scholarly journals Who Hath Measured the (Proving) Ground: Variation in Offensive Capabilities Test and Evaluation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
JD Work
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Cyber Warfare ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Test And Evaluation ◽  
Development Lifecycle ◽  
Old Dominion University ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Range Testing ◽  
Mission Assurance

Multiple recent high-profile cyber intrusion and attack incidents have demonstrated serious weaponeering failures in which offensive tooling has not performed as the operators, planners, and designers had likely anticipated, leading to detection, degraded mission outcomes, and political blowback. These failures may be evaluated as resulting from multiple factors, in part through engineering errors introduced within the development lifecycle, as well as from immature command & control (C2), planning and the operational oversight processes. These cases suggest that despite the different identified failure modes in capabilities generation and employment, a common root cause of operational blunders may be identified in the lack of effective controlled range testing of exploit and implant capabilities packages prior to fielding and use in the wild. Observed evidence to date strongly indicates multiple intrusion sets pursue only limited—and in some case—no validation measures prior to executing live fires against target systems and networks. We seek to describe and explain apparent variations in adoption of munitions effectiveness testing for cyberweapons. We examine requirements, objectives, and benefits of capabilities validation efforts, balanced against resource investment, organizational integration, process agility, operational responsiveness, and other costs. We propose a model for analysis of mission assurance contributions provided by the cyber proving ground and consider this model in light of specific observed adversary behaviors indicating programmatic practices. We further explore the implications for the employment of such validation measures as a fundamental element of developing norms for responsible state cyber operations. Paper presented at the 15th International Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security (ICCWS 2020). Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia. 12-13 March 2020.

Case Study and Fault Modeling for Wrong Redundancy Evaluation on DRAM Devices

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Versen ◽  
Dorina Diaconescu ◽  
Jerome Touzel
Keyword(s):  
Failure Mode ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Fault Modeling ◽  
Mode Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Failure Mode Analysis

Abstract The characterization of failure modes of DRAM is often straight forward if array related hard failures with specific addresses for localization are concerned. The paper presents a case study of a bitline oriented failure mode connected to a redundancy evaluation in the DRAM periphery. The failure mode analysis and fault modeling focus both on the root-cause and on the test aspects of the problem.

Microhardness Testing on Via Fill Material for Via In Pad Technology

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norman J. Armendariz ◽  
Carolyn McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Board ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Electrical Performance ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Passive Components ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Fill Material ◽  
Signal Routing

Abstract Via in pad PCB (Printed Circuit board) technology for passive components such as chip capacitors and resistors, provides the potential for improved signal routing density and reduced PCB area. Because of these improvements there is the potential for PCB cost reduction as well as gains in electrical performance through reduced impedance and inductance. However, not long after the implementation, double digit unit failures for solder joint electrical opens due to capacitor “tombstoning” began to occur. Failure modes included via fill material (solder mask) protrusion from the via as well as “out gassing” and related “tombstoning.” This failure analysis involved investigating a strong dependence on PCB supplier and, less obviously, manufacturing site. Other factors evaluated included via fill material, drill size, via fill thermal history and via fill amount or fill percent. The factor most implicated was incomplete cure of the via fill material. Previous thermal gravimetric analysis methods to determine level of polymerization or cure did not provide an ability to measure and demonstrate via fill cure level in small selected areas or its link to the failures. As a result, there was a metrology approach developed to establish this link and root-cause the failures in the field, which was based on microhardness techniques and noncontact via fill measuring metrologies.

scholarly journals A Matrix FMEA Analysis of Variable Delivery Vane Pumps

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1741
Author(s):  
Joanna Fabis-Domagala ◽  
Mariusz Domagala ◽  
Hassan Momeni
Keyword(s):  
Risk Analysis ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
High Reliability ◽  
Matrix Analysis ◽  
Hydraulic Systems ◽  
Vane Pump ◽  
End Effects ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Fmea Analysis

Hydraulic systems are widely used in the aeronautic, machinery, and energy industries. The functions that these systems perform require high reliability, which can be achieved by examining the causes of possible defects and failures and by taking appropriate preventative measures. One of the most popular methods used to achieve this goal is FMEA (Failure Modes and Effects Analysis), the foundations of which were developed and implemented in the early 1950s. It was systematized in the following years and practically implemented. It has also been standardized and implemented as one of the methods of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 9000 series standards on quality assurance and management. Apart from wide application, FMEA has a number of weaknesses, which undoubtedly include risk analysis based on the RPN (Risk Priority Number), which is evaluated as a product of severity, occurrence, and detection. In recent years, the risk analysis has been very often replaced by fuzzy logic. This study proposes the use of matrix analysis and statistical methods for performing simplified RCA (Root Cause Analysis) and for classification potential failures for a variable delivery vane pump. The presented methodology is an extension of matrix FMEA and allows for prioritizing potential failures and their causes in relation to functions performed by pump components, the end effects, and the defined symptoms of failure of the vane pump.

Different Failure Modes of Non-Metallic Pipelines at Connections

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Tatarov ◽  
Frank Gareau
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Case Histories ◽  
Actual Case ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Pipeline Failures

The article provides an overview of different modes of failures in composite pipeline connections. Non-metallic spoolable (SCP) and reinforced thermoplastic pipelines (RTP) of different makes will be addressed. The article is based on actual case histories of pipeline failures (root cause analysis). Numerous factors contributing to failures and recommendations are discussed.

Applying Advanced FMEA Methods to Vehicle Fire Cause Determinations

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kerry D. Parrott ◽  
Pat J. Mattes ◽  
Douglas R. Stahl
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Analysis Tool ◽  
Fire Investigation ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Product And Process ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Fire Cause

This paper proposes that the advanced Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) techniques and methodology currently used by the automotive industry for product and process design can be reversed and used as an effective failure/root cause analysis tool. This paper will review FMEA methodologies, explain the newest advanced FMEA methodologies that are now being used in the automotive industry, and will then explain how this methodology can be effectively reversed and used as a failure analysis and fire cause determination tool referred to as a “reverse FMEA” (rFMEA). This paper will address the application of these techniques and methodology to vehicle fire cause determination. This methodology is particularly suited to situations where multiple potential fire causes are contained within an established area of origin. NFPA 921 Guide for Fire & Explosion Investigations [1] and NFPA 1033 Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator [2], often referenced by the fire investigation community, prescribe following a systematic approach utilizing the scientific method for fire origin and cause determinations. The rFMEA methodology is proposed as a fire investigation tool that assists in that process. This “reverse FMEA” methodology will then be applied to a hypothetical, illustrative case study to demonstrate its application.

scholarly journals Aplicación de herramientas de clase mundial para la gestión de mantenimiento en empresas cementeras basado en la metodología MCC

Respuestas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica Yajaira Uzcátegui-Gutiérrez ◽  
Andrónico Varela-Cárdenas ◽  
Juan Isidro Díaz-García
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Maintenance Management ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Reliability Centered Maintenance ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
World Class ◽  
Data Collection Technique ◽  
Criticality Analysis

Antecedentes: La categoría de clase mundial en mantenimiento se apoya en metodologías como el Mantenimiento Centrado en Confiabilidad (MCC), la cual ayuda a determinar acciones concretas de mantenimiento, identificando fallas y procedimientos de corrección de las mismas. Objetivos: En este trabajo se planteó el diseño de un marco referencial para la aplicación de herramientas para la gestión mantenimiento de empresas cementeras, aplicando la metodología del MCC. Metodología: Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo descriptiva y de campo, en la cual se consideró como unidad de análisis la Fábrica Nacional de Cemento, Planta Táchira en Venezuela. A tal efecto, la técnica de recolección de datos constató indicios escritos y el instrumento seleccionado fue una matriz de categorías. Resultado: Se diagnosticó que la gestión de mantenimiento en la empresa no considera los principios básicos de la confiabilidad de los activos. Conclusiones: Se identificaron las etapas de aplicación de las herramientas de confiabilidad: análisis de criticidad, análisis de modos y efectos de fallas, y análisis de causa - raíz, a través del cumplimiento de tres fases contentivas en un sistema que involucra insumos, procesos y resultados en cada fase; para finalmente indicar las pautas a seguir en la aplicación de las mencionadas herramientas.Abstract Background: The category of world class maintenance is based on methodologies such as Reliability Centered Maintenance, which helps to determine speciic maintenance actions, identifying fails and the procedures for ixing them. Objectives: In this work the design of a framework was proposed to implement management tools for maintenance of cement companies, applying the methodology of the MCC. Method: A descriptive and ield research was developed, in which it was considered as a unit of analysis the National Cement Factory, Plant Tachira in Venezuela. To do this, the data collection technique veriied written evidence and an array of categories was the selected instrument. Result: It was diagnosed that the maintenance management in the company does not consider the basic principles of asset reliability. Conclusions: The stages of application of the tools of reliability were identiied: criticality analysis, analysis of failure modes and effects, and root cause analysis, through compliance three contentive phases in a system involving inputs, processes and results in each phase; to i nally indicate the guidelines in the application of the above-mentioned tools. Palabras Clave: cementera, coniabilidad, herramientas del MCC, Mantenimiento. 

scholarly journals A Factory Analysis on the Proportion of Defects Reduction in The Animal Feed Pellet Production Process using Design of Experiment Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-33
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Production Process ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Fractional Factorial ◽  
Pareto Chart ◽  
Manufacturing Defects ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Pellet Production ◽  
Feed Pellet

The aim of this research is to reduce a number of defects during a feed pellet production process to improve customer satisfaction. A factory case study produces the feed pellets for several species such as food for pigs, chickens, and ducks. Production data from January to June 2017 manufacturing found that the manufacturing defects rate were about 3.32%. The data showed that the overall defects originated from different problems; 1) cracked or broken food; 2) high humidity; 3) distorted of product color; and 4) an ingredient error, respectively. Statistical methods, design analysis, and cause analysis techniques e.g. the Ishikawa diagram, Pareto chart, and FMEA (Failure Mode and Effects Analysis) were applied to help the factory to identify the main root cause of the defects and the potential failure modes of the factory case study. Due to an increasing number of complaints, this study only concentrated on the duck feed pellet production process. The study was divided into two parts: finding the root cause of the defects, which are the most critical factors for further analysis, and applying an experimental statistical design to decrease the number of defects during the duck pellet production process. The problem with cracked or broken pellets (dust) was found as the main factor affecting the production defects. Results showed that the main factors contributing to the amount of dusk in the duck feed productions came from three factors as follow: the thickness of die, distance between compression rollers and die, and time and temperature of mill machine needed during compressing the duck feed pellet production. Both the fractional factorial experimental design, 2k and 3k, were used to evaluate the influence of each factor on the duck feed production defects. The results by using the factorial 2K experimental show that the most important variable in duck pellets production were thickness of the die, distance between compression rollers and die, and temperature of mill machine needed during compressing the duck feed pellet production while time was not an interaction effect in this problem. The 3k factorial design was used to determine the interaction effects for the duck pellets production process. The experiment was ran and tested for 3 months. The final outcomes showed a significant reduction of defects from 2.51% to 1.09% (P<0.01). The results indicated that thickness -20 mm. of the die, 0.05 mm of distance between compression rollers and die, and 95 degree Celsius of temperature of mill machine needed during compressing the duck feed pellet production would be the most appropriate set of pelleting machine for the duck production process case study.

Applications of Soft Defect Localization (SDL) on AMD Advanced SOI Microprocessors

2006 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Xuan Seah ◽  
M. Palaniappan ◽  
J.M. Chin
Keyword(s):  
Failure Modes ◽  
Root Cause Analysis ◽  
Silicon On Insulator ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Cause Analysis ◽  
Process Improvements ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Structural Failures ◽  
Lower Temperature

Abstract In this paper, we present application of the SDL technique towards full root cause analysis of functional and structural failures from BIST, SCAN etc. on AMD’s advanced Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) microprocessors based on a 90 nm process technology node. The devices were exercised at speed using production testers. SDL is used on these microprocessors with failure modes which pass at a lower temperature/voltage but fail at higher temperature/voltage or vice versa to isolate the failing logic/node. The SDL sites are examined for a full root cause analysis and possible process improvements.

Capability Resurrection of DC Sputtering Machine

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 60-76
Author(s):  
C. L. V. R. S. V. Prasad ◽  
G. V. S. S. Sharma ◽  
P. N. L. Pavani
Keyword(s):  
Vapour Deposition ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Corrective Action ◽  
Process Parameter ◽  
Physical Vapour Deposition ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Dc Sputtering ◽  
Ishikawa Diagram ◽  
Process Failure

Nanocoatings are gaining popularity owing to their widespread applications and the physical vapour deposition constitutes an effective method of deposition of coatings onto a suitable substrate. This work comprises of capability resurrection of a newly installed DC sputtering machine through troubleshooting, calibration, and establishment of process parameter mainly in terms of critical-to-performance (CTP) characteristic identified as the sputtering voltage. This work exercises the identification of potential causes for the breakdown of the sputtering machine through Ishikawa diagram and root cause is identified through the why-why analysis. Prioritization of corrective actions through process failure modes and effects analysis (PFMEA). Correct functioning of the DC sputtering machine after taking corrective action, is validated and confirmed through experimentation. This work shall serve as a reference to the maintenance and process personnel and guide them to perform the experiments related to DC sputtering in a laboratory environment.

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