scholarly journals The path from social origins to top jobs: social reproduction via education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Parsons ◽  
Francis Green ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins ◽  
George Ploubidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Past Research ◽  
School Level ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper provides a comprehensive account of the way in which cognitive and educational attainment mediate the link between social origins and elite social class destinations in mid-life. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), we assess the roles of a range of pathways through which educational advantage may lead to occupational attainment: cognitive development; private and selective secondary schools; school level qualifications; and higher education, including institution and field of study. Whereas past research has shown a residual direct effect of social origins on class destinations, we find that, once a sufficiently detailed picture of educational attainment is taken into account, education fully explains the link between social origins and top social class destinations. In contrast, the gap between men and women in achieving top social class positions is in no part accounted for by education.

Looking Backwards, Looking Forwards

2021 ◽  
pp. 189-204
Author(s):  
Tom O’Donoghue ◽  
Judith Harford
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Secondary School ◽  
Catholic Education ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
National Standards ◽  
School Level ◽  
Irish Society ◽  
Secondary School Level ◽  
The Church

A pluralist, outward-looking approach to Catholic education in Ireland now characterizes some of the latest changes at the level of governance and curriculum. Regarding piety, the first of the two main themes addressed throughout this book, change is also evident. In particular, the manner in which it is promoted and practised in the Catholic secondary schools now is more benignant, personal, ecumenical, and inclusive of those of other faiths than it was in the past. Regarding the second theme considered throughout, namely, the role of the Church historically in favouring at secondary school level those privileged in Irish society socially and economically, the situation is that while expansion of education provision has raised national standards of education, it has not led to the kind of reduction in relative social class inequalities that many believed it could or would. Thus, while so much has changed in relation to second-level schooling in the country from the end of the period 1922–1967 and the move away from the theocratic State, the Church in Ireland still continues to be enmeshed in social reproduction through the position it continues to hold within the nation’s secondary school sector.

scholarly journals Factors Predictive of Midlife Occupational Attainment and Psychological Functioning in Adults With Mild Intellectual Deficits

2009 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marsha Mailick Seltzer ◽  
Frank J. Floyd ◽  
Jan S. Greenberg ◽  
Jinkuk Hong ◽  
Julie Lounds Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Social Participation ◽  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Role Models ◽  
Transition Planning ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Intellectual Deficits

Abstract The life course of individuals with mild intellectual deficits and the factors that account for heterogeneity in their midlife outcomes were examined. Past research has shown that such individuals are at risk for poor occupational attainment in adulthood and more compromised psychological functioning, including increased depression. Although predictors varied for men and women, in general greater midlife occupational attainment was predicted by continuation of education beyond high school, having role models for achievement, and social participation earlier in adulthood. Midlife psychological functioning was predicted by having role models of achievement, having discussed plans for the future with parents and teachers, and achievement of aspirations set in high school. Implications for contemporary models of transition planning are discussed.

scholarly journals Social inequality in obesity in an Eastern Mediterranean population: a national health survey

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Quattrocchi ◽  
O Kolokotroni ◽  
C A Demetriou ◽  
A Charalambous ◽  
A Heraclides
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Social Inequalities ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Mediterranean Population ◽  
Obesity Prevalence ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Occupational Social Class ◽  
Gender Specific

Abstract Background This study aimed to explore socioeconomic factors associated with obesity in the Republic of Cyprus. Methods We interviewed 3021 Greek-Cypriots aged 25-64 years through a multistage survey. We collected self-reported information on demographics, health behaviours (physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption and dietary intake), socio-economic characteristics (educational attainment, household income and occupational social class) and anthropometric measurements. Obesity was defined as body mass index ≥30 kg/m2. For the association between obesity and each socio-economic indicator, we conducted sex-specific Poisson's regression with robust variance, adjusting for all demographics and health-related behaviours, reporting adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results The prevalence of obesity was 22% and 17% among men and women, respectively. There was a significant trend of higher obesity prevalence with increasing age as well as with being widowed in both genders and being a refugee in men. Obesity prevalence decreased with increasing educational attainment (postgraduate vs. none/gymnasium: a PRmen=0.45; 95%CI=0.25-0.82; a PRwomen=0.41; 95%CI=0.18-0.95; p-trends<0.005), and household income (>€4000/month vs. ≤€1000/month: a PRmen=0.45; 95%CI=0.26-0.81; a PRwomen=0.45; 95%CI=0.22-0.92; p-trends<0.005). Occupational social class did not show any clear association with obesity. After adjustment for health-behaviours as mediators the association between income and obesity in women was attenuated. Conclusions The current study highlights striking social inequalities in obesity among Cypriot men and women, characterised by a linear decrease in obesity prevalence each step up the socioeconomic hierarchy. We recommend that comprehensive and multifaceted public health interventions are considered to address income and education-related barriers resulting in higher obesity rates among specific population sub-groups. Key messages Among Greek Cypriot adults, obesity affects almost one in five whilst obesity prevalence shows gender-specific social inequalities. When investigating social inequalities in health, the choice of socioeconomic indicators should reflect the context of the population and gender-specific differences.

Class Identification among Working Wives: Educational Attainment and Union Membership, but Not Occupational Prestige

1981 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
James De Fronzo
Keyword(s):  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Union Membership ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Occupational Prestige ◽  
Omitted Variables ◽  
Class Membership ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Class Identification ◽  
Independent Effects

Past research has suggested that the occupational attainment of working wives influences their perception of their social class membership. However, several correlates of occupational attainment, such as education, age, race, and union membership, which may have independent effects on class identification, were not controlled in earlier studies. The present study utilized data from three national surveys and included previously omitted variables in the analyses to show that working wives' educational attainment and union membership, but not their occupational attainment, influenced their class identification.

Experiences of Stereotyping and Tracking in Appalachia: A Case in Consolidation and Social Class

2021 ◽  
pp. 155545892098233
Author(s):  
Connor J. Fewell ◽  
Michael E. Hess ◽  
Charles Lowery ◽  
Madeleine Gervason ◽  
Sarah Ahrendt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle School ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Social Class ◽  
School Districts ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
School Level ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
First Time

This case explores the complexities of how consolidation perpetuates stereotypes among different social classes in a rural Appalachian school setting. Examined are the experiences at the intersection of social class in rural U.S. school districts when two communities—one affluent and one underresourced—are consolidated. We present a nuanced critical incident that focuses on how school leaders perceive and address students’ experiences with tracking and stereotyping—particularly at a middle school level where elementary schools from diverse backgrounds attend school together for the first time.

Subjective social class, perceived quality of social relationships, and happiness: A case of mediation and moderation across gender

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-335
Author(s):  
Jae-Woo Kim ◽  
Chaeyoon Lim ◽  
Christina Falci
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Social Status ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
Social Relationship ◽  
Perceived Quality ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Subjective Social Class

This study investigates the link between social relationship and subjective well-being in the context of social stratification. The authors examine how perceived quality of social relationships and subjective social class are linked to self-reported happiness among men and women in South Korea. The study finds that one’s perception of relative social standing is positively associated with happiness independently of objective indicators of socioeconomic status, while social relationship quality strongly predicts the happiness among both men and women. However, the mediation pathway and moderating effects vary by gender. For men, the nexus between subjective social class and happiness is partially mediated by the quality of interpersonal relationships. No similar mediating effect is found among women. The study also finds gender difference in whether the link between social relationship quality and happiness varies by subjective social class. The happiness return to positive social relationships increases as men’s subjective social status becomes higher, which is consistent with the resource multiplication hypothesis. No similar moderation effect is found among women. Combined, these results reveal potentially different pathways to happiness across gender in Korea, where social status competition, collectivistic culture, and patriarchal gender relations are salient in daily life.

Influences on Educational Attainment: The Importance of the Local Residential Environment

1984 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Moulden ◽  
M G Bradford
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Path Analysis ◽  
Catchment Area ◽  
Residential Environment ◽  
General Effect ◽  
Scale Of Analysis

The local residential environment is shown to be a major factor affecting the educational attainment of thirteen-year-old and fifteen-year-old schoolchildren. Its strength and effect relative to other variables, like intelligence and social class, are demonstrated via path analysis. It has a greater influence on the educational attainment of girls than of boys. Possible processes leading to both the differential and the general effect are discussed. The scale of analysis suggests that exactly where within a catchment area people live affects their children's educational attainment.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document