scholarly journals Licensed professions: a new look at the association between social origins and educational attainments in Italy Working

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruggera
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Fields Of Study

This article investigates the association between social origins and education by focusing on fields of study within tertiary education and by disaggregating the upper class of social origin into different meso-classes and micro-classes of professionals. It has long been known that Italy is characterised by the highest levels of professional regulation in Europe, but little attention has been given to the link between professional regulation and educational stratification. This paper therefore analyses micro-dynamics of professionals’ social reproduction in Italy. These processes of intergenerational mobility come to light in the first place by linking micro-classes of social origin to fields of study. Using ISTAT’s “Sbocchi Professionali dei Laureati” survey (2011) and employing multinomial logistic regression analyses, this article demonstrates how social selection into highly regulated fields of study is guided by parents’ profession domains; sons and daughters of professionals are analysed separately. Finally, insights into an additional distinction between employed and self-employed professionals’ social reproduction are also offered.

scholarly journals Licensed professions: a new look at the association between social origins and educational attainments in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruggera
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractIt has long been known that Italy is characterized by the highest levels of professional regulation in Europe, but little attention has been given to the link between professional regulation and educational stratification. This article investigates the association between social origins and education by focusing on fields of study within tertiary education and by disaggregating the upper class of social origin into different micro-classes of professionals. Thus, since these professions are regulated in the first place by educational fields of study, it assesses how processes of social closure enhance occupational intergenerational immobility in the professional employment in Italy. Recently, deregulation of liberal professions in Italy has been central in many public and political debates. It contributes to these debates by examining the micro-level dynamics in the professionals’ social reproduction and related practises of social exclusion, which may have strong implications for policy interventions. By using ISTAT’s “Sbocchi Professionali dei Laureati” survey (2011), and employing multinomial logistic regressions, it shows how social selection into highly regulated fields of study is guided by parents’ professional domain. The analyses indicate that both sons and daughters of licensed professionals are more inclined to graduate in a field of study that is in line with the father’s profession and that this propensity is stronger among children of regulated self-employed professionals.

scholarly journals The Role of Cultural Capital in Higher Education Access and Institutional Choice

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 149-169
Author(s):  
Iva Košutić
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Cultural Capital ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Educational Decisions ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Education Aspirations

This paper aims to explore social inequalities in school achievement and educational decision-making of the final-year students of secondary schools in the City of Zagreb and Zagreb County, Croatia (N = 534). The theoretical framework of the paper was Bourdieu’s theory of cultural and social reproduction (1977a). The main objectives were an analysis of the association between the students’ cultural capital and their school achievement and analyses of the predictive power of the cultural capital theory in the context of educational decisions in the transition to tertiary education. In the analysis of school achievement, sequential multiple regression analysis was used, while in the analyses of educational decisionslogistic regression analyses were performed (binary and multinomial logistic regression). The results indicated that cultural capital had statistically significant correlation with school performance. Among the cultural capital indicators, statistically significant predictors of the probability of the intention to enrol into vocational higher education were the material dimension of cultural capital and naturalness of higher education aspirations of students. For the prediction of the probability of intention to enrol in university, significant predictors were embodied cultural capital, the naturalness of higher education aspirations of students, and father’s educational level. The study results on a selected sample of graduates tendto support Bourdieu’s theory of cultural reproduction through education.

scholarly journals The path from social origins to top jobs: social reproduction via education

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Parsons ◽  
Francis Green ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins ◽  
George Ploubidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Origins

scholarly journals The path from social origins to top jobs: social reproduction via education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Parsons ◽  
Francis Green ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins ◽  
George Ploubidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Past Research ◽  
School Level ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper provides a comprehensive account of the way in which cognitive and educational attainment mediate the link between social origins and elite social class destinations in mid-life. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), we assess the roles of a range of pathways through which educational advantage may lead to occupational attainment: cognitive development; private and selective secondary schools; school level qualifications; and higher education, including institution and field of study. Whereas past research has shown a residual direct effect of social origins on class destinations, we find that, once a sufficiently detailed picture of educational attainment is taken into account, education fully explains the link between social origins and top social class destinations. In contrast, the gap between men and women in achieving top social class positions is in no part accounted for by education.

The Social-Origins Gap in Labour Market Outcomes: Compensatory and Boosting Advantages Using a Micro-Class Approach

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrizio Bernardi ◽  
Carlos J Gil-Hernández
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
College Graduates ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Downward Mobility ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Labour Market Outcomes ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Low Educated

Abstract Recent studies document a social-origins gap or direct effect of social origin (DESO) on labour market outcomes over and above respondents’ education, challenging the idea that post-industrial societies are education-based meritocracies. Yet, the literature offers insufficient explanations on DESO heterogeneity across education and different labour market outcomes. Little is also known about underlying mechanisms. We contribute by answering two questions: (i) How does DESO vary when comparing college-degree holders with non-holders? (ii) For which specific parental and children’s occupations is the largest DESO observed? We focus on Spain, using a large new dataset (n = 144,286). Firstly, we find a larger DESO on socioeconomic status among non-degree holders, and on income among degree holders. We propose the notions of compensatory advantage in occupational attainment and boosting advantage in income for high social-origin individuals to explain these opposite patterns, drawing from ‘downward mobility avoidance’ and ‘effectively maintained inequality’ theories. Secondly, we map origin and destination micro-classes where DESO is largest. High-grade managerial and professional parental occupations, characterized by social closure and influence in large organizations, are the origin micro-classes exerting the largest DESO. We also find that compensatory advantage for low-educated children from advantaged origins is related to their higher chances of accessing managerial occupations, while boosting advantage on income among college graduates is observed for high-grade managers and liberal professionals, suggesting that micro-class reproduction may partially account for boosting advantage. We conclude by discussing the generalizability of our findings to other countries and their implications for research on DESO, meritocracy and social mobility.

Aspirations for Higher Education

1982 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Carpenter ◽  
J. S. Western
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Explanatory Power ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Mediating Effects ◽  
Social Psychological ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
The Social

This paper reports data from the first phase of a longitudinal study of the processes by which selected structural, social-psychological, and group variables influence the capacities and achievements in both educational and occupational spheres of a cohort of young people. A causal recursive path analytic model which hypothesizes both direct and indirect effects of social origins, schooling, the perceived influence of significant others, and self-assessment on aspirations for tertiary education is developed. The model is found to have more explanatory power for men than for women. For both groups the perceived influence of parents, teachers, and peers bears the major impact on aspiration formation. Social origins are more important in aspiration formation for women than for men although for both groups mediating and direct effects are observed. Schooling also has mediating effects for both groups and direct effects among men. It is concluded that, while the analysis provided strong support for crucial elements of the social-psychological theory of aspiration formation, there are linkages for status transmission not identified in the model.

Jews in the Judiciary, 1945‒1990

2003 ◽  
pp. 369-396
Author(s):  
John Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
High Court ◽  
East European ◽  
Court Judge ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Lord Chancellor ◽  
Local Grammar ◽  
European Family

This chapter examines Jews in the English judiciary from 1945 to 1990. Until the late 1960s, no Jew could become a High Court judge unless he belonged to the Anglo-Jewish elite, which differed little in educational attainments and lifestyle from the rest of the English upper class, even if he was exceptionally able. Starting in 1968, during the last years of Harold Wilson's Labour administration, Lord Chancellor Gerald Gardiner began to appoint Jewish barristers from middle-class backgrounds and of east European family origin to the High Court bench. These men had for the most part been educated in local grammar schools and redbrick universities. This policy was continued both by the Conservative Heath government and by Labour administrations in the 1970s. The chapter then assesses how Jewish these High Court judges were in their personal affiliation.

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