Age-related differences in the error-related negativity and error positivity in children and adolescents are moderated by sample and methodological characteristics: A meta-analysis

The error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological components associated with error processing that are thought to exhibit distinctive developmental trajectories from childhood to adulthood. To investigate the age and age moderation effects on the ERN and the Pe strength during development, we conducted a preregistered three-level meta-analysis synthesizing 120 and 41 effect sizes across 18 group comparison studies and 19 correlational studies, respectively. The meta-analysis included studies with mean age range between 3.6 to 28.7 years for age-group comparisons and 6.1 to 18.7 years for age correlations. Results showed that age was associated with a more negative ERN (SMD = -.433, r = -.230). No statistically significant association between age and the Pe was found (SMD = .059, r = -.091), except for in a group comparison between younger and older adolescents. The age effects were not significantly moderated by whether a Flanker or a Go/No-Go task was used, whereas studies that used other tasks found larger age effects on the Pe. There was a moderating effect of electrode site, whereby the Fz and Cz electrode sites yielded stronger negative associations between age and the ERN and the Pe, respectively. The results confirm that the ERN and the Pe show differential development courses and suggest that sample and methodological characteristics influence the age effects, and lay the foundation for investigations of developmental patterns of error processing in relation to psychopathology and early genetic and environmental risk factors.

Download Full-text

Diminished error-related negativity and error positivity in children and adults with externalizing problems and disorders: a meta-analysis on error processing

Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience ◽

10.1503/jpn.200031 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. E615-E627

Author(s):

Miranda Christine Lutz ◽

Rianne Kok ◽

Ilse Verveer ◽

Marcelo Malbec ◽

Susanne Koot ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Externalizing Problems ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Error Processing ◽

Error Related Negativity ◽

Error Positivity

Download Full-text

Age-related differences in the error-related negativity and error positivity in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol

10.31234/osf.io/57ae2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Rune Boen ◽

Daniel S Quintana ◽

Cecile Ladouceur ◽

Christian K. Tamnes

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Children And Adolescents ◽

Literature Search ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Effect Sizes ◽

Childhood And Adolescence ◽

Error Related Negativity ◽

Age Related ◽

Error Positivity ◽

Meta Analyses

Background: The error-related negativity (ERN) and the error positivity (Pe) are electrophysiological signals linked to error processing, a crucial aspect of self-monitoring and regulation. Previous research suggests different developmental trajectories for the ERN and Pe, with the ERN increasing in strength during the course of childhood and adolescence, while the Pe appears to reach a plateau by late childhood. There are, however, reports that are discrepant with this pattern, and effects of participant, task and methodological characteristics are poorly understood. The main objectives of this systematic review and meta-analysis are to evaluate the effect of age on ERN and Pe magnitude in children and adolescents, and to examine potential moderators of these effects, including age, sex, experimental task, task difficulty, and topography and quantification of the ERN and Pe. Methods/design: Studies that report group differences between age-groups or associations with age for the ERN and/or Pe magnitude in typically developing children and/or adolescents will be identified. The literature search will be conducted through PubMed and Scopus, all abstracts will be screened, and reference lists of relevant articles cross-checked for inclusion. The present protocol will also be disseminated on social media platforms to call for unpublished data. The data will be extracted from the eligible studies and will be included in random-effect meta-analyses in R. The results will include the estimation of age and age-group effect sizes, heterogeneity, risk of publication bias, and effects of moderating variables. Discussion: The study will include a systematic literature search and meta-analyses to better understand age-related differences in the ERN and Pe magnitudes. The results will provide estimates of effect sizes that are relevant for calculating statistical power and sample sizes for future studies. In addition, it will provide benchmark effect sizes for typical development of the ERN and the Pe that could be used for comparison purposes in developmental studies of clinical or at-risk groups.

Download Full-text

Percept-based and object-based error processing: An experimental dissociation of error-related negativity and error positivity

Clinical Neurophysiology ◽

10.1016/j.clinph.2010.06.031 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 122 (2) ◽

pp. 299-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Henning Gibbons ◽

Anna-Sophia Fritzsche ◽

Sonja Bienert ◽

Anne-Simone Armbrecht ◽

Jutta Stahl

Keyword(s):

Error Processing ◽

Error Related Negativity ◽

Object Based ◽

Error Positivity

Download Full-text

Age Effects on the Perception of Motion Illusions

Perception ◽

10.1068/p5886 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 38 (4) ◽

pp. 508-521 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Jutta Billino ◽

Kai Hamburger ◽

Karl R Gegenfurtner

Keyword(s):

Age Effects ◽

The Other ◽

Illusory Effect ◽

Illusory Motion ◽

Age Related ◽

Lower Likelihood ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

Age Range ◽

Processing Mechanisms ◽

Effect Of Age

Anomalous motion illusions represent a popular class of illusions and several studies have made an effort to explain their perception. However, understanding is still inconsistent. Age-related differences in susceptibility to illusory motion may contribute to further clarification of the underlying processing mechanisms. We investigated the effect of age on the perception of four different anomalous motion illusions. The Enigma illusion, the Rotating-Snakes illusion, the Pinna illusion, and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion were tested on a total of one hundred and thirty-nine participants covering an age range from 3 to 82 years. In comparison with young adults, children showed a lower likelihood of perceiving motion in all illusions with the exception of the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion. For adult subjects, we found significant age effects in the Rotating-Snakes illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion: occurrence of the illusory effect decreased with age. The other two illusions turned out to be unaffected by aging. Finally, inter-correlations between different motion illusions revealed that only the Pinna illusion and the Rotating-Tilted-Lines illusion correlated significantly with each other. The results confirm that anomalous motion illusions should not be considered as a homogeneous group. Possible links between perceptual data and neurophysiological changes related to age are discussed. Perceptual differences due to age provide the opportunity to improve our understanding of illusory motion and point to specific underlying mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Response-locked component of error monitoring in psychopathy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of error-related negativity/positivity

10.31234/osf.io/72drm ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

William Vallet ◽

Cecilia Neige ◽

Sabine MOUCHET-MAGES ◽

Jerome Brunelin ◽

Simon Grondin

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Performance Monitoring ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Factorial Analysis ◽

Error Monitoring ◽

Affective Dimension ◽

Error Related Negativity ◽

Error Positivity ◽

Following Error ◽

Analysis Of Error

Background: Evidence suggests that individuals with psychopathy display difficulties to adapt their behavior in accordance with the demands of the environment and show altered performance monitoring. However, studies investigating electrophysiological markers of error monitoring (e.g., the error-related negativity (ERN) and the error-positivity (Pe)) in this population reported mixed results. To explain discrepancies observed between studies, we hypothesized that psychopathy dimensions influence electrophysiological outcomes and we predicted that individuals with impulsive-antisocial features would display abnormal ERN compared to individuals with interpersonal-affective features. Methods: Based on the PRISMA guidelines, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies investigating ERN and Pe components in individuals with psychopathy compared to controls. A factorial analysis was undertaken to investigate the role of psychopathy dimensions on ERN. Results: Among the 206 retrieved studies, 15 were included in the meta- analysis. Individuals with psychopathy (n = 817) showed a reduced ERN (Cohen's d = 0.18) and Pe amplitude (d = -0.22) compared to control. The factorial analysis indicates a dissociation regarding the dimensional construct of psychopathy. The impulsive-antisocial dimension was linked to reduced ERN amplitude (d = 0.22) whereas the interpersonal-affective dimension was related to increased ERN amplitude compare to controls (d = -0.17). Conclusion: Individuals with psychopathy displayed abnormal ERN and Pe amplitudes following error commission. In addition, models reported that individuals with psychopathic traits relating more specifically to the interpersonal-affective dimension shows efficient error-monitoring systems and increased ERN component while those with marked impulsive-antisocial dimension displayed decreased ERN and altered performance monitoring.

Download Full-text

Associations of dyslipidaemia and lipid-lowering treatment with risk of postoperative cognitive dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2017-210338 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (6) ◽

pp. 499-506 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Insa Feinkohl ◽

Georg Winterer ◽

Tobias Pischon

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Fixed Effects ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Postoperative Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Lipid Lowering ◽

Relative Risks ◽

Age Related ◽

Inverse Variance ◽

Age Range

BackgroundLipid imbalance is linked to age-related cognitive impairment, but its role in postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) is unknown. Here, we present a systematic review and meta-analysis on dyslipidaemia, lipid-lowering treatment and POCD risk.MethodsPubMed, Ovid SP and Cochrane databases were searched for longitudinal studies that reported on associations of any measure of dyslipidaemia and/or lipid-lowering treatment with POCD as relative risks (RRs) or ORs. Fixed-effects inverse variance models were used to combine effects.ResultsOf 205 articles identified in the search, 17 studies on 2725 patients (grand mean age 67 years; mean age range 61–71 years) with follow-up periods of 1 day to 4 years (median 7 days; IQR 1–68 days) were included. Studies focused almost exclusively on hypercholesterolaemia as a measure of dyslipidaemia and on statins as lipid-lowering treatment. Across 12 studies on hypercholesterolaemia, we found no association with POCD risk (RR 0.93; 95% CI 0.80 to 1.08; P=0.34). Statin use before surgery was associated with a reduced POCD risk across eight studies (RR 0.81; 95% CI 0.67 to 0.98; P=0.03), but data on treatment duration were lacking.ConclusionStatin users appear to be at reduced risk of POCD although hypercholesterolaemia per se may not be associated with POCD risk. Trial studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of statins in POCD prevention.

Download Full-text

Global and regional white matter development in early childhood

10.1101/524785 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jess E. Reynolds ◽

Melody N. Grohs ◽

Deborah Dewey ◽

Catherine Lebel

Keyword(s):

Early Childhood ◽

White Matter ◽

Brain Injuries ◽

Diffusion Tensor ◽

Developmental Trajectories ◽

Early Adulthood ◽

Mean Diffusivity ◽

Age Related ◽

White Matter Development ◽

Age Range

AbstractWhite matter development continues throughout childhood and into early adulthood, but few studies have examined early childhood, and the specific trajectories and regional variation in this age range remain unclear. The aim of this study was to characterize developmental trajectories and sex differences of white matter in typically developing young children. Three hundred and ninety-six diffusion tensor imaging datasets from 120 children (57 male) aged 2-8 years were analyzed using tractography. Fractional anisotropy (FA) increased and mean diffusivity (MD) decreased in all white matter tracts by 5-15% over the 6-year period, likely reflecting increases in myelination and axonal packing. Males showed steeper slopes in a number of brain areas. Overall, early childhood is associated with substantial development of all white matter and appears to be an important period for the development of occipital and limbic connections, which showed the largest changes. This study provides a detailed characterization of age-related white matter changes in early childhood, offering baseline data that can be used to understand cognitive and behavioural development, as well as to identify deviations from normal development in children with various diseases, disorders, or brain injuries.

Download Full-text