ASSESSMENT OF CHANGES IN CLIMATE-BASED PRODUCTIVITY OF SUMMER WHEAT IN THE MAIN REGIONS OF ITS CULTIVATION IN RUSSIA

Agroclimatic resources in the main agricultural regions of Russia are changing at a substantial pace. The authors analyze the impact of these changes on the productivity of spring wheat with the technological trend excluded. This climate-based productivity was calculated via the Climate-Soil-Yield (CSY) simulation system with use of meteorological data from 315 observation points in the Roshydromet network for the period from 1976 to 2015. Provided evidence indicates the adequacy of this productivity modeling in the CSY system over a vast territory of the agricultural zone of Russia. Estimates of trends in agroclimatic indicators and climate-based productivity in the main grain-producing regions over the past four decades have been obtained. It is demonstrated that the average increase in air temperature during the vegetation period of spring wheat in 2006-2015 compared to 1976-1985 was from 1.6 to 2.3 °C in the North-Western regions of the European part (EP) of Russia and from 1.0 to 1.3 °C in the central and southern regions. The deficit of available water resources was especially pronounced in the main areas of spring wheat cultivation in the southern and South-Eastern regions of the EP of Russia. Analysis of trends in climate-based productivity of spring wheat by decades indicates different productivity responses to changes in agroclimatic resources in northern and southern regions of its growth. Over the period from 2006 to 2015, relative to 1961-1990, climate-based productivity decreased by 25-30 % in southern and south-eastern parts of European part of Russia and by 10 % in Eastern Siberia and the Far East. In the Urals and Western Siberia, the decrease of climate-based productivity is minor and ranges from 3 to 5 %. In Russia as a whole, trends towards warming caused a drop in the climate-based productivity of spring wheat by approximately 12 % from 1976 to 2015, i. e. the rate of its decline amounted to ~3 % per decade.

AGROCLIMATIC RESOURCES OF TEMPERATURE AND HUMIDITY, AND THEIR DYNAMICS IN THE TERRITORY OF THE UDMURT REPUBLIC

For assessment of the dynamics of most prominent agroclimatic resources, the dates of the steady temperature transitions through 0, 5, 10, 15 °С and the sums of effective temperatures on the Izhevsk meteorological station over the period 1933-2018 were calculated. The values of the Ped index were determined for the whole territory of the Udmurt Republic according to data of 8 meteorological stations over the period 1961-2018. The dynamics of these parameters was analyzed. It was found out that the duration of the vegetation period increases, and the sum of active temperatures increases, reaching the maximum values in the last decade. At the same time, during the active warming phase, there is a tendency towards the increase of aridity of the vegetation period.

Analysis of agroclimatic resources for Georgian viticulture

One of the results of the “Research Project for the Study of Georgian Grapes and Wine Culture” promoted by the National Wine Agency of the Republic of Georgia was the production of a bilingual handbook for modern viticulture. The first sections of the handbook were devoted to the agrometeorological analysis of environmental resources and limitations, comprising a general analysis of Georgian climate and agrometeorological features, followed by detailed regional cards. The agrometeorological analysis of Georgia was based on daily data collected by National and International networks for the period 1974-2013. Several agrometeorological indexes were calculated in order to define resources and limitations for viticulture for each viticultural region of Georgia, providing fundamental information for grape-growing and wine-making.

Agroclimatic zoning of the northern grain-producing territory of Kazakhstan

Introduction. The existing agroclimatic handbooks in Kazakhstan are outdated in informational and technological relation. Therefore it is necessary to conduct reassessment of agroclimatic resources. Purpose. The agroclimatic zoning of the territory of northern Kazakhstan in terms of heat supply and moisture content. Methods. Data of meteorological stations over 1981-2014 were used. Methods of statistic and climatologic processing of data were applied. Agroclimatic maps were developed using the ArcGIS 10.1 software. Results. Analysis of spatial distribution of values of moisture coefficient K and sums of active air temperatures above 10оC provided an opportunity to single out 6 agroclimatic zones of plain territory of Kazakhstan. Zones from 3 to 6 are subdivided into two types in terms of thermal conditions. There are 3 agroclimatic zones singled out within the territory of North Kazakhstan Region, 4 zones – in Kostanai region, 4 zones – in Akmola region, 2 zones – in Pavlodar region. Distribution of drought characteristics, hot dry winds and climatic terms for beginning of spring field works within Akmola region's agroclimatic zones was given as an example for systematization of spatial distribution of respective values. The first zone with moderately humid and moderately warm climate has severe droughts with recurrence of 2%, hot winds of moderate intensity are observed during 2-3 days, climatic terms for beginning of spring field works fall on 15th-19th of May. The fourth zone with moderately dry and warm climate has severe droughts with recurrence of 30-35%, hot winds of moderate intensity are observed during 20-25 days, climatic terms for beginning of spring field works fall on 5th-7th of May. Conclusions. There are 3 agroclimatic zones singled out within the territory of North Kazakhstan Region, 4 zones – in Kostanai region, 4 zones – in Akmola region, 2 zones – in Pavlodar region.

Agroclimatic resources of Nizhnevartovsk region of KHMAO-Yugra

Evaluation of agroclimatic resources of Nizhnevartovsk region of KHMAO-Yugra was made on the basis of observed meteorological data of 15 meteorological posts for the period 2005-2016. According to conducted calculations was made agroclimatic zoning and the detailed description of the selected districts. It is shown that the territory of Nizhnevartovsk district has favorable climatic conditions for development of dairy and dairy-meat cattle breeding combined with the cultivation of crops zoned for the territory of Western Siberia.