scholarly journals The studies on the Sungir Upper Paleolithic site in 2014–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-35
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Voskresenskaya ◽  
Daria Eskova ◽  
Sergey Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Technological Study

The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations carried out on the Sungir in 2014-2015. The main purpose of these works was to obtain new data on the spatial structure of the cultural layer of the Sungir site. The relevance of these studies is caused by still unsolved question of whether Sungir can be considered as a site with a complex archaeological stratigraphy or the features of its spatial structure are only the result of natural postdepositional processes. Descriptions and characteristics of the stratigraphy of sediments, the spatial organization of the cultural layer, the species’ attribution and taphonomy of the faunal collection, the typology and technology of the stone industry, as well as new radiocarbon dating are given. It is noted that the excavations of 2015 were conducted on the peripheral part of the accumulations which were opened in the excavation unit III by O.N. Bader. Most of the animal bones found during excavations can be considered as belonging to species that the settlers hunted. The analysis of the stone inventory allowed us to identify the following production chains of manufacture: the production of large flakes, the production of blades, and the production of thin bifaces. The data obtained during the typological and technological study of blades and bladelets make it possible to suggest the existence of the fundamental differences between the Sungir industry and the industries of the Aurignacian technocomplex. Predominance of large flakes in the Sungir stone industry, as well as the characteristic techniques in bifaces production, which were recorded in the collection, allow us to consider so-called Streletskian culture as a more reasonable analogy to it. The stratigraphic position both of artifacts and accumulations of archaeological material, as well as the spatial context of the dated bone samples from reconnaissance trench No. 4 (2014), support the conclusion that the cultural layer of the Sungir site was formed in several stages. The results of archaeological work carried out on Sungir in 2014–2015 indicate the real perspectives for its further study. One of the urgent tasks facing the researchers of this outstanding site is the reconstruction of the spatial structure, including its archaeological stratigraphy.

scholarly journals Middle Paleolithic Site Sukhaya Mechёtka: the Renewal of Complex Investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-253
Author(s):  
Aleksander Otcherednoy ◽  
Stanislav Remizov ◽  
Ksenia Stepanova ◽  
Maxim Eltsov ◽  
Ekaterina Voskresenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
The Last Glacial

The Sukhaya Mechёtka site, located on the northern outskirts of Volgograd, has attracted the attention of Paleolithic researchers since its discovery in 1951 by geologists A.I.Koptev and M.N. Grishchenko. The materials of the site - a collection of stone products currently kept at the MAE RAS, and chronostratigraphic information – can be considered as perfect by standards of open Paleolithic complexes. To a large extent, the site acquired such a significance due to the presence of the only one perfectly preserved cultural layer, which lies in clear stratigraphic conditions. Being densely overlapped with thick deposits, the site was preserved so well that it remained unaffected by the turbulent natural processes of the last glacial-interglacial macrocycle. Single-layer sites usually have a disadvantage comparing to multi-layer complexes in terms of the importance level of the tasks solved with their help. But the Sukhaya Mechёtka favorably differs from other sites by the measure of cultural layer being studied in the field and the potential for further studies. The stone assemblage and field documentation archives created by M.Z. Panichkina and S.N. Zamyatnin show a picture of the life of Middle Paleolithic hunters settlement taken at limited time interval. It is confirmed by preliminary results of planigraphic and technological analyzes performed with use of refitting. Sukhaya Mechёtka is a practically intact echo of an individual Neanderthal community’s life, as far as it’s possible for archaeological material of this age. However, the matter of the site’s chronology, and the time period of Sukhaya Mechёtka layer formation being determined in particular, are not completely resolved. The representations of the middle of the last century based on geological observations (Mikulino) need to be verified. The C14 dating method showed obviously an inadequately young age. OSL dating results are expected to be gained in the future.

scholarly journals 14C Dating of the Upper Paleolithic Site at Krems-Hundssteig in Lower Austria

Radiocarbon ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
E M Wild ◽  
C Neugebauer-Maresch ◽  
T Einwögerer ◽  
P Stadler ◽  
P Steier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Archaeological Site ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Radiocarbon Date ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Archaeological Remains ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Paleolithic Site

The open-air archaeological site at Krems-Hundssteig is a well-known Upper Paleolithic site located in Lower Austria. The site was discovered in the late 19th/early 20th centuries when a large number of archaeological remains were collected during the course of loess quarrying. Although no systematic excavation has ever been performed, Krems-Hundssteig has been described since its discovery as typical of the Aurignacian period in this region based on the numerous archaeological finds; accordingly, the culture has been named Kremsien by some authors. Surprisingly, the artifacts found in a recent excavation adjacent to this location showed solely Gravettian features, calling into question the original assignment to the Aurignacian. Although the earlier assignment was supported by a radiocarbon date of ∼35 kyr BP (Hahn 1977), new accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates proved that the recently excavated cultural layer originates from the Gravettian period. Older paleosols were also detected by sondage drillings at some depth below it.The new results indicate that a large Aurignacian level and a substantial complex of Gravettian layers are present in this area. Therefore, it must be assumed that more than 1 cultural level was affected and destroyed by the historic loess quarrying, and that the assemblage of Krems-Hundssteig artifacts, traditionally ascribed to the Aurignacian, might be interspersed with Gravettian pieces.

scholarly journals BARMAKY SITE IN THE CONTEXT OF EPIGRAVETTIAN OF THE MIDDLE DNIEPER BASIN

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 107-125
Author(s):  
V. P. Chabai ◽  
D. V. Stupak ◽  
A. P. Veselsky ◽  
D. V. Dudnyk
Keyword(s):  
Red Deer ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Loess Deposits ◽  
Fauna Composition

The Upper Paleolithic site Barmaky, 2nd cultural layer from Volyhnia-Lublin upland is the most western manifestation of Epigravettian of the Mid Dnieper basin. During several field campaigns the 147 m2 of cultural deposits with three pits and one chalk / marl concentration were studied (fig. 1). The silty-loess deposits of Barmaky, 2 accumulated about 19 kyr cal BP (table 1) under the permafrost conditions. The fauna assemblage is represented by: mammoths, bison, reindeer, red deer, horse, bear, wolf, wolverine, polar fox, fox and hare. More than 100 thousand artifacts were recovered during the last two field campaigns. In essential account (without chips, chunks, unidentifiable debitage), the artifacts assemblage is represented by: cores and pre-cores — 0.87 %; flakes — 45.23; blades — 17.34; bladelets — 14.27; micro-blades — 7.34; burin spalls — 8.08; tools — 6.79 % (table 2). The reduction sequences are based on the flaking of uni-, bidirectional sub-cylindrical and narrow flaking surface unidirectional cores for blades and bladelets (table 3; fig. 2). There is no evidence of micro-blade technology implication. The structure of tool-kit is characterized by the dominance of burins — about 50 %; microliths — 25 %; and truncated pieces — about 18 % (table 4). The rest of tool classes are represented by a few percentages each. Among them are the end-scrapers on blades with truncated base (fig. 3). The most part of burins are represented by pieces made on obliquely truncated blades (table 5; fig. 4). Also, the obliquely truncated blades dominate the truncated pieces assemblage (table 6; fig. 5). The most representative type of microliths is the micro-points with abruptly retouched straight back and obliquely retouched base (table 7; fig. 6). The points, pendants, bracelet fragment made on tusk and perforated fossil marine shells from local chalk deposits are available. The composition of microliths, burins and end-scrapers in Barmaky, 2 tool-kit is characteristic to the cultural layers beyond the dwelling structures on such base-camps as Mezhyrich (fig. 7). Also, the presences of pits and fauna composition are close to what expected from Epigravettian base-camps. The artifacts assemblage of Barmaky, 2 belongs to the Mizyn industry. Also, Barmaky, 2 is the earliest manifestation of Epigravettian in the Mid Dnieper basin.

scholarly journals Výsledky revízneho výskumu mladopaleolitickej lokality v Moravanoch nad Váhom-Podkovici (Slovenská republika)

2021 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Bibiána Hromadová ◽  
Adrián Nemergut ◽  
Laurent Klaric ◽  
Martina Moravcová Ábelová ◽  
Martin Vlačiky
Keyword(s):  
Field Research ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
The North ◽  
Multidisciplinary Analysis ◽  
New Material ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
Cultural Classification ◽  
Stone Industry

The Paleolithic site in Moravany nad Váhom-Podkovica is located in the north-eastern part of the Moravian settlement area and is among the most famous Upper Paleolithic sites in Slovakia. It is a key site of the Willendorf-Kostenkian and the so-called shouldered Point Horizon in Central Europe. Despite decades of research, interest during the previous century and the numerous existing – but lost or scattered – collections, the context of the finds and the characteristics of the cultural layers remain almost unknown. Modern research methods and the absence of the relevant chrono-cultural classification of the assemblages led to reopening the field research. This research aims to review and reassess the results of older excavations, to identify the exact location of the site and the conditions of the preservation of the layers. The goal is also to collect new material suitable for multidisciplinary analysis and dating as most of the old collections have been scattered. The new excavations conducted at the site in 2016 and 2019 brought interesting results, such as a preserved anthropogenic layer with an evident structure filled with datable material. This article presents the methodology and the results of this work with a focus on the first mineralogical evaluations, the analysis of faunal remains and an overview of the stone industry.

scholarly journals Stone industry of the Kamennobalkovsky culture – current state of research (on the materials of the 2nd cultural layer of sites Kamennaya Balka II and Tretiy Mys)

2020 ◽  
pp. 66-85
Author(s):  
Nina Anatol'evna Khaikunova ◽  
Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Vinogradova
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Current State ◽  
Cultural Layers ◽  
The Subject ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
Stone Industry

The subject of this research is the collection of tools from the middle cultural layers of Upper Paleolithic monuments Kamennaya Balka II and the Tretiy Mys located in the Lower Don. The monuments that have been studied over the course of 50 years by scientific archaeological expeditions of Moscow University and State Historical Museum required additional examination and clarification of the main characteristics of stone industry, according to which was determined the Kamennobalkovsky Paleolithic culture. The traditional typological method of research was applied in working with the collections. The basic categories of tools processed via morphological analysis served as the foundation for this research. The author describes and compares the main categories of instrument, such as microliths with a blunted point, incisors, scrapers, burins, scaly and denticulate tools. The author identified and verified the signs that confirm similarity of the monuments and discrepancies in morphology of the groups and categories of tools. As a result, belonging of the middle cultural layers of monuments to Kamennobalkovsky culture was verified, which implies the 1,500-2,000 years of existence and development of the culture. It is also noted that the differences can be of temporal or industrial in nature at different sites of the monuments. The inventory of the main cultural layer of Kamennaya Balka II and 2nd cultural layer of the site Tretiy Mys is characterized with individual attributes that are distinct from the earlier or later layers of Kamennaya Balka sites.

scholarly journals A Molecular Approach to the Sexing of the Triple Burial at the Upper Paleolithic Site of Dolní Věstonice

PLoS ONE ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. e0163019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alissa Mittnik ◽  
Chuan-Chao Wang ◽  
Jiří Svoboda ◽  
Johannes Krause
Keyword(s):  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Molecular Approach ◽  
Paleolithic Site

scholarly journals Spatial and Temporal Features of the Growth of a Bacterial Species Colonizing the Zebrafish Gut

mBio ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Jemielita ◽  
Michael J. Taormina ◽  
Adam R. Burns ◽  
Jennifer S. Hampton ◽  
Annah S. Rolig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Growth Kinetics ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Light Sheet ◽  
Logistic Growth ◽  
Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy

ABSTRACTThe vertebrate intestine is home to microbial ecosystems that play key roles in host development and health. Little is known about the spatial and temporal dynamics of these microbial communities, limiting our understanding of fundamental properties, such as their mechanisms of growth, propagation, and persistence. To address this, we inoculated initially germ-free zebrafish larvae with fluorescently labeled strains of anAeromonasspecies, representing an abundant genus in the zebrafish gut. Using light sheet fluorescence microscopy to obtain three-dimensional images spanning the gut, we quantified the entire bacterial load, as founding populations grew from tens to tens of thousands of cells over several hours. The data yield the first ever measurements of the growth kinetics of a microbial species inside a live vertebrate intestine and show dynamics that robustly fit a logistic growth model. Intriguingly, bacteria were nonuniformly distributed throughout the gut, and bacterial aggregates showed considerably higher growth rates than did discrete individuals. The form of aggregate growth indicates intrinsically higher division rates for clustered bacteria, rather than surface-mediated agglomeration onto clusters. Thus, the spatial organization of gut bacteria both relative to the host and to each other impacts overall growth kinetics, suggesting that spatial characterizations will be an important input to predictive models of host-associated microbial community assembly.IMPORTANCEOur intestines are home to vast numbers of microbes that influence many aspects of health and disease. Though we now know a great deal about the constituents of the gut microbiota, we understand very little about their spatial structure and temporal dynamics in humans or in any animal: how microbial populations establish themselves, grow, fluctuate, and persist. To address this, we made use of a model organism, the zebrafish, and a new optical imaging technique, light sheet fluorescence microscopy, to visualize for the first time the colonization of a live, vertebrate gut by specific bacteria with sufficient resolution to quantify the population over a range from a few individuals to tens of thousands of bacterial cells. Our results provide unprecedented measures of bacterial growth kinetics and also show the influence of spatial structure on bacterial populations, which can be revealed only by direct imaging.

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