scholarly journals Nominative technique, a simple tool for assessing illegal wildlife consumption

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Davis ◽  
Brian Crudge ◽  
Jenny Anne Glikman
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Bear Bile ◽  
Collection Methods

To test the efficacy of nominative technique within a small sample, we performed a total of 179 semi-structured interviews in Luang Prabang, northern Laos, in August 2017 and April 2019, using the domestic consumption of bears in northern Lao People’s Democratic Republic (hereafter Laos) as our case study. We also assessed whether the specialised questioning technique of nominative technique could be used within qualitative data collection methods, such as semi-structured interviews. The technique theoretically ensures more accurate statements of illegal wildlife consumption behaviour, by maintaining the anonymity of an individual’s sensitive behaviour through asking about the behaviour of peers. We also directly asked about participants’ use of bear bile. Nominative technique showed that approximately 11% of the participants’ peers used bear products, with respondents’ direct admittance of using bear bile was nearly double, at 23%. Use of bear parts appears to not be sensitive in northern Laos. In addition, a strong association was found between nominative technique and direct questioning responses, which indicates that users of bear parts have social networks with higher levels of use. This lends supports to theories that use of wildlife products is directly influenced by the social group. The underreporting found through nominative technique indicates the high variability of response that can occur within small samples; however, these results show that nominative technique may be a simple, useful tool for triangulating data, assessing users’ integration into social networks of use, and assessing changes in behaviour prevalence.

scholarly journals The nominative technique: a simple tool for assessing illegal wildlife consumption

Oryx ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Elizabeth Oneita Davis ◽  
Brian Crudge ◽  
Jenny Anne Glikman
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Helarctos Malayanus ◽  
Levels Of Use ◽  
Collection Methods

Abstract The aim of our study was to test the efficacy of the nominative technique for estimating the prevalence of wildlife part use within a small sample. We used the domestic consumption of bear Ursus thibetanus and Helarctos malayanus parts in Lao People's Democratic Republic (Laos) as a case study and performed 179 semi-structured interviews in Luang Prabang, northern Laos, in August 2017 and April 2019. We also assessed whether the specialized questioning of the nominative technique could be used for qualitative data collection methods, such as semi-structured interviews. The technique theoretically ensures more accurate statements of illegal wildlife consumption by maintaining the anonymity of an individual's sensitive behaviour through asking about the behaviour of peers. We also directly asked about participants’ use of bear parts. The nominative technique suggested that c. 11% of the participants’ peers used bear parts, whereas respondents’ direct admittance of using bear parts was approximately double, at 23%. Use of bear parts appears not to be sensitive in northern Laos. In addition, we found a strong association between responses to questioning using the nominative technique and direct questioning, indicating that users of bear parts have social networks with higher levels of use. This lends supports to theories that use of wildlife products is directly influenced by social group. The underreporting resulting from use of the nominative technique indicates the high variability of response that can occur within small samples. However, our results show that the nominative technique may be a simple, useful tool for triangulating data, assessing users’ integration into social networks of use, and assessing changes in behaviour prevalence.

Resilience and Support Networks for University Students with Disabilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 164
Author(s):  
María Leonila García Cedeño ◽  
Anicia Katherine Tarazona Meza ◽  
Robert Gonzalo Cedeño Mejía
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
University Students ◽  
Students With Disabilities ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Pearson Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Disabled Students ◽  
The Social ◽  
Student Resilience

Resilience is a phenomenon that can be studied in catastrophic situations but also in everyday matters such as disability, this being an alternative way of working in the environment that requires the adaptation of the social networks that contain and support people with this condition. The research was conducted at the Technical University of Manabí applied to the population of students with disabilities. The paper presents an analysis of support networks and their relationship with student resilience. The results related to the application of the Saavedra-Villalta test are shown, which allowed to correlate the level of resilience of the sample studied with the support networks. An analysis linked to the interpretation of the Pearson correlation coefficient is presented. The result obtained is presented by applying semi-structured interviews to a sample of 48 disabled students.

The Mechanism of Entrepreneurs’ Social Networks on Innovative Startups’ Innovation Performance Considering the Moderating Effect of the Entrepreneurial Competence and Motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Junguang Gao ◽  
Yuan Cheng ◽  
Hui He ◽  
Fuzhen Gu
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Network Theory ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Innovation Performance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Resource Based View ◽  
External Resources ◽  
Mechanism Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
Internal Mechanism

Abstract Innovative startups can bring many benefits to society. Drawing on the social network theory (SNT) and resource-based view (RBV), with mix methods approach, this paper argues that as the primary path for startups acquiring external resources, social networks are beneficial to improving innovative startups’ innovation performance. Using a large amount of data from GEM (Global Entrepreneurship Monitor), this paper first runs correlation analysis and regression analysis to empirically analyze entrepreneurs’ social networks’ impact on China’s innovative startups’ innovation performance. The results show that both formal and informal social networks are positively correlated with innovative startups’ innovation performance. Then we consider the moderating effect of entrepreneurial competence and motivation. And the results show both entrepreneurial competence and motivation positively moderate the correlation above. Second, to explore the above correlation’s internal mechanism, we conduct semi-structured interviews with 14 entrepreneurs. Drawing on the resource management theory (RMT) and the process of cross-border knowledge search and assimilation, the mechanism model of entrepreneurs’ social networks on startups’ innovation performance is proposed through content analysis.

Strangers in a Strange Land?: (Re)Constructing ‘Irishness’ in a Northern English Town

2002 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-76
Author(s):  
Noel Gilzean ◽  
James W. McAuley
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Social Interest ◽  
Social Experience ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Political Relationships ◽  
The Social ◽  
Irish Identity ◽  
Physical Construction

This is a case study of the social and physical construction of an ‘Irish’ community in an English town. It asks how or why members of this community migrated and how they construct contemporary images of ‘home’. The article draws on semi-structured interviews and conversations with members of the contemporary Irish community in Huddersfield, including Irish-born and second-generation Irish respondents. We find that their sense of Irish identity is complex, encompassing the totality of social experience, much of which is influenced by often competing interpretations of social and political relationships and understandings of history. What constitutes Irish identity in Huddersfield is determined not just by these factors, but also by the ways in which individuals are socialised as members of different families, neighbourhoods, workplace or other social interest groups.

scholarly journals Enhancing Year 7 and Year 8 Boys' Motivation in Narrative Writing Through Peer Collaboration and a Drama Strategy: a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Karen Coulton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Cultural Influences ◽  
Role Playing ◽  
Thought Processes ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Intermediate School ◽  
The Social ◽  
Drama Intervention ◽  
Motivation And Learning

<p>International and New Zealand research continues to show that there is concern about boys being less successful than girls in writing at all levels of the school. This study examines to what extent year 7 and year 8 boys are motivated to advance their writing when they collaborate with a peer and choose to use a drama strategy. A qualitative approach was taken to explore the insiders‟ view of writing from eight year 7 and year 8 boys in an intermediate school in New Zealand. Data gathered were from semi-structured interviews, in class observations and samples of writing. Sociocultural theory was used to inform the investigation of the social and cultural influences on the boys‟ learning about writing. The findings illustrate that the drama intervention was successful as the boys were motivated to write through their social interaction of role- playing characters from a choice of topics represented in their everyday lives. The boys revealed their metacognitive knowledge by showing their awareness of their thought processes about writing and how to use this knowledge to develop their writing abilities. The study makes recommendations for teachers, including the need for teachers to recognise the boys‟ position of authority over their knowledge, which is essential for their motivation and learning to write successfully.</p>

scholarly journals The Social Networks and Social Support of Siblings of Children with Cancer

Children ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Wawrzynski ◽  
Melissa A. Alderfer ◽  
Whitney Kvistad ◽  
Lauri Linder ◽  
Maija Reblin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Network Size ◽  
Support Networks ◽  
Support Network ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Children With Cancer ◽  
Network Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Need Support ◽  
Sources Of Support

Siblings of children with cancer need support to ameliorate the challenges they encounter; however, little is known about what types and sources of support exist for siblings. This study addresses this gap in our understanding of the social networks and sources of support for adolescents with a brother or sister who has cancer. Additionally, we describe how the support siblings receive addresses what they feel are the hardest aspects of being a sibling of a child with cancer. During semi-structured interviews, siblings (ages 12–17) constructed ecomaps describing their support networks. Data were coded for support type (emotional, instrumental, informational, validation, companionship) and support provider (e.g., mother, teacher, friend). Network characteristics and patterns of support were explored. Support network size ranged from 3 to 10 individuals (M = 6 ± 1.9); siblings most frequently reported mothers as sources of support (n = 22, 91.7%), followed by fathers (n = 19, 79.2%), close friends (n = 19, 79.2%) and siblings (with or without cancer) (n = 17, 70.8%). Friends and brothers or sisters most often provided validation and companionship while instrumental and informational supports came from parents. This study provides foundational knowledge about siblings’ support networks, which can be utilized to design interventions that improve support for siblings of children with cancer.

scholarly journals Religion and Poverty Reduction: A Case Study of Coastal Communities in Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi

Al-Ulum ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Work Ethic ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
South Sulawesi ◽  
The Social ◽  
Role Of Religion ◽  
Collection Methods ◽  
Acquisition Technique

This paper focuses on examining the role of religion in improving the work ethic of fishing communities in Takalar Regency. The approach used in this research is the Socio-theological Approach (Social monotheism). The social theological approach is a method or method used to link the sociological level of religious or divine society in order to analyze and reveal data on the reality under study. The data acquisition technique is to use data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews and documentation. The results of this study indicate that religion (Islam) plays a role in building work ethic. Poverty can make a person disbelieve in his Lord. Islam teaches its adherents to share with those who are entitled in terms of the theological concept of zakat as poverty alleviation and as a means of realizing social welfare. Islam does not close the space for its adherents to achieve economic prosperity. The framework of monotheism in Islamic teachings has outlined social involvement for its followers to always care and help others.

‘There is no sincerer love than the love of food’ (George Bernard Shaw, 1903): The meaning of food and its uses in prison subculture

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomer Einat ◽  
Moran Davidian
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Food Products ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Maximum Security ◽  
Maximum Security Prison ◽  
The Social ◽  
Bernard Shaw

This study examines the ways in which the prison service handles food and analyses the uses and meanings of food in prison subculture. Using semi-structured interviews and content analysis, data were collected and analysed from 20 ex-prisoners who were incarcerated in maximum-security prison facilities for a period of three years or more. Our main findings are that, according to the interviewees’ testimonies, (a) the Israel Prison Service (IPS) makes manipulative and abusive use of food in order to perpetuate its power; and (b) food serves as a means to determine the relationship between prisoners and staff, govern social status or rejection in the prison subculture, or pass the time. We have four main conclusions. First, the IPS nutrition policy differentiates and discriminates among prisoners and clearly violates the basic human rights of prisoners, thus suggesting an abuse of power. Second, the IPS’s use of food as a tool for punishing or rewarding introduces and perpetuates inequalities and encourages the illegal prison trade in food and food products. Third, cooking in prison, especially in light of its illegality, constitutes a symbolic expression of resistance to the institution and a meaningful way of coping with boredom. Lastly, food and its possession in prison serve as very powerful tools for constructing and perpetuating exploitation and unequal power relations among prisoners. Although the study suffers from two limitations – the validity of the adolescents’ responses and the small sample size – its findings lead us to propose that an improvement in the food products that are accessible to prisoners and permission to cook in their cells are inexpensive and legitimate means of bettering both the prisoners’ quality of life and the social atmosphere in prison.

Exploring digital servitization trajectories within product–service–software space

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juliana Hsuan ◽  
Marin Jovanovic ◽  
Diego Honorato Clemente
Keyword(s):  
Small Sample Size ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Software Systems ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Digital Ecosystem ◽  
Product Service ◽  
Practical Implications ◽  
Mapping Exercise

PurposeThis study shows various pathways manufacturers can take when embarking on digital servitization (DS) journeys. It builds on the DS and modularity literature to map the strategic trajectories of product–service–software (PSSw) configurations.Design/methodology/approachThe study is exploratory and based on the inductive theory building method. The empirical data were gathered through a workshop with focus groups of 15 servitization manufacturers (with 22 respondents), an on-site workshop (in-depth case study), semi-structured interviews, observations and document study of archival data.FindingsThe DS trajectories are idiosyncratic and dependent on design architectures of PSSw modules, balancing choices between standardization and innovation. The adoption of software systems depends on the maturity of the industry-specific digital ecosystem. Decomposition and integration of PSSw modules facilitate DS transition through business model modularity. Seven testable propositions are presented.Research limitations/implicationsWith the small sample size from different industries and one in-depth case study, generalizing the findings was not possible.Practical implicationsThe mapping exercise is powerful when top management from different functional departments can participate together to share their expertise and achieve consensus. It logs the “states” that the manufacturer undergoes over time.Originality/valueThe Digital Servitization Cube serves as a conceptual framework for manufacturers to systematically map and categorize their current and future PSSw strategies. It bridges the cross-disciplinary theoretical discussion in DS.

A school in distress: The manifestations of poverty at a selected satellite school in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-60
Author(s):  
Kudzayi Savious Tarisayi
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Social ◽  
Extra Curricular Activities ◽  
Additional Funding ◽  
Satellite Schools ◽  
Year 2000

Although there is a plethora of studies on poverty in schools, poverty in satellite schools in Zimbabwe remains a neglected phenomenon. Satellite schools are newly established temporary schools which are attached to a registered school. This paper derives from a study that focused on the social capital influences of communal farmers and land reform beneficiaries on satellite schools in the Masvingo district, Zimbabwe after the year 2000. The study drew on the capability approach by Sen (2000) and the poverty pyramid by Baulch (2011). The study was qualitative and it was positioned in the interpretive paradigm. The paper reports on one case study of communal farmers in the Masvingo district. Four semi-structured interviews and a focus group discussion with a purposive sample of ten participants were carried out in the Sambo community. Qualitative content analysis was utilized to analyse the findings and draw conclusions. The manifestations of poverty at Sambo satellite school were infrastructure challenges; physical resources allocation; a natural resource challenge; and learners’ participation in extra-curricular activities with other schools. Due to a multiplicity of manifestations of poverty, Sambo satellite school was clearly in distress. It is recommended that the Zimbabwean government provide additional funding to support satellite schools that are located in poor, environmentally challenging contexts.

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