scholarly journals A Review of Małgorzata Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk, “Ostatni Mohikanie Pomorza”: Ludność rodzima znad jezior Łebsko i Gardno w publicystyce polskiej lat 1945–1989. Gdańsk; Słupsk: Instytut Kaszubski; Akademia Pomorska w Słupsku, 2019, 452 ss.

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (51) ◽  
pp. 211-224
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Vasiukov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Social Activists ◽  
Indigenous Ethnic Group ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Important Argument ◽  
Specific Position ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The collection of articles “The Last Mohicans of Pomerania”: The Indigenous Population of Łebsko and Gardno Lakes in Polish Nonfiction 1945–1989, edited by contemporary Polish historian Małgorzata Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk, includes several dozen articles published in Polish newspapers and magazines from 1945 to 1989 dedicated to the Kashubian ethnographic group of Slovincians who lived in Poland until the 1970s. The post-war nonfiction, written by professional ethnographers, linguists, historians, as well as journalists, travelers and social activists, was intended to acquaint the Polish reader with the specificities of the small indigenous ethnic group of Pomerania, fully incorporated into Poland as a result of the Second World War. An extensive preface by Dr. Mastalerz-Krystjańczuk will allow the reader to learn about the specificities of the inclusion of Slovincians in Polish social and political life, the historical and cultural context in which the texts about Slovincians were created, their thematic content, as well as the role played by censorship on the practice of depicting modern Slovincians. As the materials of the collection show, Slovincians had taken a specific position in Polish scientific and political ethno-classifications. Being German-speaking Lutherans, the Slovincians—due to their Slavic origin and the expected Slavic language practice—had to play the role of an important argument in legitimizing West Pomerania’s inclusion in the imagination of the Polish authorities. The review provides a brief survey of the main themes, images, and stories about Slovincians circulating in numerous articles of this collection.

scholarly journals Concerts of the Jewish Orchestra in the Łódź Ghetto during the Second World War

2020 ◽  
pp. 197-213
Author(s):  
Antonina Wiatr
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Musical Life ◽  
Concert Reviews ◽  
Second World ◽  
Source Materials

The article discusses concerts organised by the inhabitants of the Łódź Ghetto and their cultural context. My research focuses on concerts conducted by Teodor Ryder, with preserved posters and programmes used as my sources. The surviving concert reviews written in the ghetto contribute to a better understanding of these events. Analysis of source materials provides me with an opportunity to describe the musical life in the ghetto and discuss the role of music in the lives of its inhabitants.

The Galician Paradigm? Post-war Voices of German-Speaking Polish Jewish Survivors1

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Aleksiun
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
German Culture ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Historical Commissions ◽  
Post War ◽  
Personal Accounts ◽  
Jewish Survivors ◽  
Second World

Abstract This paper examines the experience of Galician-Jewish survivors who were fluent in German and who had developed close ties to German culture before the Second World War. It suggests that looking through the German linguistic lens highlights the multilayered nature of Jewish cultural identity in Galicia and offers an important critical tool with which to understand the distinct ways in which Galician Jews experienced the Holocaust. Using personal accounts, this article analyzes the ways in which complex cultural biographies of Galician Jews shaped their identities as eastern European Jews, Polish citizens, and Holocaust survivors. On the basis of testimonies included in early accounts for the Jewish historical commissions, statements by Jewish witnesses in post-war trials, oral interviews, and memoirs, this article discusses the ways in which Galician Jews remembered their relationship with German culture and how their complex cultural identity shaped their personal trajectories after the liberation.

Unerwünschte Rückkehrer. Staatsbürgerschaft und Eigentum deutscher Juden in der Nachkriegstschechoslowakei

Naharaim ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matěj Spurný
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
Concentration Camps ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
International Debate ◽  
Central Eastern Europe ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Post War ◽  
Czech Lands ◽  
Second World

The issue of displacement of the German speaking population of Czechoslovakia after the Second World War has been a subject of a broader Czech, German and international debate for several decades. This article examines the position of German-speaking Jews from Czech lands returning from emigration or concentration camps after the end of the war and the process of the nationalization of citizenship and property rights in post-war Czechoslovakia. As Jews, these former citizens of Czechoslovakia were undoubtedly victims of the National Socialist terror. As people of German (or at least non-Czech) nationality, however, they fit into particular categories affected by presidential decrees. This article shows how state authorities, and local officials especially, tried to use the post-war situation to eradicate all aspects of what was called “Germanness.” The story of German-speaking Jews in post-war Czechoslovakia is an element in the process of the disintegration of the state of law in post-war central-eastern Europe.

‘Putting Animals into Politics’: The Labour Party and Hunting in the First Half of the Twentieth Century

Rural History ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL TICHELAR
Keyword(s):  
Rural Community ◽  
Labour Party ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Labour Government ◽  
Labour Movement ◽  
The Government ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This article will discuss the background to opposition to hunting within the Labour Party before the Second World War, and in particular the role of the Humanitarian League and its successor the League Against Cruel Sports. It will highlight internal tensions of class and ideology that are still current today. It will examine the fate of two private members bills introduced in 1949 designed to prohibit hunting and coursing. Both bills were heavily defeated after the intervention of the Labour Government. This article will examine the reasons the post-war Labour Government used to oppose the bills before drawing some general conclusions about the Labour movement and blood sports. It will be argued that the primary reason why the bills were defeated was the strong desire of the Government to preserve its relationship with the farmers and the wider rural community.

scholarly journals Świat wynalazków i odkryć naukowych w dwudziestoleciu międzywojennym — wybrane strategie dyskursu popularnonaukowego w prasie

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 131-150
Author(s):  
Marcin Poprawa
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Context ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Plain Language ◽  
World War ◽  
The Public ◽  
Persuasive Strategies ◽  
Popularization Of Science ◽  
Second World

World of scientific discoveries in Polish popular press 1918–1939. The main strategies of popularization of knowledge in media discourseThe author of the article has two research objectives. The first one is to describe and analyse main strategies of popularization of science in Polish press 1918–1939. The article also highlights some aspects, tendencies and reception of media text media discourse: picture of the world of science and achievements, strategies used by journalists to write about difficult topics e.g. translating difficult problems into easier stylistic form, used by them rules of “Plain Language”. The second purpose of the article is to overview historical, cultural context and hidden implications persuasive strategies in the public discourse about the role of science in Poland before the Second World War.

Soviet-German Military and Economic Supplies in 1939–1941 and the Motives of the Soviet Leadership

2021 ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Aleksander Shubin
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Military Operations ◽  
World War ◽  
Valuable Contribution ◽  
Soviet Leadership ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
General Technical

The article examines the Soviet-German economic and military cooperation in 1939–1941 and the motives behind the position adopted by the Soviet leadership at that time. The author believes that the Soviet leaders' choice of military supplies was determined by both the experience of the war in Spain and their ideas about the potential theatre of military operations in Eastern Europe. The defeat of France, the territorial changes of 1940, and the growing threat of a military clash with Germany were among significant influences on the adjustment of the Soviet position. The Soviet leadership's ideas about the beginning of the war turned out to be largely erroneous, which led to a different contribution of German military supplies to the Soviet victory. The role of the Navy in the coming war was overestimated. A bid to overcome the technical backlog of Soviet aviation, demonstrated during the war in Spain, was successful. The role of tanks was underestimated. The author traces the course of negotiations on supplies and demonstrates the role of Soviet intelligence in reaching an agreement. Germany invested in the current needs of the population's consumption and supplying industry, primarily military. The USSR invested mainly in the future, which in the conditions of the Second World War, the Soviet leadership linked to the development of weapons production. German supplies played a role in the further general technical modernization of Soviet industry, which was a valuable contribution to the victory and contributed to the post-war development of Soviet industry.

Der Krieg der Richter

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Petter Graver
Keyword(s):  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Far Right ◽  
National Socialist ◽  
German Speaking ◽  
University Of Oslo ◽  
The University ◽  
Second World ◽  
Weak Resistance

In his book ‘Der Krieg der Richter’ (The Judges’ War), Hans Petter Graver, a professor at the Department of Private Law at the University of Oslo, analyses the role of German and Norwegian courts during Germany’s occupation of Norway from 1940 to 1945. During the Second World War, ‘cruel judges and magistrates’ also fulfilled their ‘duty’ in Norway, above all those from the ‘Reichskriegsgericht’, the highest military court in Nazi Germany, the SS and police court in Oslo, and various special tribunals and drumhead court martials. While Nazification affected almost the entire Norwegian legal system, not least through the Norwegian far-right party Nasjonal Samling, there were some protests among the judiciary. However, how can their relatively weak resistance be explained? How did they reconcile the National Socialist ethos with their understanding of their own occupation and their professional ethics? In this book, Hans Petter Graver now provides German-speaking readers with a fascinating insight into a time replete with moral issues.

Natural mothers: teaching morals and parent-craft in Italy, 1945–60

Modern Italy ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefania Bernini
Keyword(s):  
Pain Relief ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Medical Discourse ◽  
World War ◽  
Natural Childbirth ◽  
Political Discourses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

SummaryAt the end of the Second World War, politicians and social observers apprehensively considered the condition of the family and its destiny and role in post-war Italy. As well as informing political discourses and sociological examinations, the family became a privileged terrain for medical and psychological enquiry, with particular attention given to parenthood and the maternal role of women. The article explores the role played by religious and medical authorities in shaping narratives of parental responsibilities during the post-war years. The interplay of biology and morality in medical discourse and Catholic teaching is discussed in the context of debates about motherhood and the management of childbirth. Particular attention is given to discussions about the use of pain relief in labour and the reception by Italian Catholic gynaecologists of the so-called ‘natural childbirth method’, advocated during the post-war period by a number of European and American practitioners.

scholarly journals Retribution against Collaborators of the Occupiers after the End of the Second World War: The Concept of "National Honour"

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2021) (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateja Čoh Kladnik
Keyword(s):  
Economic Structure ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Legal Principles ◽  
Long Term Consequences ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World ◽  
Personal Interests

Courts of national honour were established in some European countries after the end of the Second World War. These were special courts which assisted in the process of "cleansing" or the process of post-war retribution against collaborators of the occupiers. Such courts were known in the Netherlands, France, Bulgaria, Romania, Czechoslovakia and all Yugoslav nations. The author presents the criminal procedures for acts against national honour in Czechoslovakia, Croatia, Slovenia and Serbia, where the sentences caused long-term consequences. The courts of national honour assumed the role of revolutionary courts and through their operation contributed to the final seizure and consolidation of the Communist Party's power. They participated in the process of changing the socio-economic structure of the state. Trials before the courts were rapid and short. The charges were often a consequence of revenge or the personal interests of complainants. Trials before the courts of national honour violated one of the fundamental legal principles – nullum crimen sine lege: acts (the collaboration with the occupier) tried by the courts of national honour were not considered crimes at the time that they were committed.

scholarly journals The Revenge of Defaulters

2021 ◽  
pp. 165-186
Author(s):  
Juan Flores Zendejas ◽  
Pierre Pénet ◽  
Christian Suter
Keyword(s):  
Sovereign Debt ◽  
Dispute Settlement ◽  
Active Role ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Current Debate ◽  
Private Debt ◽  
High Profile ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

This chapter examines important changes in the way debtors and creditors settled sovereign debt disputes in the turmoil of the post–Second World War context. Post-war debt settlements represented an enormous task not only because of the sheer amount of debt in default but also because old methods of settlement no longer applied. Faced with the declining significance of bondholder committees, creditors increasingly sought the mediation of their governments. After 1945, the enforcement of sovereign debt claims was effectively transferred from creditor committees to creditor states. Drawing on archival data collected on several high-profile cases of debt restructuring, this chapter revisits the meaning of sovereign debt disputes in the age of interstate negotiations. First, we show that debt acquired a broader public and diplomatic meaning as states became the contractual enforcers of private debt claims. Second, we show that private creditors benefited from the active role of their states, but problems arose, notably in relation to equality of treatment between creditors. Third, we emphasize several cases of creditors attempting to elevate debt disputes to international legal forums. Although such attempts failed, they are nonetheless significant because they foreshadow many aspects and problems in the current debate on legal tools of debt dispute settlement. Section 4 assesses the efficiency of pre-1914, interwar, and post-war methods of debt settlements against several metrics of performance. Section 5 concludes.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document