scholarly journals Cranial materials from the Oglakhty burial ground

2021 ◽  
pp. 124-137
Author(s):  
Andrey Gromov ◽  
◽  
Tatiana Savenkova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Cranial Index ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Age Series ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Brain

In this article means of cranial measurements and indexes of the Tashtyk sample from the Oglakhty burial ground obtained as a result of analysis and integration of the measurements of G. Debets, V. Alexeev and I. Gokhman are presented. Also we updated the means of the pooled Tashtyk sample. It was demonstrated that the Oglakhty cranial sample cover the whole spectrum of variability of the Tashtyk population. The data on 37 male and 35 female Early Iron Age series of the Tashtyk culture, Early Tes tombs, Tes flat-grave burial grounds, Podgornovo, Bidzha, and Saragashen stages of the Tagar culture, were subjected to canonical variate analysis. The results of the analysis reveals that Tashtyk male and female series are very similar to the Early Tes samples mainly due to higher cranial index in both male and female samples and smaller nose protrusion angle in male sample. Describing the variety of options for postmortem trepanations of the Tashtyk skulls, we argue that the trepanation process was not a ritual in itself, but was a routine procedure aimed at extracting the brain.

Taxonomic relationships of Nearctic small-footed bats of the Myotis leibii group (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 2519-2526 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. van Zyll de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Canonical Variate Analysis ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Taxonomic Relationships ◽  
Morphometric Analyses ◽  
Cranial Measurements ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Myotis Leibii

Crania and bacula of five taxa of small-footed bats of the leibii group, comprising two currently recognised species, Myotis californicus and M. leibii, were studied to elucidate their interrelationships. Canonical variate analysis of 14 cranial measurements shows the existence of three distinct nonoverlapping clusters corresponding to (i) M. californicus, (ii) M. I. ciliolabrum and M. I. melanorhinus, and (iii) M. I. leibii. The results of the morphometric analyses do not support the claim that M. I. leibii and M. I. melanorhinus intergrade in Oklahoma. The taxonomic interpretation of the results is that the western forms of M. leibii represent a separate species M. ciliolabrum (Mcrriam). The bacula of the taxa studied lack distinctive characters that would allow one to discriminate between the species of the leibii group.

Morphological Divergence in the Genus Eptesicus (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in Western Australia: a Multivariate Approach.

1980 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 457 ◽  
Author(s):  
NA Campbell ◽  
DJ Kitchener
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Canonical Variate ◽  
Morphological Divergence ◽  
Multivariate Approach ◽  
The South ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
North West ◽  
South West ◽  
Variate Analysis ◽  
Males And Females

Analyses of morphological divergence in male and female Eptesicus in Western Australia are detailed. Phenetic differences between individuals at each locality, or nearby groups of localities, are examined for males and females separately, by canonical variate analysis. Populations can be roughly grouped into those of the South-west, North-west-Desert, Pilbara, Kimberley and the Peninsulas. Trends are evident from the analysis of the regional data for external morphological measurements. The South-west populations are referable to Eptesicus regulus Thomas, 1906. The moderately large Northwest-Desert populations are considered part of a general cline of Eptesicus pumilus extending north through the intermediate-sized Pilbara populations to the small Kimberley populations. The Peninsula populations have their greatest phenetic affinities with Eptesicus douglasi. In all populations examined, female Eptesicus tend to be larger than males.

Communities of the dead

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Harding
Keyword(s):  
Bronze Age ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
North West ◽  
Sacred Landscapes ◽  
The North ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Burial Grounds

Burial monuments of the Neolithic and Bronze Age, individual or in cemeteries, were often located in topographically prominent positions, or in zones of concentration that might qualify as ‘sacred landscapes’. In the Iron Age by contrast it is not obvious what governed the choice of location for cemeteries and smaller burial grounds, whether they were sited in relationship to settlement or whether there were traditional locations dedicated to burial. For some of the eastern Yorkshire square-ditched barrow cemeteries Bevan (1999: 137–8) considered proximity to water may have been a factor. Dent (1982: 450) stressed the siting of Arras type barrows and cemeteries adjacent to linear boundaries and trackways, a factor that is very apparent in the linear spread at Wetwang Slack. Though we may distinguish burials that are integrated into settlements from those that are segregated into cemeteries, therefore, there is no implication that cemeteries were remote from settlements. In fact, the contrary is often demonstrably the case. There is some evidence that small cemeteries or burial grounds were located immediately beyond the enclosure earthworks of hillforts. At Maiden Castle, Dorset (Fig. 3.1; Wheeler, 1943), the picture is prejudiced by the dominance of the ‘war cemetery’ in the eastern entrance, but the reality is that there had been a burial ground just outside the ramparts well before the conquest. A possible parallel is Battlesbury, where Mrs Cunnington (1924: 373) recorded the discovery of human skeletons from time to time in a chalk quarry just outside the north-west entrance to the camp. Some of these were contracted inhumations, and apparently included one instance of an adult and child buried together. The attribution of a ‘war cemetery’ (Pugh and Crittall, 1957: 118 evidently refers to this external burial site, which should be distinguished from the burials excavated more than a century earlier by William Cunnington within the hillfort at its north-west end (Colt Hoare, 1812: 69). Iron Age inhumations were also found, just within the rampart circuit, at Grimthorpe in Yorkshire (Mortimer, 1905: 150–2; Stead, 1968: 166–73). One of these was the well-known warrior burial, found in 1868.

MOUNDS OF THE ELITE OF THE LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES IN THE SOUTH OF KULUNDA (NECROPOLIS OF THE VOLCHIKHINSKY DISTRICT OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY)

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 116-125
Author(s):  
FROLOV Ya. ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Border Zone ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
The South ◽  
Large Group ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
The Middle Ages

The Volchikhinsky District of the Altai Territory is located in the southern part of the Kulunda Plain. This territory is the border zone of the southern Kulunda and the Priobskoye plateau. Most of the region is a steppe zone. This area is plowed. A large group of burial grounds of the elite of antiquity and the Middle Ages is concentrated in the Volchikhinsky district. It belongs to a large group of burial grounds with large mounds in the southern part of Kulunda. The Volchikha group includes 17 burial grounds. These are such necropolises as Pyatkov Log-I, Solonovka-I, Vostrovo-I, III. The most grandiose grave structures were found at the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground. They reach 90-100 m in diameter. These are large burial mounds 6 m high. They are surrounded by a wide ditch and rampart. To the south of this burial ground on the border of the northwestern foothills of Altai in the Aleiskaya steppe, a similar monument, Bugry, was investigated. This necropolis dates back to the end of the Scythian-Saka time. The mounds of the Pyatkov Log-I burial ground and most of the other elite mounds of the Volchikhinsky region also belong to this period. Keywords: Altai Territory, barrow group, "elite" burial structures, early Iron Age, Scythian-Saka time, Kulunda, Priobskoe plateau

Osteometric Study of an Early Iron Age Postcranial Sample from Lower Kama Region (Novo-Sasykul Burial Ground).

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir V. Kufterin ◽  
Elizaveta V. Volkova
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Canonical Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Early Iron Age ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Body Type ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Average Body Length ◽  
Culture Sample ◽  
Average Body

The article outlines results of an osteometric study of a postcranial sample (22 male and 30 female skeletons) from Novo-Sasykul burial ground in the Lower Kama region (Pyany Bor culture). Novo-Sasykul necropolis dates back to between the I and the turn of the II–III cc. AD. In total, the Sasykul population is characterized by a mesomorphic (with a tendency to dolichomorphism) body type proportions and an average or higher than average body length. Results of intragroup analysis allow to conclude that the studied sample was mixed. Results of the intergroup canonical discriminant analysis demonstrate the greatest proximity of the Novo-Sasykul postcranial skeletons to the Mazunino culture samples (Pokrovsky, Dubrovsky and Boyarsky “Arai” burial grounds), as well as to the Pyany Bor culture sample from Stary Chekmak cemetery. The latter thesis does not apply to female skeletons from Stary Chekmak, characterized by a rather “harmonious” ratio of the limb segment lengths and do not show a tendency towards relative lengthening of the tibia. A slight increase in the crural index may be a specific feature of the Pyany Bor and Mazunino culture population groups from the Kama region.

NEW RESULTS OF THE RESEARCH ONTO THE EARLY IRON AGE BURIAL MOUNDS AT THE KHANKAISKY DOL BURIAL GROUND

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
DASHKOVSKIY P. ◽  
◽  
OZHIGANOV A. ◽  
SAVKO I. ◽  
Shershneva E. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Gold Foil ◽  
Burial Mound ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
State University ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Pazyryk Culture ◽  
State Pedagogical ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Northern Wall

The article presents the results of the study of mounds N26 and N33 at the Khankarinsky Dol burial ground, located in the Krasnoshchekovsky district ofthe Altai Territory. The excavations were carried out by the Krasnoshchekovskaya archaeological expedition of Altai State University with the participation of students of the Barnaul State Pedagogical University. As a result of the excavations, it was revealed that both mounds had been robbed, which makes their chronological attribution difficult. At the same time, the inventory in the form of fragments of gold foil was found only in mound No. 33. Recorded during the excavation of mound No. 33 features of the burial rite is the position of the deceased on his right side, facing to the East, accompanying burial of the horse along the Northern wall of the grave, ritual food, have certain analogies to previously explored objects of the Pazyryk culture on the necropolis Khankarinsky Dol and the nearby burial grounds Inskoy Dol and Chineta-II. In addition, such signs of the funeral rite find parallels with similar indicators for the sites of the Pazyryk period excavated in the Central and South-Eastern Altai. Mound No. 26, taking into account the analysis of the burial structure, the eastern orientation of the deceased, the presence of ritual meat food, the location next to the chain of mounds of the Pazyryk culture, gives reason to tentatively attribute it to the Scythian-Saka period. Keywords: funeral ceremony, Scythian-Saka period, burial mound, altai, artifacts

scholarly journals Bones of the Earth: Imitation as Meaning in Viking Age Burial Ritual

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Tore Artelius ◽  
Mats Lindqvist
Keyword(s):  
Iron Age ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Natural Stone ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Viking Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Dead ◽  
Burial Grounds ◽  
Ritual Context

From excavation results of a pre-Roman Iron Age and Viking Age burialgroundin Västergötland, an example is presented ofhow religious meaning became projected into Viking Age burial ritual through imitation of an already then ancient custom. The burial-ground was abandoned for a period of at least 600 hundred years in between the two periods. In the Pre-Roman Iron Age and Viking Age graves the custom of depositing flakes of firecracked natural stone was documented. From a Viking Age perspective the tradition was imitated and derived from the urnfield burial-grounds ofther late pre-Roman Iron Age. The authors link the Viking Age ritual behaviour  to the sagas, where stones are presented as symbolical representations of the human body and as cosmological parts of the skeleton that kept the earth together. In the interpretation it is argued that the very concrete use of older graves was essential in the Viking Age burial custom. In this specific example, the deposition of stones in the Viking Age ritual context is interpreted as a projection and representation of the past and the bodies of the dead.

scholarly journals The Late Hallstatt Age Burials of Southern Transdanubia and A Missing Link

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 409-442
Author(s):  
Bence Soós
Keyword(s):  
Social Relationships ◽  
Iron Age ◽  
Mortuary Practices ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Cultural Relations ◽  
Missing Link ◽  
Middle Iron Age ◽  
Burial Grounds

For almost four decades our knowledge about the Late Hallstatt Age in southern Transdanubia has been fundamentally shaped by two significant sites: the burial ground near Beremend and Szentlőrinc. New discoveries in today’s Tolna County, however, lead us to revise some of conclusions drawn based on these sites as well as to realise the complex ways how the burial grounds and the communities using them were integrated into different cultural and social relationships of various scales. One of the main questions is how to interpret the differences and similarities between the two sites. In my view, the recently discovered sites near Alsónyék, Paks and Tolna-Mözs provide new insight how to evaluate the above question and what the mortuary practices of the Middle Iron Age population of southern Transdanubia can tell us about the cultural relations of the region’s communities.

scholarly journals Programming of the reproductive axis by hormonal and genetic manipulation in mice

Reproduction ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana B Rulli ◽  
María Julia Cambiasso ◽  
Laura D Ratner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Genetic Manipulation ◽  
Sex Differentiation ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Gonadal Steroids ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Female Reproduction ◽  
Control Male ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
The Brain

In mammals, the reproductive function is controlled by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. During development, mechanisms mediated by gonadal steroids exert an imprinting at the hypothalamic-pituitary level, by establishing sexual differences in the circuits that control male and female reproduction. In rodents, the testicular production of androgens increases drastically during the fetal/neonatal stage. This process is essential for the masculinization of the reproductive tract, genitals and brain. The conversion of androgens to estrogens in the brain is crucial for the male sexual differentiation and behavior. Conversely, feminization of the brain occurs in the absence of high levels of gonadal steroids during the perinatal period in females. Potential genetic contribution to the differentiation of brain cells through direct effects of genes located on sex chromosomes is also relevant. In this review, we will focus on the phenotypic alterations that occur on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis of transgenic mice with persistently elevated expression of the human chorionic gonadotropin hormone (hCG). Excess of endogenously synthesized gonadal steroids due to a constant hCG stimulation is able to disrupt the developmental programming of the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in both transgenic males and females. Locally produced estrogens by the hypothalamic aromatase might play a key role in the phenotype of these mice. The “four core genotypes” mouse model demonstrated a potential influence of sex chromosome genes in brain masculinization before critical periods of sex differentiation. Thus, hormonal and genetic factors interact to regulate the local production of the neurosteroids necessary for the programming of the male and female reproductive function.

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