their patients, they reported only moderate confidence and low-to-moderate perceived effectiveness with their interventions. The most frequently cited technique was providing instruction (telling patients what to do). PCPs reported lowest frequency of addressing, lowest confidence and lowest effectiveness regarding helping patients decrease their use of alcohol. Insufficient time and perceived low patient motivation were commonly cited barriers. Conclusion These findings highlight the need for the development and evaluation of educational curricula to teach physicians brief, evidence-based approaches to helping patients make these changes in their health-related behaviours.

The impact of healthy lifestyle interventions on mental health and wellbeing: a systematic review

2014 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Dale ◽  
Linsay Brassington ◽  
Kristel King
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle ◽  
Lifestyle Interventions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Behaviour Change Interventions ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Health Behaviour Change ◽  
Healthy Lifestyle Interventions

Purpose – There is growing evidence that health behaviour change interventions are associated with mental health and wellbeing improvements. This paper aims to examine the effect of healthy lifestyle interventions on mental wellbeing. Design/methodology/approach – Six databases (Medline, Evidence Based Medicine Cochrane Registered Controlled Trials, Evidence Based Medicine Full Text Reviews, British Nursing Index, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched from database commencement up to April 2013. A broad focus on lifestyle interventions and mental health and wellbeing outcomes was chosen. Papers were systematically extracted by title then abstract according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Inclusion criteria: any individual population (non-couple/family); any health behaviour change interventions; mental health and wellbeing outcomes; and a one-two level of evidence. Interventions aimed at workers were excluded, as were articles assessing cognitive functioning rather than mental health or wellbeing, or those using medications in interventions. Findings – Two authors reviewed 95 full papers. In total, 29 papers met inclusion criteria, representing a range of interventions spanning physical activity, diet, alcohol intake, drug use and smoking. A range of measures were used. The majority (n=25) of studies demonstrated improvements on at least one indicator of mental health and wellbeing. Limitations include the broad range of outcome measures used, varied follow-up times and the lack of detail in reporting interventions. Originality/value – Health behaviour change interventions targeting physical outcomes appear to have benefits to mental health and wellbeing spanning healthy populations and those with physical or mental health problems. Evidence is strongest for interventions targeting exercise and diet, particularly in combination and the actual lifestyle changes made and adherence appear to be important. However, it is not clear from this review which specific components are necessary or essential for improvements in mental health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Critical health response in the time of COVID-19: lessons from the past

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 336-345
Author(s):  
Rabia Ruby Patel ◽  
Tanya Monique Graham
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Behaviour Change ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
Personal Responsibility ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
The South ◽  
Change Models ◽  
Health Behaviour Change

This article examines the South African government’s response to COVID-19 by exploring the strong emphasis that has been placed on South Africans taking personal responsibility for good health outcomes. This emphasis is based on the principles of the traditional Health Belief Model which is a commonly used model in global health systems. More recently, there has been a drive towards other health behaviour change models, like the COM-B model and Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW); nonetheless, these remain entrenched within the principles of individual health responsibility. However, the South African experience with the HIV epidemic serves as a backdrop to demonstrate that holding people personally accountable for health behaviour changes has major pitfalls; health risk is never objective and does not take place outside of subjective experience. This article makes the argument that risk-taking health behaviour change in the South African context has to consider community empowerment and capacity building.

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