scholarly journals ‘International Paretianism’ and the Question of ‘Feasible’ Climate Solutions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Steele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
Pareto Improvements

Proponents of International Paretianism (IP)—the principle that international agreements should not make any state worse-off and should make some at least better off—argue that it is the only feasible approach to reducing the harms of climate change (see, especially, Posner and Weisbach 2010). They draw on some key assumptions regarding the meaning of ‘feasibility’ and the nature of the Pareto improvements associated with coordinated action on climate change. This chapter challenges these assumptions, in effect weakening the case for IP and allowing for broader thinking about what counts as a ‘feasible’ climate solution.

Pareto Improvements and Feasible Climate Solutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 346-369
Author(s):  
Katie Steele
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Coordinated Action ◽  
Pareto Improvements

Proponents of International Paretianism (IP)—the principle that international agreements should not make any state worse off and should make some at least better off—argue that it is the only feasible approach to reducing the harms of climate change. They draw on some key assumptions regarding the meaning of ‘feasibility’ and the nature of the Pareto improvements associated with coordinated action on climate change. This chapter challenges these assumptions, in effect weakening the case for IP and allowing for broader thinking about what counts as a ‘feasible’ climate solution.

scholarly journals Sanctions and international interaction improve cooperation to avert climate change

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Grimalda ◽  
Alexis Belianin ◽  
Heike Hennig-Schmidt ◽  
Till Requate ◽  
Marina Ryzhkova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
International Cooperation ◽  
Experimental Test ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Climate Agreements ◽  
Collective Risk ◽  
International Interaction ◽  
Expected Payoffs ◽  
Different Levels

Abstract Imposing sanctions on noncompliant parties to international agreements is often advocated as a remedy for international cooperation failure, notably in climate agreements. We provide an experimental test of this conjecture in a collective-risk social dilemma simulating the effort to avoid catastrophic climate change. We involve groups of participants from two cultural areas that were shown to achieve different levels of cooperation nationally when peer-level sanctions were available. Here we show that, while this result still holds nationally, international interaction backed by sanctions is overall beneficial. Cooperation by low cooperator groups increases significantly in comparison with national cooperation and converges to the cooperation levels of high cooperation groups. While the increase is only marginally significant without sanctions, it becomes sizable when sanctions are imposed. When sanctions are available, individuals are willing to cooperate above the level that would maximize expected payoffs. Revealing or hiding counterparts’ nationality does not affect results.

scholarly journals Environmental migrants and Canada's refugee policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Murray
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Asylum Seekers ◽  
Historical Review ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Policy Response ◽  
Refugee Resettlement ◽  
Refugee Policy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Status ◽  
Liberal Approach

Canada is among the world's foremost refugee resettlement countries and is signatory to international agreements that affirm its commitment to the protection of refugee rights. Asylum seekers come to Canada from around the globe. But as climate change continues to affect growing regions of the world -- threatening to create as many as 200 million environmental migrants by the year 2050 -- Canada has not yet begun to address the issue of climate change migration. In an era defined by a neo-liberal approach to migration issues, and until international actors determine the status of environmental migrants, Canada's policy response to the looming crisis may be conjectured from an historical review of its refugee policy. This provides an understanding of the various factors, both domestic and international, that may have the greatest influence on Canada's future refugee policy.

Resigning Without Leaving

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold Hongju Koh
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
International Agreement ◽  
Basic Strategy ◽  
Full Participation ◽  
International Obligations

With respect to international agreements, President Donald Trump’s basic strategy has become resigning without leaving: This chapter illustrates this pattern with respect to the Paris Climate Change Agreement, trade diplomacy, and the Iran Nuclear Deal. In each area, Trump has expressed overt hostility toward the international agreement in question and threatened to abandon it, but in practice, he has generally stayed in the existing international agreements, but underperformed, forcing other transnational players to take up the slack to compensate for his unwillingness fully to execute America’s international obligations. This approach at least has the virtue that in time, a successor administration may correct that underperformance and restore the United States to full participation in the international arrangement.

scholarly journals Projections and Uncertainties about Climate Change in an Era of Minimal Climate Policies

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 333-360 ◽  
Author(s):  
William Nordhaus
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Integrated Assessment ◽  
Carbon Price ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Future Climate Change ◽  
Climate Change Policies ◽  
Climate Policies ◽  
Near Term ◽  
Dice Model ◽  
Over Time

Climate change remains one of the major international environmental challenges facing nations. Up to now, nations have adopted minimal policies to slow climate change. Moreover, there has been no major improvement in emissions trends as of the latest data. The current study uses the updated DICE model to develop new projections of trends and impacts of alternative climate policies. It also presents a new set of estimates of the uncertainties about future climate change and compares the results with those of other integrated assessment models. The study confirms past estimates of likely rapid climate change over the next century if major climate-change policies are not taken. It suggests that it is unlikely that nations can achieve the 2°C target of international agreements, even if ambitious policies are introduced in the near term. The required carbon price needed to achieve current targets has risen over time as policies have been delayed. (JEL Q54, Q58)

International Environmental Policy: Interests and the Failure of the Kyoto Process

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 1044-1046
Author(s):  
Robert Boardman
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Environmental Policy ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Detailed Account ◽  
Global Development ◽  
International Environmental Policy ◽  
Development Agenda ◽  
Climate Change Politics ◽  
Edward Elgar

International Environmental Policy: Interests and the Failure of the Kyoto Process, Sonja Boehmer-Christiansen and Aynsley Kellow, Cheltenham: Edward Elgar, 2002, pp. xi, 214This valuable critique of climate change politics is written by two of its leading observers. The authors—who variously describe themselves as skeptical, dissident or agnostic about the scientific issues—acknowledge that their views on the process are controversial and unpopular. Why, they ask (1), was Kyoto so widely embraced? Unlike other complex international agreements, the Protocol has been iconized. To criticize it, they write, is to attack not only the “moral crusade” (104) of environmentalism but also the global development agenda (110). Behind the complaint is a well-crafted argument about the inadequacies of science as a guide to policy, and a detailed account of what they see as the politicization of climate science. The science, in sum, has been “inescapably tied up with the play of interests from the outset,” and “reflects, rather than simply drives, politics” (6–7).

scholarly journals Climate Change and Regulation in International and Regional Level, Especially the Built Environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 55-67
Author(s):  
Zsuzsanna Putnoki
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
European Union ◽  
Economic Integration ◽  
Legal Aspects ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Regional Level ◽  
The European Union ◽  
History Of ◽  
Build Environment ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The article starts with a brief insight into the history of climate change, with a scope on the international and legal aspects of ever-changing regulations. The regional level is in the article is The European Union, as the only regional economic integration organization under the Kyoto Protocol. It deals with the United Nation’s international agreements like UNFCCC its Kyoto’s Protocol and the Post-Kyoto era. It also analyses the EU’s system in the climate change law with correspondence the international rules. Comparison between international and regional legislation in the climate change is used as a tool of analysis. Finally an insight is given into a special field in the climate change, the build environment, reflecting on the related United Nation’s recommendation and the EU’s regulation.

scholarly journals Natural resources in international treaties: From the sovereign rights of states to the common concern of humankind

2021 ◽  
pp. 391-405
Author(s):  
Dragoljub Todić
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biological Diversity ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
International Agreements ◽  
Convention On Biological Diversity ◽  
International Treaties ◽  
Common Concern ◽  
The Common

The paper points out the importance of natural resources and discusses their international legal protection. It analyses the UN deposited international agreements in the field of environment as well as the views of various authors. In specific, relations of the international agreements with the principle of permanent sovereignty of states over natural resources ("principle") and the concept of ,,common concern of humankind" (,,concept") is explored. The aim of the paper is to identify relevant international agreements, determine how they relate to ,,natural resources" and assess the content of norms related to the ,,principle" and ,,concept". The conclusion states that the ,,principle" and the ,,concept" are simultaneously defined in two international agreements (Convention on Biological Diversity and the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change), that the content and meaning of the ,,principle" was upgraded, as well as that there are elements of intertwining and lack of clarity when it comes to characterising relations between the ,,principle" and the ,,concept".

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