scholarly journals Licensed professions: a new look at the association between social origins and educational attainments in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruggera
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Fields Of Study ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Micro Level

AbstractIt has long been known that Italy is characterized by the highest levels of professional regulation in Europe, but little attention has been given to the link between professional regulation and educational stratification. This article investigates the association between social origins and education by focusing on fields of study within tertiary education and by disaggregating the upper class of social origin into different micro-classes of professionals. Thus, since these professions are regulated in the first place by educational fields of study, it assesses how processes of social closure enhance occupational intergenerational immobility in the professional employment in Italy. Recently, deregulation of liberal professions in Italy has been central in many public and political debates. It contributes to these debates by examining the micro-level dynamics in the professionals’ social reproduction and related practises of social exclusion, which may have strong implications for policy interventions. By using ISTAT’s “Sbocchi Professionali dei Laureati” survey (2011), and employing multinomial logistic regressions, it shows how social selection into highly regulated fields of study is guided by parents’ professional domain. The analyses indicate that both sons and daughters of licensed professionals are more inclined to graduate in a field of study that is in line with the father’s profession and that this propensity is stronger among children of regulated self-employed professionals.

scholarly journals Licensed professions: a new look at the association between social origins and educational attainments in Italy Working

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruggera
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Selection ◽  
Social Origin ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Professional Regulation ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Fields Of Study

This article investigates the association between social origins and education by focusing on fields of study within tertiary education and by disaggregating the upper class of social origin into different meso-classes and micro-classes of professionals. It has long been known that Italy is characterised by the highest levels of professional regulation in Europe, but little attention has been given to the link between professional regulation and educational stratification. This paper therefore analyses micro-dynamics of professionals’ social reproduction in Italy. These processes of intergenerational mobility come to light in the first place by linking micro-classes of social origin to fields of study. Using ISTAT’s “Sbocchi Professionali dei Laureati” survey (2011) and employing multinomial logistic regression analyses, this article demonstrates how social selection into highly regulated fields of study is guided by parents’ profession domains; sons and daughters of professionals are analysed separately. Finally, insights into an additional distinction between employed and self-employed professionals’ social reproduction are also offered.

scholarly journals Is professional regulation a highway to social immobility at top? Social closure and gendered outcomes in Italy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucia Ruggera ◽  
Jani Erola
Keyword(s):  
Social Mobility ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Occupational Group ◽  
Upper Class ◽  
Social Closure ◽  
Nested Models ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Log Linear ◽  
Levels Of Service

This article examines how processes of social closure promote persistence at the top ofthe occupational hierarchy and how it varies by gender. We focus on the link betweenprofessional closure strategies and intergenerational immobility in professionalemployment in Italy. Since Italian professions display the highest levels of service marketregulation across Europe and are the largest occupational group within the upper class,analyzing the link between professional closure and social inequality is crucial. ISTAT´ssurvey on Italian graduates (SPL, 2011), the Origin-Destination association isinvestigated at big-, meso- and micro-level with log-linear nested models. This sampleoffers in analyzing social mobility at the beginning of professionals’ careers and providein-depth explanations of micro-level dynamics of social reproduction. The analysesindicate that children of regulated professionals have a higher propensity to follow intheir parents’ footsteps (micro-classes). Self-employment functions as an independentdimension, which strongly increases intergenerational immobility at top similarly forprofessionals and larger entrepreneurs (meso- and micro-classes). Finally, itdemonstrates that the combination of specific parental resources strongly facilitatesprofessionals’ children to avoid social demotion (big-classes).

Developmental Impacts of Remittances on Migrant-Sending Households: Micro-Level Evidence from Punjab, Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 338-366
Author(s):  
Kashif Imran ◽  
Evelyn S. Devadason ◽  
Cheong Kee Cheok
Keyword(s):  
Human Development ◽  
Human Development Index ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Development Index ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Government

This article analyzes the overall and type of developmental impacts of remittances for migrant-sending households (HHs) in districts of Punjab, Pakistan. For this purpose, an HH-based human development index is constructed based on the dimensions of education, health and housing, with a view to enrich insights into interactions between remittances and HH development. Using high-quality data from a HH micro-survey for Punjab, the study finds that most migrant-sending HHs are better off than the HHs without this stream of income. More importantly, migrant HHs have significantly higher development in terms of housing in most districts of Punjab relative to non-migrant HHs. Thus, the government would need policy interventions focusing on housing to address inequalities in human development at the district-HH level, and subsequently balance its current focus on the provision of education and health.

scholarly journals The path from social origins to top jobs: social reproduction via education

2017 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 776-798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Parsons ◽  
Francis Green ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins ◽  
George Ploubidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Social Origins

scholarly journals The path from social origins to top jobs: social reproduction via education

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Sullivan ◽  
Samantha Parsons ◽  
Francis Green ◽  
Richard D. Wiggins ◽  
George Ploubidis
Keyword(s):  
Social Class ◽  
Educational Attainment ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Past Research ◽  
School Level ◽  
Occupational Attainment ◽  
Social Origins ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
British Cohort Study ◽  
Detailed Picture

This paper provides a comprehensive account of the way in which cognitive and educational attainment mediate the link between social origins and elite social class destinations in mid-life. Using the 1970 British Cohort Study (BCS70), we assess the roles of a range of pathways through which educational advantage may lead to occupational attainment: cognitive development; private and selective secondary schools; school level qualifications; and higher education, including institution and field of study. Whereas past research has shown a residual direct effect of social origins on class destinations, we find that, once a sufficiently detailed picture of educational attainment is taken into account, education fully explains the link between social origins and top social class destinations. In contrast, the gap between men and women in achieving top social class positions is in no part accounted for by education.

scholarly journals Living in precarity: Ethnography of everyday struggles of single mothers in Lithuania

Sociologija ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-83
Author(s):  
Laura Lapinske
Keyword(s):  
Single Mothers ◽  
Social Reproduction ◽  
Care Work ◽  
Life Strategies ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Everyday Living

This paper presents challenges and life strategies of highly educated single mothers in Lithuania. My ethnography traces the impact on strategies of remaining in a country where exit strategies - alcoholism, suicide, emigration - prevail and seem as an ?easier? option. It is a study concerned with the relationship between precarity, single motherhood, social reproduction and everyday living. I focus on precarious living conditions, social isolation and stigmatization, unappreciated and highly gendered care-work. Based on collaborative ethnographic fieldwork material, the paper presents the micro-level attempts to negotiate what it means to be a lone care-taker, to revalorize and challenge the hegemonic narratives of individual strength and success.

Clerical associations in Qatar and the United Arab Emirates: soft power competition in Islamic politics

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-963
Author(s):  
Kristin Diwan
Keyword(s):  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Islamic Movements ◽  
Religious Traditions ◽  
Power Projection ◽  
Arab Uprisings ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Peace Initiatives ◽  
Gulf States

Abstract In the wake of the 2011 Arab uprisings, the wealthy Gulf states of Qatar and the United Arab Emirates began hosting and establishing associations of influential Islamic scholars. These clerical associations, the Doha-based International Union for Muslim Scholars (IUMS) and the Abu Dhabi-based Muslim Council of Elders (MCE) and associated peace initiatives, have afforded a platform for more credibly entering into religious and political debates, for cultivating new networks of influence among Muslim publics, and engaging non-Islamic countries and organizations. Drawing upon interviews and primary resources, this study investigates this exercise in religious statecraft, comparing the discourse and policy interventions of these associations, and analysing their improbable challenge to the predominant religious terms set by the traditional heavyweight in the Gulf, Saudi Arabia. It finds that the effectiveness, or resonance, of these religious soft power projects depends upon credibility—their alignment with national religious traditions and policy directions—and positioning—the targeting of particular audiences and stakeholders. It concludes that the UAE holds certain advantages over Qatar in its soft power positioning in the current nationalist moment, as states gain ground over transnational Islamic movements and relations with powers such as India, Russia, China and Israel—all hostile to independent Islamic movements—gain in importance. Policy-makers acknowledging the surprising hard power projection of these small states through military interventions and economic leverage may benefit from this study of their new religious soft power influence.

Neo-Liberal Governance in Higher Education

2013 ◽  
pp. 204-221
Author(s):  
Paul Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Knowledge Economy ◽  
Tertiary Education ◽  
The Core ◽  
Research And Teaching ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Governance In Higher Education ◽  
Institutional Reputation ◽  
National Systems

This chapter analyzes the emerging trend in tertiary education to manage institutional reputation, and it offers evidence from case studies in developed and emerging economies to support the analysis. The evidence presented suggests that this activity is global in scope and is associated with the ever-increasing competitive environment in which universities and other tertiary colleges find themselves. The management of reputation appears to revolve around the core activities of research and teaching and the development of an international environment, suggesting a convergence of governance at the micro level. The purpose of the chapter is to provide a new perspective on neo-liberal governance in HE, and to show how the current emphasis on international competition and the knowledge economy affects individual institutions in different national systems in different ways. The chapter also points to the challenges that the quest for enhanced reputation may present managers.

scholarly journals The social investment litmus test: Family formation, employment and poverty

2020 ◽  
pp. 095892872095062
Author(s):  
Ilze Plavgo ◽  
Anton Hemerijck
Keyword(s):  
Family Formation ◽  
Social Investment ◽  
Political Debates ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Litmus Test ◽  
Stock Flow ◽  
Families With Children ◽  
Industrial Life Cycle ◽  
Post Industrial

Over the past decade, the notion of ‘social investment’ (SI) has gained considerable traction in the political debates over welfare state futures. The multifaceted character of SI policy interventions, the effects of policy complementarities and interactions for different social groups and generational cohorts, and the challenge of delineating effects across different time dimensions, we argue, are not (yet) properly addressed by current empirical research. This paper contributes to reorienting the measurement of SI returns into a longer-term perspective, conceptualising them as people’s work- and welfare- related outcomes. It operationalises in a novel fashion macro-level data across OECD countries to analyse the medium-term aggregate effects of SI stock, flow and buffer policies with a focus on arguably the most critical stages in the post-industrial life-cycle course: transition into employment and family formation. Our findings imply that the so-called ‘Matthew effects’, following the biblical proverb ‘to him that hath shall be given’, identified in previous research stem from a measurement of SI returns conceptualised in a short-term redistributive perspective. Moving on to longer-term returns to SI policies at the societal level reveals positive outcomes for families with children.

The Analysis of Conflict: A Micro-Level Perspective

2009 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip Verwimp ◽  
Patricia Justino ◽  
Tilman Brück
Keyword(s):  
Global Perspective ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Civilian Population ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Policy Interventions ◽  
Level Data ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Core Message ◽  
Armed Actors

This article introduces a special issue on the micro-level dynamics of mass violent conflict. While most analyses of conflict typically adopt a regional, national or global perspective, often using country-level data, this special issue takes an explicit micro-level approach, focusing on the behaviour and welfare of individuals, households and groups or communities. At a fundamental level, conflict originates from individuals' behaviour and their repeated interactions with their surroundings, in other words, from its micro-foundations. A micro-level approach advances our understanding of conflict by its ability to account for individual and group heterogeneity within one country or one conflict. The contributors to this special issue investigate the nature of violence against civilians, the agency of civilians during conflict, the strategic interaction between civilians and armed actors, the consequences of displacement, the effectiveness of coping strategies and the impact of policy interventions. The core message from these articles is that in order to understand conflict dynamics and its effects on society, we have to take seriously the incentives and constraints shaping the interaction between the civilian population and the armed actors. The kind of interaction that develops, as well as the resulting conflict dynamics, depend on the type of conflict, the type of armed actors and the characteristics of the civilian population and its institutions.

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