scholarly journals Applications of GIS and Geospatial analyses in COVID-19 research: A systematic review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rakibul Ahasan ◽  
Shaharier Alam ◽  
Torit Chakraborty ◽  
Md Mahbub Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Geographic Information Science (GIS) had established itself as a distinct domain and incredibly useful whenever the research is related to geography, space, and other spatio-temporal dimensions. However, the scientific landscape on the integration of GIS in the COVID related studies is largely unknown. In this systematic review, we assessed the current evidence on the implementation of GIS and other geospatial tools and technologies in COVID-19 pandemic. We systematically retrieved and reviewed 79 research articles that either directly used GIS or other Geospatial tools as part of their analysis. We grouped the identified papers under six broader thematic groups based on the objectives and research questions of the study- environmental, socio-economic, and cultural, public health, spatial transmission, computer-aided modeling, and data mining. The interdisciplinary nature of how geographic and spatial analysis was used in COVID-19 research was noticeable among the reviewed papers. Although GIS has substantial potential in planning to slow down the spread, surveillance, contact tracing, and identify the trends and hotspots of breakdowns, it was not employed as much as it could have been. This review not only provided an overarching view on how GIS has been used in COVID-19 research so far but also concluded that this geospatial analysis and technologies could be used in future public health emergencies along with statistical and other socio-economic modeling techniques. Our systematic review also provides how both scientific communities and policymakers could leverage GIS to extract useful information to make an informed decision in the coming days.

scholarly journals Applications of GIS and geospatial analyses in COVID-19 research: A systematic review

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Rakibul Ahasan ◽  
Md. Shaharier Alam ◽  
Torit Chakraborty ◽  
Md. Mahbub Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Spatial Analysis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Economic Modeling ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Geospatial Tools ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
Temporal Dimensions

Background: Geographic information science (GIS) has established itself as a distinct domain and incredibly useful whenever the research is related to geography, space, and other spatio-temporal dimensions. However, the scientific landscape on the integration of GIS in COVID-related studies is largely unknown. In this systematic review, we assessed the current evidence on the implementation of GIS and other geospatial tools in the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We systematically retrieved and reviewed 79 research articles that either directly used GIS or other geospatial tools as part of their analysis. We grouped the identified papers under six broader thematic groups based on the objectives and research questions of the study- environmental, socio-economic, and cultural, public health, spatial transmission, computer-aided modeling, and data mining. Results: The interdisciplinary nature of how geographic and spatial analysis was used in COVID-19 research was notable among the reviewed papers. Although GIS has substantial potential in planning to slow down the spread, surveillance, contact tracing, and identify the trends and hotspots of breakdowns, it was not employed as much as it could have been. This review not only provided an overarching view on how GIS has been used in COVID-19 research so far but also concluded that this geospatial analysis and technologies could be used in future public health emergencies along with statistical and other socio-economic modeling techniques. Our systematic review also provides how both scientific communities and policymakers could leverage GIS to extract useful information to make an informed decision in the future. Conclusions:  Despite the limited applications of GIS in identifying the nature and spatio-temporal pattern of this raging pandemic, there are opportunities to utilize these techniques in handling the pandemic. The use of spatial analysis and GIS could significantly improve how we understand the pandemic as well as address the underserviced demographic groups and communities.

scholarly journals Government Epidemic Prevention and Economic Growth Path Under Public Health Emergency: Theoretical Model and Simulation Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhichao Yin ◽  
Xiaoxu Chen ◽  
Zongshu Wang ◽  
Lijin Xiang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Close Contact ◽  
Public Health Emergency ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Growth Path ◽  
Public Health Emergencies ◽  
Economic Output

This paper constructs a partial equilibrium model under public health emergency shocks based on economic growth theory, and investigates the relationship between government intervention and virus transmission and economic growth path. We found that both close contacts tracing measures and isolation measures are beneficial to human capital stock and economic output per capita, and the effect of close contact tracing measures is better than that of isolation measures. For infectious diseases of different intensities, economic growth pathways differed across interventions. For low contagious public health emergencies, the focus should be on the coordination of isolation and tracing measures. For highly contagious public health emergencies, strict isolation, and tracing measures have limited effect in repairing the negative economic impact of the outbreak. The theoretical model provides a basic paradigm for the future researches to study economic growth under health emergencies, with good scalability and robustness.

scholarly journals The prevalence of PTSS under the influence of public health emergencies in last two decades: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 83 ◽  
pp. 101938
Author(s):  
Yaoguang Zhou ◽  
Zhuoer Sun ◽  
Yan Wang ◽  
Chenqi Xing ◽  
Luna Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Emergencies

scholarly journals Implementing Public Health Strategies—The Need for Educational Initiatives: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 5888
Author(s):  
Amir Khorram-Manesh ◽  
Maxim A. Dulebenets ◽  
Krzysztof Goniewicz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Willingness To Participate ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Educational Initiatives ◽  
Public Health Strategies

In the absence of a specific treatment or vaccines, public health strategies are the main measures to use in the initial stages of a pandemic to allow surveillance of infectious diseases. During the ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), several countries initiated various public health strategies, such as contact tracing and quarantine. The present study aims to conduct a systematic literature review to identify the presence of educational initiatives that promote the implementation of public health strategies before public health emergencies, with a special focus on contact tracing applications. Using Science Direct, PubMed, Scopus, and Gothenburg University search engines, all published scientific articles were included, while conference, reports, and non-scientific papers were excluded. The outcomes of the reviewed studies indicate that the effective implementation of public health strategies depends on the peoples’ willingness to participate and collaborate with local authorities. Several factors may influence such willingness, of which ethical, psychological, and practical factors seem to be the most important and frequently discussed. Moreover, individual willingness and readiness of a community may also vary based on the acquired level of knowledge about the incident and its cause and available management options. Educational initiatives, proper communication, and timely information at the community level were found to be the necessary steps to counteract misinformation and to promote a successful implementation of public health strategies and attenuate the effects of a pandemic. The systematic review conducted as a part of this study would benefit the relevant stakeholders and policy makers and assist with effective designing and implementation.

scholarly journals Recurrent SARS-CoV-2 infections and their potential risk to public health – a systematic review

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (12) ◽  
pp. e0261221
Author(s):  
Seth Kofi Abrokwa ◽  
Sophie Alice Müller ◽  
Alba Méndez-Brito ◽  
Johanna Hanefeld ◽  
Charbel El Bcheraoui
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Recurrence Rate ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Relevant Literature ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

Objective To inform quarantine and contact-tracing policies concerning re-positive cases—cases testing positive among those recovered. Materials and methods We systematically reviewed and appraised relevant literature from PubMed and Embase for the extent of re-positive cases and their epidemiological characteristics. Results In 90 case reports/series, a total of 276 re-positive cases were found. Among confirmed reinfections, 50% occurred within 90 days from recovery. Four reports related onward transmission. In thirty-five observational studies, rate of re-positives ranged from zero to 50% with no onward transmissions reported. In eight reviews, pooled recurrence rate ranged from 12% to 17.7%. Probability of re-positive increased with several factors. Conclusion Recurrence of a positive SARS-CoV-2 test is commonly reported within the first weeks following recovery from a first infection.

scholarly journals What are Systematic Reviews?

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Jack Nunn ◽  
Steven Chang
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Environmental Interventions

Systematic reviews are a type of review that uses repeatable analytical methods to collect secondary data and analyse it. Systematic reviews are a type of evidence synthesis which formulate research questions that are broad or narrow in scope, and identify and synthesize data that directly relate to the systematic review question. While some people might associate ‘systematic review’ with 'meta-analysis', there are multiple kinds of review which can be defined as ‘systematic’ which do not involve a meta-analysis. Some systematic reviews critically appraise research studies, and synthesize findings qualitatively or quantitatively. Systematic reviews are often designed to provide an exhaustive summary of current evidence relevant to a research question. For example, systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials are an important way of informing evidence-based medicine, and a review of existing studies is often quicker and cheaper than embarking on a new study. While systematic reviews are often applied in the biomedical or healthcare context, they can be used in other areas where an assessment of a precisely defined subject would be helpful. Systematic reviews may examine clinical tests, public health interventions, environmental interventions, social interventions, adverse effects, qualitative evidence syntheses, methodological reviews, policy reviews, and economic evaluations. An understanding of systematic reviews and how to implement them in practice is highly recommended for professionals involved in the delivery of health care, public health and public policy.

Does criminal justice stigma affect health and health care utilization? A systematic review of public health and medical literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 263-279
Author(s):  
Karin Martin ◽  
Andrew Taylor ◽  
Benjamin Howell ◽  
Aaron Fox
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Content Type

Purpose This paper aims to determine whether criminal justice (CJ) stigma affects health outcomes and health care utilization. Design/methodology/approach The authors reviewed medical and public health literature through May 2020. Structured terms were used to search four databases identifying articles that related to CJ stigma. Included articles were in English, examined CJ stigma and had people with CJ involvement as subjects. The studies without health outcomes were excluded. Quantitative and qualitative studies were reviewed and assessed for bias. Results were synthesized into a systematic review. Findings The search yielded 25 studies relating to CJ stigma and health. Three stigma domains were described in the literature: perceived or enacted, internalized and anticipated stigma. Tenuous evidence linked CJ stigma to health directly (psychological symptoms) and indirectly (social isolation, health care utilization, high-risk behaviors and housing or employment). Multiple stigmatized identities may interact to affect health and health care utilization. Research limitations/implications Few studies examined CJ stigma and health. Articles used various measures of CJ stigma, but psychometric properties for instruments were not presented. Prospective studies with standard validated measures are needed. Practical implications Understanding whether and how CJ stigma affects health and health care utilization will be critical for developing health-promoting interventions for people with CJ involvement. Practical interventions could target stigma-related psychological distress or reduce health care providers’ stigmatizing behaviors. Originality/value This was the first systematic review of CJ stigma and health. By providing a summary of the current evidence and identifying consistent findings and gaps in the literature, this review provides direction for future research and highlights implications for policy and practice.

scholarly journals Effective public health measures to mitigate the spread of COVID-19: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Ayouni ◽  
Jihen Maatoug ◽  
Wafa Dhouib ◽  
Nawel Zammit ◽  
Sihem Ben Fredj ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Health Interventions ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Public Health Interventions ◽  
Health Measures ◽  
Mesh Terms ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Background In December 2019, a novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) was recognized in Wuhan, China. It was characterised by rapid spread causing a pandemic. Multiple public health interventions have been implemented worldwide to decrease the transmission of the 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the implemented public health interventions to control the spread of the outbreak of COVID-19. Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Science Direct and MedRxiv for relevant articles published in English up to March 16, 2021. We included quasi experimental studies, clinical trials, cohort studies, longitudinal studies, case-control studies and interrupted time series. We included the studies that investigated the effect of the implemented public health measures to prevent and control the outbreak of 2019 novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Results The database search using the predefined combinations of Mesh terms found 13,497 studies of which 3595 in PubMed, 7393 in Science Direct 2509 preprints in MedRxiv. After removal of the duplicates and the critical reading only 18 articles were included in this systematic review and processed for data extraction. Conclusions Public health interventions and non-pharmaceutical measurements were effective in decreasing the transmission of COVID-19. The included studies showed that travel restrictions, borders measures, quarantine of travellers arriving from affected countries, city lockdown, restrictions of mass gathering, isolation and quarantine of confirmed cases and close contacts, social distancing measures, compulsory mask wearing, contact tracing and testing, school closures and personal protective equipment use among health workers were effective in mitigating the spread of COVID-19.

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