scholarly journals Did Alcohol Policy Really Cause the Postsocialist Mortality Crisis? Revisiting the Rebound and Affordability Hypotheses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aytalina Azarova ◽  
Gábor Scheiring ◽  
Michael Ash ◽  
Lawrence King
Keyword(s):  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Alcohol Policy ◽  
Alcohol Policies ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Alcohol Prices ◽  
Robust Evidence

This article reexamines the argument that alcohol policies were the major factor behind the mortality crisis in postsocialist Russia. We show that the correlation between the Gorbachev anti-alcohol campaign (rebound hypothesis), alcohol prices in the 1990s (affordability hypothesis), and mortality reported in previous analyses is not robust to splitting oblasts into Far-East and the rest of Russia. Our analysis conducted on a sample of 534 towns in the European part of Russia also finds no robust evidence supporting the two hypotheses. In contrast, findings linking privatization to mortality are robust to controlling for the anti-alcohol campaign and the affordability of alcohol.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE-BASED PRODUCTIVITY OF SUMMER WHEAT IN THE MAIN REGIONS OF ITS CULTIVATION IN RUSSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 68-87
Author(s):  
V.N. Pavlova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Far East ◽  
Vegetation Period ◽  
European Part ◽  
South Eastern ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Agroclimatic Resources

Agroclimatic resources in the main agricultural regions of Russia are changing at a substantial pace. The authors analyze the impact of these changes on the productivity of spring wheat with the technological trend excluded. This climate-based productivity was calculated via the Climate-Soil-Yield (CSY) simulation system with use of meteorological data from 315 observation points in the Roshydromet network for the period from 1976 to 2015. Provided evidence indicates the adequacy of this productivity modeling in the CSY system over a vast territory of the agricultural zone of Russia. Estimates of trends in agroclimatic indicators and climate-based productivity in the main grain-producing regions over the past four decades have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the average increase in air temperature during the vegetation period of spring wheat in 2006-2015 compared to 1976-1985 was from 1.6 to 2.3 °C in the North-Western regions of the European part (EP) of Russia and from 1.0 to 1.3 °C in the central and southern regions. The deficit of available water resources was especially pronounced in the main areas of spring wheat cultivation in the southern and South-Eastern regions of the EP of Russia. Analysis of trends in climate-based productivity of spring wheat by decades indicates different productivity responses to changes in agroclimatic resources in northern and southern regions of its growth. Over the period from 2006 to 2015, relative to 1961-1990, climate-based productivity decreased by 25-30 % in southern and south-eastern parts of European part of Russia and by 10 % in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. In the Urals and Western Siberia, the decrease of climate-based productivity is minor and ranges from 3 to 5 %. In Russia as a whole, trends towards warming caused a drop in the climate-based productivity of spring wheat by approximately 12 % from 1976 to 2015, i. e. the rate of its decline amounted to ~3 % per decade.

scholarly journals Review of the genus Toxeuma Walker, 1833 (Hymenoptera, Pteromalidae) from Russia, with a key to Palaearctic species

2021 ◽  
Vol 84 ◽  
pp. 391-403
Author(s):  
Ekaterina V. Tselikh ◽  
Natalie Dale-Skey
Keyword(s):  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
European Part ◽  
Eastern Siberia ◽  
Palaearctic Species ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Primorskii Region ◽  
The Russian Far East

Species of the genus Toxeuma Walker, 1833 from Russia are reviewed. A new species, Toxeuma leleji Tselikh, sp. nov., is described from the Russian Far East. Toxeuma fuscicorne Walker, 1833 and T. styliclava (Hedqvist, 1974) are recorded for the first time from Russia; Toxeuma acilius (Walker, 1848) – for the first time for Western and Eastern Siberia and the European part of Russia; Toxeuma paludum Graham, 1959 – for the first time for Western and Eastern Siberia; Toxeuma subtruncatum Graham, 1959 – for the first time for Primorskii Region. An identification key to females of all Palaearctic species of Toxeuma is provided.

Phylogenetic relationships among European and Asian representatives of the genus Aspidogaster Baer, 1827 (Trematoda: Aspidogastrea) inferred from molecular data

2017 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.M. Atopkin ◽  
M.B. Shedko ◽  
S.G. Sokolov ◽  
A.E. Zhokhov
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
European Part ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
Far Eastern ◽  
The Russian Far East

AbstractIn the present study, phylogenetic relationships of European and Far Eastern representatives of the genus Aspidogaster Baer, 1827 were analysed: A. conchicola Baer, 1827, A. limacoides Diesing, 1834, A. ijimai Kawamura, 1915 and A. chongqingensis Wei, Huang & Dai, 2001. Based on ITS1–5.8S–ITS2 rDNA sequence data, an obvious differentiation was seen between specimens of A. limacoides sensu stricto from the European part of Russia and A. limacoides sensu Chen et al., 2010 from China (13.7%); the latter parasites were recognized as A. chongqingensis. Aspidogaster chongqingensis was more closely related to A. ijimai than to A. limacoides s. str. Specimens of A. ijimai from the Amur River, Khanka Lake (Russian Far East) and China were grouped into a single clade with low intra specific molecular differentiation (d = 0–0.3%). Specimens of A. conchicola from the European part of Russia, the Russian Far East and China also formed a single distinct clade. Genetic differentiation between European and Chinese samples of this species was two times lower (d = 0.45%) than between Russian Far East and European or Chinese samples (d = 0.96%), suggesting a long-term separate existence of A. conchicola in the Russian Far East.

scholarly journals Etiology of epidemic outbreaks COVID-19 in Wuhan, Hubei province, Chinese People Republic associated with 2019-nCoV (Nidovirales, Coronaviridae, Coronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, Subgenus Sarbecovirus): lessons of SARS-CoV outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Lvov ◽  
S. V. Alkhovsky ◽  
L. V. Kolobukhina ◽  
E. I. Burtseva
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Far East ◽  
Respiratory Viruses ◽  
European Part ◽  
Influenza Viruses ◽  
Far East Of Russia ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Chinese People ◽  
The Far East ◽  
European Part Of Russia

Results of analysis of phylogenetic, virological, epidemiological, ecological, clinical data of COVID-19 outbreaks in Wuhan, China (PRC) in comparison with SARS-2002 and MERS-2012 outbreaks allow to conclude:– the etiological agent of COVID-19 is coronavirus (2019-CoV), phylogenetically close to the SARS-CoV, isolated from human, and SARS-related viruses isolated from bats (SARS-related bat CoV viruses). These viruses belong to the Sarbecovirus subgenus, Betacoronavirus genus, Orthocoronavirinae subfamily, Coronaviridae family (Cornidovirinea: Nidovirales). COVID-19 is a variant of SARS-2002 and is different from MERS-2012 outbreak, which were caused by coronavirus belonged to the subgenus Merbecovirus of the same genus;– according to the results of phylogenetic analysis of 35 different betacoronaviruses, isolated from human and from wild animals in 2002-2019, the natural source of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV (2002) is bats of Rhinolophus genus (Rhinolophidae) and, probably, some species of other genera. An additional reservoir of the virus could be an intermediate animal species (snakes, civet, hedgehogs, badgers, etc.) that are infected by eating of infected bats. SARS-like coronaviruses circulated in bats in the interepidemic period (2003-2019);– seasonal coronaviruses (subgenus Duvinacovirus, Alphacoronavirus) are currently circulating (November 2019– January 2020) in the European part of Russia, Urals, Siberia and the Far East of Russia, along with the influenza viruses A(H1N1)pdm09, A(H3N2), and В, as well as six other respiratory viruses (HPIV, HAdV, HRSV, HRV, HBoV, and HMPV)

Causes of ecosystem transformations variability in lakes of the european part of Russia and Western Siberia (diatom analysis)

2019 ◽  
pp. 79-82
Author(s):  
Lev V. Razumovsky
Keyword(s):  
Western Siberia ◽  
Graphical Analysis ◽  
European Part ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Climatic Region ◽  
Diatom Analysis ◽  
Lake Ecosystems ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
European Part Of Russia

On the basis of author's graphical analysis method, the typification of lake ecosystems transformation scenarios depending on the size of lakes was carried out. It was confirmed that the type of transformation depends not only on size of the lake, but also on the landscape and climatic region in which it is located. The distinctive features of lake ecosystems transformation types in the European part of Russia and in Western Siberia were analyzed and compared.

Аquatic and helophytic vegetation of the Yamozero Lake (The Komi Republic)

2011 ◽  
pp. 101-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yu. Teteryuk
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Plant Communities ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
European Part ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
Floristic Classification

The results of a sintaxonomical study of plant communities of the Yamozero lake (the North-East of the European part of Russia) are presented. The diversity of the aquatic and helophytic vegetation of the Yamozero lake consists of 16 associations and 2 communities of 6 unions, 4 orders and 2 classes of the floristic classification: Potamogetonetea (7 associations, 2 communities), Phragmito-Magnocaricetea (9 associations). Many of described associations are widely distributed in the Central and the Eastern Europe. Some associations have the boundaries of their ranges. Some communities include 2 rare species of regional level: Isoetes setacea and Sagittaria natans.

Peronosporales of Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station (Moscow Region)

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-100
Author(s):  
E. Yu. Blagoveshchenskaya
Keyword(s):  
Downy Mildew ◽  
European Part ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
State University ◽  
Biological Station ◽  
Annotated List ◽  
European Part Of Russia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Moscow State University

The paper provides the results of seven-year study of downy mildew on Skadovsky Zvenigorod Biological Station of Moscow State University (ZBS MSU, Moscow Region). A total of 29 species of Peronosporales (Oomycota) were revealed during the study. An annotated list of species is presented, among them Peronospora anemones is recorded for the first time for Russia, P. chelidonii and P. stachydis are new for the European part of Russia, 8 species are new for the Moscow Region.

Aquatic and helophyte vegetation of the Donty Lake (The Komi Republic)

2008 ◽  
pp. 76-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Yu. Teteryuk
Keyword(s):  
Plant Communities ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
European Part ◽  
Large Lake ◽  
Hydrophytic Vegetation ◽  
North East ◽  
European Part Of Russia

The results of a syntaxonomical study of plant communities of the large lake Donty (North-East of the European part of Russia) are presented. The diversity of hydrophytic vegetation has been classified into 3 classes (Lemnetea, Potametea and Phragmito-Magnocaricetea), 5 orders, 8 alliances, 20 associations and 1 community. Subasso­ciation Scolochloetum festucaceae caricetosum aquatilis is new. Communities of associations Caricetum aquatilis, Equisetetum fluviatilis, Potamo—Nupharetum luteae, Potametum perfo­liati are mostly wide distributed, while these of Phragmitetum communis, Scolochloetum festucaceae ones are relatively rare as well as Lemno—Spirodeletum polyrchizae, Elodeo—Potametum alpini, Potamo—Nupharetum pumilae, Potametum praelongi and Scirpetum lacustris are very rare. Some communities contain 2 regional rare species: Scolochloa festucacea and Ranunculus lingua.

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