scholarly journals Beyond Tuskegee, To Middlesboro: How Perspectives of Policing Shape Vaccine Attitudes for Black Americans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron Rosenthal ◽  
Matt Motta ◽  
Christina E. Farhart
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Police Attitudes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nationally Representative

Attempts to explain the higher levels of vaccine skepticism among Black Americans frequentlyfocus on the history of racial discrimination within the American healthcare system. Whilestudying this discrimination is important, we argue that past research overlooks the role of law enforcement actors outside the healthcare system; both in their history of supporting medical discrimination, and in its contemporary function as a coercive face of the state that may influence Black American’s concerns about vaccines. Using cross-sectional and longitudinal nationally representative surveys, we demonstrate that police attitudes have a strong and causal effect on vaccine skepticism and opposition to pro-vaccine policies among Black Americans. These findings point to the importance of reforming areas outside of the medical field, such as policing, in order to promote lasting declines in vaccine hesitancy.

Estimating the Magnitude of the Relation Between Bullying, E-Bullying, and Suicidal Behaviors Among United States Youth, 2015

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Kuehn ◽  
Annelise Wagner ◽  
Jennifer Velloza
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Effects Of Bullying ◽  
Pc Algorithm ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Significant Covariates

Abstract. Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among US adolescents aged 12–19 years. Researchers would benefit from a better understanding of the direct effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide to inform intervention work. Aims: To explore the direct and indirect effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide attempts (SAs) and to estimate the magnitude of these effects controlling for significant covariates. Method: This study uses data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative sample of US high school youth. We quantified the association between bullying and the likelihood of SA, after adjusting for covariates (i.e., sexual orientation, obesity, sleep, etc.) identified with the PC algorithm. Results: Bullying and e-bullying were significantly associated with SA in logistic regression analyses. Bullying had an estimated average causal effect (ACE) of 2.46%, while e-bullying had an ACE of 4.16%. Limitations: Data are cross-sectional and temporal precedence is not known. Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between bullying, e-bullying, and SA.

Finding Brands and Not Losing Your Religion? Exploring the Relationship Between Brand Engagement in Self-Concept and Religious Commitment

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-217
Author(s):  
Wiktor Razmus ◽  
Beata Zarzycka
Keyword(s):  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Grandiose Narcissism ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brand Engagement ◽  
The Relationship

Past research links a decrease in religiosity with the development of marketing and, in particular, with the growing role of brands in consumers’ lives. Building on James's (1920) theory of the self, we propose that focusing on brands as a strategy for self-expression (brand engagement in self-concept; BESC) does not exclude religious commitment and may even be related with higher levels of religious commitment. We also suggest that this relationship is moderated by grandiose narcissism. The hypotheses were tested on a sample of 306 individuals in a cross-sectional study. The findings provide evidence that BESC is positively related to religious commitment and the higher an individual’s narcissism is, the stronger the positive relationship between BESC and religious commitment. These findings suggest that using brands as a strategy for self-expression is not a substitute for religious commitment.

scholarly journals Role of Psychosocial Factors In Vicarious Traumatization: A Comparative Study

2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-57
Author(s):  
Nazia Mustafa ◽  
Hina Iqbal
Keyword(s):  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Health Care Professionals ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Vicarious Traumatization ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Personal History ◽  
Vulnerable Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed at investigating the role of psychosocial factors such as, gender, marital status, profession, and personal history of trauma in vicarious traumatization (VT). METHODOLOGY: Cross sectional study was conducted at various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad over the period of 6 months from January 2018 to June 2018. A sample of 170 healthcare professionals (doctors=39, psychiatrists=27, psychologists=36, nurses=30 and others=38) (men=67, women=103) was taken from various hospitals in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Data were collected by using the Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale. RESULTS: Results revealed significant differences have been found among various groups of healthcare professionals (doctors, psychiatrist, psychologists, nurses and others) in whom psychiatrists are the most vulnerable group for vicarious traumatization and psychologists are the least vulnerable group. Moreover, healthcare professionals who are married and have personal history of trauma are more vulnerable for vicarious traumatization as compared to those who are unmarried and without personal history of trauma. No significant gender differences have been found among health care professionals on vicarious traumatization. CONCLUSION: The findings of present research have emphasized that vicarious traumatization must be addressed and identified in a health setting.

scholarly journals We Built this Joint for Free: Counter-stories of Black American Contributions to Higher Education

10.28945/4432 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 123-142
Author(s):  
Chaunte L White ◽  
Miranda Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Student Affairs ◽  
Black Americans ◽  
Education History ◽  
History Of Higher Education ◽  
Master Narratives ◽  
Higher Education History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Conceptual Paper

Aim/Purpose: Black contributions to higher education are frequently marginalized by some of the field’s most commonly cited historians. The purpose of this conceptual paper is threefold: to demarginalize the role of Black Americans within the higher education history narrative; to demonstrate the need to reconsider the course reading selections used to facilitate learning in this area; and, to emphasize the importance of higher education history as vehicle for understanding current issues across the postsecondary landscape. Background: Sanitized historical accounts often shape Higher Education and Student Affairs students’ learning of the history of American higher education. This is important due to the role historical knowledge plays in understanding current issues across the postsecondary landscape. Methodology: This conceptual paper juxtaposes commonly used higher education history texts against works that center Black higher education history. Elements of Critical Race Theory (CRT) frame this paper and serve as an analytic tool to disrupt master narratives from seminal history of higher education sources. Contribution: This paper contributes to literature on the history of higher education and offers considerations for the implications of course reading selections. Findings: We found that countering the master narratives shows how our contemporary experience has been shaped by colonial processes and how the historical role of Black Americans in higher education is often minimized. Recommendations for Practitioners: Citing how higher education and student affairs instructors’ choices around scholarship have implications for classroom learning and for the future of research and practice, this work recommends diversifying history of higher education course reading selections to help students gain better understanding of the historical impact of white supremacy, systemic oppression, and racism on postsecondary education. Future Research: Further research is needed to understand the impact of course reading selections on HESA student learning and empirically identify frequencies of text usage in history of higher education classrooms

Entrepreneurial leadership: a missing link between perceived organizational support and organizational performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rabia Imran ◽  
Raghad Ezzeldin Aldaas
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Past Research ◽  
Entrepreneurial Leadership ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
And Performance ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe current research is aimed at exploring entrepreneurial leadership (EL) as a mediator in perceived organizational support (POS) and organizational performance (OP) relationship. Furthermore, it also examined the impact of POS and entrepreneurial leadership on the performance of an organization.Design/methodology/approachA purposively selected sample of 216 respondents from the SME sector of Oman was chosen for the study.FindingsThe results revealed that POS and entrepreneurial leadership positively and significantly have an effect on organizational performance. Moreover, the hypothesized role of entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator between POS and OP relationship was also supported.Research limitations/implicationsIn spite of the novelty of the research, it was limited due to a few reasons. First, the research design is cross-sectional. Second, the research only focused SME sector. This research only focused on entrepreneurial leadership as a mediator, whereas, other mediators could have been explored as well.Originality/valueThe research on POS and organizational performance relationship is still in its exploration stage. Past research indicate that POS has an effect on different outcomes within an organization, including its performance. However, still, the research on the entrepreneurial leadership process is quite scarce. The current research will explore it in the context of Oman, where there is a dire need to establish SME sector performance. The unique combination between POS, entrepreneurial leadership and performance in the SME sector of Oman marks the novelty of the current research. This study contributes to the SME’s literature and it is among the pioneer studies exploring the mediating role of entrepreneurial leadership in the relationship between POS and OP.

scholarly journals Current concept of the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis and the role of bactéria.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 09-30
Author(s):  
Anthony Davis ◽  
Mary Davis
Keyword(s):  
Previous History ◽  
Genetic Load ◽  
Current Concept ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Periodontopathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Risk Situation ◽  
Edentulous Patients

Through an extensive review of the literature, our objective will be to clarify the current concept that exists about the pathogenesis of peri-implantitis, as well as the implications that bacteria may have on it. To date, different longitudinal and cross-sectional studies have identified some of the risk factors or risk indicators of peri-implantitis. Previous history of periodontal disease, diabetes, genetic load, poor oral hygiene, tobacco, alcohol consumption, absence of keratinized gingiva and the surface of the implants are some of the factors that have been analyzed in detail in the literature. The colonization of new surgically implanted surfaces represents a risk situation in partially edentulous patients, where periodontopathogenic bacteria from the residual bag play an important role.

scholarly journals Corowa-kun: Impact of a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot on vaccine hesitancy, Japan 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takaaki Kobayashi ◽  
Yuka Nishina ◽  
Hana Tomoi ◽  
Ko Harada ◽  
Kyuto Tanaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vaccine Hesitancy ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Confidential Interval ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Vaccine Acceptance ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Flu Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Information ◽  
To Receive

Background: Few studies have assessed how mobile messenger apps affect COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. We created a COVID-19 vaccine information chatbot in a popular messenger app in Japan to answer commonly asked questions. Methods: LINE is the most popular messenger app in Japan. Corowa-kun, a free chatbot, was created in LINE on February 6, 2021. Corowa-kun provides instant, automated answers to frequently asked COVID-19 vaccine questions. In addition, a cross-sectional survey assessing COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy was conducted via Corowa-kun during April 5 to 12, 2021. Results: A total of 59,676 persons used Corowa-kun during February to April 2021. Of them, 10,192 users (17%) participated in the survey. Median age was 55 years (range 16 to 97), and most were female (74%). Intention to receive a COVID-19 vaccine increased from 59% to 80% after using Corowa-kun (p < 0.01). Overall, 20% remained hesitant: 16% (1,675) were unsure, and 4% (364) did not intend to be vaccinated. Factors associated with vaccine hesitancy were: age 16 to 34 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.7, 95% confidential interval [CI]: 3.0-4.6, compared to age ≥ 65), female sex (OR = 2.4, Cl: 2.1-2.8), and history of another vaccine side-effect (OR = 2.5, Cl: 2.2-2.9). Being a physician (OR = 0.2, Cl: 0.1-0.4) and having received a flu vaccine the prior season (OR = 0.4, Cl: 0.3-0.4) were protective. Conclusions: Corowa-kun reduced vaccine hesitancy by providing COVID-19 vaccine information in a messenger app. Mobile messenger apps could be leveraged to increase COVID-19 vaccine acceptance.

scholarly journals POLYPHARMACY IN DIABETIC PEOPLE: EVIDENCE FROM THE ENGLISH LONGITUDINAL STUDY OF AGEING (ELSA)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S482-S483
Author(s):  
Yun-Ting Huang ◽  
Paola Zaninotto ◽  
Andrew Steptoe ◽  
Li Wei
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older People ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
English Longitudinal Study

Abstract Diabetes among older people is becoming more common worldwide, and usually accompanied by polypharmacy. However, the role of polypharmacy in older people with diabetes remains uncertain. A nationally representative cross-sectional study, ELSA 2012/2013, was used and 7729 participants aged 50-109 were investigated. Polypharmacy was defined as taking five to nine long-term used medications daily for chronic diseases or chronic symptoms, while using ten or more medications was excessive polypharmacy. The presence of illness was defined as either self-reported diagnosis or being prescribed specific medications for the condition. Data showed the prevalence of polypharmacy was 21.4%, and only 3% was excessive polypharmacy. 51.6% of diabetic people reported polypharmacy and 10.2% excessive polypharmacy. These rates were significantly higher than the 16.4% polypharmacy and 1.8% excessive polypharmacy among people without diabetes (p &lt; 0.001). Among people with three or more comorbidities, polypharmacy was present in 61.5% of people with diabetes, compared with 36.0% in people without diabetes. Significant risk factors for polypharmacy were diabetes (Relative-risk ratios/RRR=4.06, 95% CI 3.38, 4.86), older age (RRR=1.02, 95% CI 1.01, 1.03), male (RRR=0.64, 95% CI 0.55, 0.75), more comorbidity (RRR=2.46, 95% CI 2.30, 2.62), living with a partner (RRR=1.20, 95% CI 1.01, 1.42), and less wealth (RRR=0.93, 95% CI 0.87, 0.98). However, age, cohabitation, and wealth were not significantly related to excessive polypharmacy. Diabetes and the number of comorbidities were predominant risk factors for excessive polypharmacy. Current evidences confirmed both health condition and socioeconomic status were associated with medication use in older adults.

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