scholarly journals Routes to improved mortality monitoring: Evidence from the Kerala MARANAM Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Sneha Mani
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sample Registration System

Despite having universal mortality registration, vital registration systems in many regions of contemporary developing countries do not receive adequate attention. Using individual-level vital-registration data on more than 2.8 million deaths between 2006 and 2017 from the Kerala MARANAM (Mortality and Registration Assessment and Monitoring) Study, we examine completeness of vital statistics and reliability of mortality rates estimated using them. Our findings show that age-specific mortality rates obtained from vital statistics system in Kerala, a comparatively low-mortality context in a low- and middle-income setting, are more reliable than the ones estimated by India's Sample Registration System. This is particularly true for ages where mortality is low, and for women. Using these data we provide the first set of annual sex-specific life-tables for any state in India. We find that life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years for women in 2017, and 71.4 years for men. Although Kerala is unique in many ways, our findings strengthen the case for more attention to mortality records within developing countries, and for their better dissemination by government agencies.

scholarly journals Assessing mortality registration in Kerala: the MARANAM study

Genus ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aashish Gupta ◽  
Sneha Sarah Mani
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Low And Middle Income

AbstractComplete or improving civil registration systems in sub-national areas in low- and middle-income countries provide several opportunities to better understand population health and its determinants. In this article, we provide an assessment of vital statistics in Kerala, India. Kerala is home to more than 33 million people and is a comparatively low-mortality context. We use individual-level vital registration data on more than 2.8 million deaths between 2006 and 2017 from the Kerala MARANAM (Mortality and Registration Assessment and Monitoring) Study. Comparing age-specific mortality rates from the Civil Registration System (CRS) to those from the Sample Registration System (SRS), we do not find evidence that the CRS underestimates mortality. Instead, CRS rates are smoother across ages and less variable across periods. In particular, the CRS records higher death rates than the SRS for ages, where mortality is usually low and for women. Using these data, we provide the first set of annual sex-specific life tables for any state in India. We find that life expectancy at birth was 77.9 years for women in 2017 and 71.4 years for men. Although Kerala is unique in many ways, our findings strengthen the case for more careful attention to mortality records within low- and middle-income countries, and for their better dissemination by government agencies.

scholarly journals An Association of Total Health Expenditure with GDP and Life Expectancy

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. AU7-AU12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sojib Bin Zaman ◽  
Naznin Hossain ◽  
Varshil Mehta ◽  
Shuchita Sharmin ◽  
Shakeel Ahmed Ibne Mahmood
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Gross Domestic Product ◽  
Health Expenditure ◽  
Health Spending ◽  
Domestic Product ◽  
Fiscal Year ◽  
Total Health Expenditure ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Individual Level

Introduction: Gradual  total health expenditure (THE) has become a major concern. It is not only the increased THE, but also its unequal growth in  overall economy, found among the developing countries. If increased life expectancy is considered as a leverage for an individual’s investment in health services, it can be  expected that as the life expectancy increases, tendency of health care investment will also experience a boost up. Objective: The aim of the present study was to explore and identify the association of healthcare expenditure with the life expectancy and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in developing countries, especially that of Bangladesh. Methodology: Data were retrospectively collected from “Health Bulletin 2011” and “Sample Vital Registration System 2010” of Bangladesh considering the fiscal year 1996 to fiscal year 2006. Using STATA, multivariable logistic regression was performed to find out the association of total health expenditure with GDP and life expectancy. Results: A direct relationship between GDP and total health expenditure was found through analysing the data. At the individual level, income  had a direct influence on health spending. However, there was no significant relationship between total health expenditure with increased life expectancy. Conclusion: The present study did not find any association between life expectancy and total health expenditure. However, our analysis found out that total health expenditure is more sensitive to gross domestic product rather than life expectancy.

In Reply: International Statistics—Incomparable

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 637-637
Author(s):  
EMBRY M. HOWELL ◽  
PAUL VERT
Keyword(s):  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Health Ministry ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System

Dr Sepkowitz makes several correct points about the French vital registration system that leads to incomparability with Michigan vital statistics. • Definitions of fetal deaths are dissimilar. The French registration system ignores fetal deaths at less than 28 weeks gestation. • In France, it is the responsibility of parents to register births. • France has had a unique category of "deaths before registration." However, he is incorrect in suggesting that these differences affected the results reported in our article. It is precisely for these reasons that we did not use data from the French vital registration system. Instead we used data that were carefully collected during a 1-year period in Lorraine's hospitals under the direction of the French Health Ministry that directly controls French hospitals.

scholarly journals Socioeconomic inequality in life expectancy in India

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. e001445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miqdad Asaria ◽  
Sumit Mazumdar ◽  
Samik Chowdhury ◽  
Papiya Mazumdar ◽  
Abhiroop Mukhopadhyay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Health Inequalities ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Wealth Distribution ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Mortality Data ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth

IntroductionConcern for health inequalities is an important driver of health policy in India; however, much of the empirical evidence regarding health inequalities in the country is piecemeal focusing only on specific diseases or on access to particular treatments. This study estimates inequalities in health across the whole life course for the entire Indian population. These estimates are used to calculate the socioeconomic disparities in life expectancy at birth in the population.MethodsPopulation mortality data from the Indian Sample Registration System were combined with data on mortality rates by wealth quintile from the National Family Health Survey to calculate wealth quintile specific mortality rates. Results were calculated separately for males and females as well as for urban and rural populations. Life tables were constructed for each subpopulation and used to calculate distributions of life expectancy at birth by wealth quintile. Absolute gap and relative gap indices of inequality were used to quantify the health disparity in terms of life expectancy at birth between the richest and poorest fifths of households.ResultsLife expectancy at birth was 65.1 years for the poorest fifth of households in India as compared with 72.7 years for the richest fifth of households. This constituted an absolute gap of 7.6 years and a relative gap of 11.7 %. Women had both higher life expectancy at birth and narrower wealth-related disparities in life expectancy than men. Life expectancy at birth was higher across the wealth distribution in urban households as compared with rural households with inequalities in life expectancy widest for men living in urban areas and narrowest for women living in urban areas.ConclusionAs India progresses towards Universal Health Coverage, the baseline social distributions of health estimated in this study will allow policy makers to target and monitor the health equity impacts of health policies introduced.

Tropical Epidemiology: A System for Continuous Demographic Monitoring of a Study Population

1989 ◽  
Vol 28 (03) ◽  
pp. 155-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Stephens ◽  
P. L. Alonso ◽  
P. Byass ◽  
R. W. Snow
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Database Management System ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Epidemiological Research ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Vital Registration System ◽  
Epidemiological Tool ◽  
Study Population ◽  
On Line ◽  
Three Stages

Abstract:Epidemiologists in many developing countries, where official demographic services are unavailable, have to include some demographic functions in their work. The usual method of documenting a study population for epidemiological research in a developing country consists of three stages: mapping, enumeration and vital registration. This paper considers the last element of this process, detailing the development of a suitable data system and explaining how its implementation using microcomputers and a database management system can help in the creation of an on-line continuous vital registration system for a study population as an epidemiological tool. The issues covered are data collection, entry and analysis, and the advantages of such a system for use in epidemiological research in developing countries are also discussed.

Annual Summary of Vital Statistics—1992

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 743-754
Author(s):  
Myron E. Wegman
Keyword(s):  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Death Rate ◽  
Divorce Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Natural Increase ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
The Us

A new low in the infant mortality rate was reached in 1992, at 848.7 deaths per 100 000 live births, a decline of 5% from 894.4 in 1991. Birth, death, and marriage rates were also lower, but the divorce rate inched up to 4.8 per 1000 population, the same level as in 1988. The age-adjusted death rate was 504.9 per 100 000 population, the lowest in US history. Natural increase in the population, excess of births over deaths, decreased from 1 941 389 to 1 907 000, from 7.7 to 7.5 per 1000 population. Births outside hospital were fewer, both in numbers and in proportion to all births. Birth rates increased at both ends of the age range but declined in the principal childbearing years. Births to unmarried mothers increased again, comprising more than one fifth of white births and two thirds of black births. A higher proportion of newborns weighed less than 2500 g than in 1989. Life expectancy at birth increased again, to 75.7 years overall, paralleled in both sexes and white and black races. The age-adjusted death rate for cardiovascular diseases declined, but malignancies of the respiratory system increased again, to almost six times what it was in 1940. Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, despite slight improvement since 1991, caused death more than eight times as often as in 1940. Black and white infant mortality rates both showed a decline, greater in the white neonatal component; the black/white discrepancy widened slightly. Infant mortality in those of Hispanic origin was slightly higher than non-Hispanic whites, but the National Center for Health Statistics warns that Hispanic rates may be understated. There was little change in causes of infant mortality, or in black to white ratios for the several causes. On the world scene, most industrialized countries showed declines in infant mortality matching the US. In 1991, 21 countries, 15 in Europe, 3 in Asia, 2 in Oceania, and 1 in North America, had infant mortality rates less than the US. The decline in most other countries has been more rapid than in the US.

scholarly journals Imbalance in Life Table: Effect of Infant Mortality on Lower Life Expectancy at Birth

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 479-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Fazle Rabbi
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Infant Mortality ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Surveillance System ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Demographic Surveillance System ◽  
Infant Mortality Rate ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Infant And Child Mortality

Life expectancy at birth is a well-known demographic measure of population longevity. Rationally, life expectancy at birth should be higher than life expectancy at any particular age. However, historically, lower life expectancy at birth is observed than that of age one, which diminishes the feature of life expectancy at birth as a prominent indicator of longevity. High infant and child mortality rates result in lower values of life expectancy at birth than at older ages. This imbalance in life table disappears only when the crossover occurs and it happens when the inverse of the infant mortality becomes equal to the life expectancy at age one. For Matlab Health and Demographic surveillance system of Bangladesh, life expectancy at age one is still higher than life expectancy at birth. Required infant mortality rate to achieve crossover suggests further decline in infant mortality for Matlab HDSS to attain crossover of life expectancy at birth and age one. Keywords: Life expectancies; Developing countries; Imbalance; Life table.  © 2013 JSR Publications. ISSN: 2070-0237 (Print); 2070-0245 (Online). All rights reserved.  doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jsr.v5i3.14105 J. Sci. Res. 5 (3), 479-488 (2013)

scholarly journals A new model for estimating district life expectancy at birth in India, with special reference to Assam state

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 180
Author(s):  
Rajan Sarma ◽  
Labananda Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
South Asian ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Life Tables ◽  
Important Indicator ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Sample Registration System ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Life expectancy at birth (e0) is considered as an important indicator of the mortality level of a population. In India, direct estimation of e0 is not possible due to incomplete death registration. The Sample Registration System (SRS) of India provides information on e0 only for the 16 major states. Estimates of e0 for the districts are not available. Using data from the Coale-Demeny West model life tables, United Nations South Asian model life tables, and SRS life tables of India and its major states, the paper shows that the relationship between life expectancy at age one (e0) and the probability of surviving to age one (l1) is linear, and the relationship between e0 and l1 is quadratic. From the quadratic relationship between e0 and l1, an attempt is made to estimate e0 for some selected districts of India for 2001 and 2010, using estimated l1 from 2001 census data and Annual Health Survey (2010–11) data.

scholarly journals National, regional and global mortality due to alcoholic cardiomyopathy in 2015

Heart ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (20) ◽  
pp. 1663-1669 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakob Manthey ◽  
Charlotte Probst ◽  
Margaret Rylett ◽  
Jürgen Rehm
Keyword(s):  
Input Data ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorders ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Vital Statistics ◽  
Alcoholic Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Civil Registration ◽  
Registration Data ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Specific Mortality ◽  
Mortality Estimates

Objectives(1) A comprehensive mortality assessment of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and (2) examination of under-reporting using vital statistics data.MethodsA modelling study estimated sex-specific mortality rates for each country, which were subsequently aggregated by region and globally. Input data on ACM mortality were obtained from death registries for n=91 countries. For n=99 countries, mortality estimates were predicted using aggregate alcohol data from WHO publications. Descriptive additional analyses illustrated the scope of under-reporting.ResultsIn 2015, there were an estimated 25 997 (95% CI 17 385 to 49 096) global deaths from ACM. This translates into 6.3% (95% CI 4.2% to 11.9%) of all global deaths from cardiomyopathy being caused by alcohol. There were large regional variations with regard to mortality burden. While the majority of ACM deaths were found in Russia (19 749 deaths, 76.0% of all ACM deaths), for about one-third of countries (n=57) less than one ACM death was found. Under-reporting was identified for nearly every second country with civil registration data. Overall, two out of three global ACM deaths might be misclassified.ConclusionsThe variation of ACM mortality burden is greater than for other alcohol-attributable diseases, and partly may be the result of stigma and lack of detection. Misclassification of ACM fatalities is a systematic phenomenon, which may be caused by low resources, lacking standards and stigma associated with alcohol-use disorders. Clinical management may be improved by including routine alcohol assessments. This could contribute to decrease misclassifications and to provide the best available treatment for affected patients.

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