Estimating the Magnitude of the Relation Between Bullying, E-Bullying, and Suicidal Behaviors Among United States Youth, 2015

Crisis ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin S. Kuehn ◽  
Annelise Wagner ◽  
Jennifer Velloza
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Average Causal Effect ◽  
Effects Of Bullying ◽  
Pc Algorithm ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Significant Covariates

Abstract. Background: Suicide is the second leading cause of death among US adolescents aged 12–19 years. Researchers would benefit from a better understanding of the direct effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide to inform intervention work. Aims: To explore the direct and indirect effects of bullying and e-bullying on adolescent suicide attempts (SAs) and to estimate the magnitude of these effects controlling for significant covariates. Method: This study uses data from the 2015 Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey (YRBS), a nationally representative sample of US high school youth. We quantified the association between bullying and the likelihood of SA, after adjusting for covariates (i.e., sexual orientation, obesity, sleep, etc.) identified with the PC algorithm. Results: Bullying and e-bullying were significantly associated with SA in logistic regression analyses. Bullying had an estimated average causal effect (ACE) of 2.46%, while e-bullying had an ACE of 4.16%. Limitations: Data are cross-sectional and temporal precedence is not known. Conclusion: These findings highlight the strong association between bullying, e-bullying, and SA.

scholarly journals Health-Behaviors Associated With the Growing Risk of Adolescent Suicide Attempts: A Data-Driven Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 089011712097737
Author(s):  
Zhiyuan Wei ◽  
Sayanti Mukherjee
Keyword(s):  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Adolescent Suicide ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Predictive Accuracy ◽  
Warning Signs ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk

Purpose: Identify and examine the associations between health behaviors and increased risk of adolescent suicide attempts, while controlling for socio-economic and demographic differences. Design: A data-driven analysis using cross-sectional data. Setting: Communities in the state of Montana from 1999 to 2017. Selected Montana as it persistently ranks among the top 3 vulnerable states in the U.S. over the past years. Subjects: Selected 22,447 adolescents of whom 1,631 adolescents attempted suicide at least once. Measures: Overall 29 variables (predictors) accounting for psychological behaviors, illegal substances consumption, daily activities at schools and demographic backgrounds were considered. Analysis: A library of machine learning algorithms along with the traditionally-used logistic regression were used to model and predict suicide attempt risk. Model performances—goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy—were measured using accuracy, precision, recall and F-score metrics. Additionally, χ2 analysis was used to evaluate the statistical significance of each variable. Results: The non-parametric Bayesian tree ensemble model outperformed all other models, with 80.0% accuracy in goodness-of-fit (F-score: 0.802) and 78.2% in predictive accuracy (F-score: 0.785). Key health-behaviors identified include: being sad/hopeless ( p < 0.0001), followed by safety concerns at school ( p < 0.0001), physical fighting ( p < 0.0001), inhalant usage ( p < 0.0001), illegal drugs consumption at school ( p < 0.0001), current cigarette usage ( p < 0.0001), and having first sex at an early age (below 15 years of age). Additionally, the minority groups (American Indian/Alaska Natives, Hispanics/Latinos) ( p < 0.0001), and females ( p < 0.0001) are also found to be highly vulnerable to attempting suicides. Conclusion: Significant contribution of this work is understanding the key health-behaviors and health disparities that lead to higher frequency of suicide attempts among adolescents, while accounting for the non-linearity and complex interactions among the outcome and the exposure variables. Findings provide insights on key health-behaviors that can be viewed as early warning signs/precursors of suicide attempts among adolescents.

scholarly journals Examining the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts: triangulation of epidemiological approaches

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Harrison ◽  
Marcus R. Munafò ◽  
George Davey Smith ◽  
Robyn E. Wootton
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Strong Association ◽  
Mendelian Randomisation ◽  
Polymorphism Analysis ◽  
Suicidal Thoughts ◽  
Smoking Behaviours

BackgroundPrevious literature has demonstrated a strong association between cigarette smoking, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. This association has not previously been examined in a causal inference framework and could have important implications for suicide prevention strategies.AimsWe aimed to examine the evidence for an association between smoking behaviours (initiation, smoking status, heaviness, lifetime smoking) and suicidal thoughts or attempts by triangulating across observational and Mendelian randomisation analyses.MethodFirst, in the UK Biobank, we calculated observed associations between smoking behaviours and suicidal thoughts or attempts. Second, we used Mendelian randomisation to explore the relationship between smoking and suicide attempts and ideation, using genetic variants as instruments to reduce bias from residual confounding and reverse causation.ResultsOur observational analysis showed a relationship between smoking behaviour, suicidal ideation and attempts, particularly between smoking initiation and suicide attempts (odds ratio, 2.07; 95% CI 1.91–2.26; P < 0.001). The Mendelian randomisation analysis and single-nucleotide polymorphism analysis, however, did not support this (odds ratio for lifetime smoking on suicidal ideation, 0.050; 95% CI −0.027 to 0.127; odds ratio on suicide attempts, 0.053; 95% CI, −0.003 to 0.110). Despite past literature showing a positive dose-response relationship, our results showed no clear evidence for a causal effect of smoking on suicidal ideation or attempts.ConclusionsThis was the first Mendelian randomisation study to explore the effect of smoking on suicidal ideation and attempts. Our results suggest that, despite observed associations, there is no clear evidence for a causal effect.

scholarly journals Use of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Caffeine and Suicide Attempts: Findings From a Nationally Representative Cross-sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 215013272091372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myong Sun Cho
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Mental Health Professionals ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Web Based ◽  
12Th Grade ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Suicide Prevention Programs

In this study, the association between students’ substance use and suicide attempts in the past 1 year was examined using secondary data from the 13th Korea Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Participants were 7th- to 12th-grade students and 50.9% were male. A binominal logistic regression analysis was used to investigate the association between past experience of substance use (alcohol, tobacco, and caffeine) and suicide attempts after controlling for sociodemographic and psychological factors. Compared with no use, daily use of alcohol (odds ratio [OR] = 8.00), caffeine (OR = 2.13), and tobacco (OR = 1.41) was associated with increased odds of suicide attempts. These results indicate that school-based suicide prevention programs should cover awareness, surveillance, and treatment referral for these 3 substances. Moreover, mental health professionals should monitor intake of these substances when evaluating risk of suicide attempts in youth.

scholarly journals Opioid Use and Misuse and Suicidal Behaviors in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (7) ◽  
pp. 1245-1253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hillary Samples ◽  
Elizabeth A Stuart ◽  
Mark Olfson
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Propensity Score ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Suicidal Behaviors ◽  
Opioid Misuse ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Odds ◽  
Nationally Representative

Abstract Prior research has shown associations between opioid misuse and suicidal behaviors, but the relationship between medical opioid use and suicidal behaviors is not known. We assessed associations of opioid use and misuse with suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among adults aged 18–64 years (n = 86,186) using nationally representative cross-sectional data from the 2015 and 2016 administrations of the National Survey on Drug Use and Health. We used logistic regression to estimate associations between opioid use/misuse and suicidal behaviors and propensity score–weighted logistic regression analysis to examine the counterfactual scenario in which persons with misuse had instead not misused opioids. In propensity score–weighted analyses, compared with opioid misuse, opioid use without misuse was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (odds ratio (OR) = 0.57, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.45, 0.72) and suicide plans (OR = 0.53, 95% CI: 0.35, 0.80), and no use was associated with lower odds of suicidal ideation (OR = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.49, 0.80), suicide plans (OR = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.39, 0.79), and suicide attempts (OR = 0.54, 95% CI: 0.33, 0.89). These findings suggest that opioid misuse is associated with greater odds of suicidal behaviors, but opioid use without misuse is not. Compared with persons with opioid misuse, similar persons without misuse have a reduced risk of suicidal behaviors. Clinical and public health interventions should focus on preventing misuse of opioids.

Moral injury and peri- and post-military suicide attempts among post-9/11 veterans

2022 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Shira Maguen ◽  
Brandon J. Griffin ◽  
Dawne Vogt ◽  
Claire A. Hoffmire ◽  
John R. Blosnich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Military Service ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Moral Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Military Suicide ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Our goal was to examine the association between moral injury, mental health, and suicide attempts during military service and after separation by gender in post-9/11 veterans. Methods A nationally representative sample of 14057 veterans completed a cross-sectional survey. To examine associations of exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs; witnessing, perpetrating, and betrayal) and suicidal self-directed violence, we estimated two series of multivariable logistic regressions stratified by gender, with peri- and post-military suicide attempt as the dependent variables. Results PMIE exposure accounted for additional risk of suicide attempt during and after military service after controlling for demographic and military characteristics, current mental health status, and pre-military history of suicidal ideation and attempt. Men who endorsed PMIE exposure by perpetration were 50% more likely to attempt suicide during service and twice as likely to attempt suicide after separating from service. Men who endorsed betrayal were nearly twice as likely to attempt suicide during service; however, this association attenuated to non-significance after separation in the fully adjusted models. In contrast, women who endorsed betrayal were over 50% more likely to attempt suicide during service and after separation; PMIE exposure by perpetration did not significantly predict suicide attempts before or after service among women in the fully adjusted models. Conclusions Our findings indicate that suicide assessment and prevention programs should consider the impact of moral injury and attend to gender differences in this risk factor in order to provide the most comprehensive care.

scholarly journals Single and multiple suicide attempts: Prevalence and correlates in school-going adolescents in Liberia in 2017

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Supa Pengpid ◽  
Karl Peltzer
Keyword(s):  
Suicide Attempt ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
The Past ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Social Environmental

Abstract Background: This investigation aimed to estimate the prevalence and its correlates of single and multiple suicide attempts among adolescents in Liberia.Method: Cross-sectional nationally representative data were analysed from 2,744 adolescents (18 years median age) that participated in the “2017 Liberia Global School-Based Student Health Survey (GSHS).”Results: Results indicate that 33.7% of students had made a suicide attempt in the past 12 months (16.5% single and 17.2% multiple suicide attempts). In adjusted multinomial logistic regression analysis, having no close friends, loneliness, having been frequently physically attacked, ever used amphetamine and fast food intake were associated with multiple suicide attempts in the past 12 months. In addition, having been frequently in a physical fight and current tobacco use were associated with single suicide attempt. In sex stratified analyses, in addition, among boys frequent bullying victimization and among girls, parental tobacco use and parents never or rarely check on home work were associated with multiple suicide attempts. Multiple psychosocial distressors, multiple social-environmental factors and multiple health risk behaviours were associated with single and multiple suicide attempts.Conclusion: One in three students had made suicide attempt in the past 12 months (one in six students multiple suicide attempts) and several associated variables were detected which can aid in designing intervention strategies.

The Heterogeneity of Suicide Attempters: An Analysis of Single- and Repeat-Suicide Attempters Among People in Custody

2020 ◽  
pp. 009385482098385
Author(s):  
Bryce E. Stoliker
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Representative Sample ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
The United States ◽  
Risk Profile ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Suicide Attempters ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Nationally Representative

Suicide attempters represent a heterogeneous group, whereby repeat-suicide attempters possess a differing risk profile compared with single-suicide attempters. Using cross-sectional data from a nationally representative sample of 18,185 people in custody in the United States, the current study compared repeat-suicide attempters ( n = 1,549) to single-suicide attempters ( n = 1,146), and compared single- and repeat-suicide attempters to suicide ideators ( n = 1,741), on a range of correlates. Multiple suicide attempts were more commonly reported than a single attempt, especially among women. Several factors differentiated repeat-suicide attempters from single-suicide attempters, with men and women exhibiting some similarities and differences in correlates of repeat- versus single-suicide attempts. Several factors also differentiated single- and repeat-suicide attempters from suicide ideators. Overall, repeat-suicide attempters exhibited greater vulnerability to respond to stress through means of suicide as compared with single-suicide attempters. Discussion emphasizes the importance of acknowledging the heterogeneity of suicide attempters.

scholarly journals Association of objective visual impairment with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adults aged ≥50 years in low/middle-income countries

2021 ◽  
pp. bjophthalmol-2021-318864
Author(s):  
Lee Smith ◽  
Jae Il Shin ◽  
Yvonne Barnett ◽  
Peter M Allen ◽  
Rosie Lindsay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
Suicide Attempts ◽  
Adult Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Low Middle Income Countries ◽  
Nationally Representative

BackgroundThere is currently limited literature on the association between visual impairment and suicidal thoughts and behaviours, especially among older adults from low/middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we aimed to investigate the associations of objectively measured distance visual impairment with suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among adults aged ≥50 years from six LMICs and to identify potential mediators.MethodsCross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health were analysed. Objective distance visual acuity was measured using the tumbling E logMAR chart, and vision impairment was categorised as none, mild, moderate and severe. Self-reported information on past 12-month suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was also collected. Multivariable logistic regression and mediation analysis were conducted.ResultsData on 34 129 individuals aged ≥50 years (mean (SD) age, 62.4 (16.0) years; 47.9% men) were analysed. After adjustment for potential confounders, compared with no visual impairment, severe visual impairment was significantly associated with suicidal ideation (OR=9.50; 95% CI=2.47 to 36.52). Moderate and severe visual impairment were significantly associated with a 2.22 (95% CI=1.14 to 4.35) and 11.50 (95% CI=1.44 to 91.88) times higher odds of suicide attempts, respectively. Disability, poor self-rated health, mobility and loneliness explained 14.0%, 9.3%, 7.2% and 6.3% of the association between moderate/severe visual impairment and suicide attempts, respectively.ConclusionInterventions to reduce suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among older adults with visual impairment in LMICs are required, targeting identified mediators, while using tested strategies for suicide prevention per se in LMICs may yield beneficial outcomes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document