scholarly journals Middle Paleolithic Site Sukhaya Mechёtka: the Renewal of Complex Investigations

2020 ◽  
pp. 230-253
Author(s):  
Aleksander Otcherednoy ◽  
Stanislav Remizov ◽  
Ksenia Stepanova ◽  
Maxim Eltsov ◽  
Ekaterina Voskresenskaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Single Layer ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Natural Processes ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
The Last Glacial

The Sukhaya Mechёtka site, located on the northern outskirts of Volgograd, has attracted the attention of Paleolithic researchers since its discovery in 1951 by geologists A.I.Koptev and M.N. Grishchenko. The materials of the site - a collection of stone products currently kept at the MAE RAS, and chronostratigraphic information – can be considered as perfect by standards of open Paleolithic complexes. To a large extent, the site acquired such a significance due to the presence of the only one perfectly preserved cultural layer, which lies in clear stratigraphic conditions. Being densely overlapped with thick deposits, the site was preserved so well that it remained unaffected by the turbulent natural processes of the last glacial-interglacial macrocycle. Single-layer sites usually have a disadvantage comparing to multi-layer complexes in terms of the importance level of the tasks solved with their help. But the Sukhaya Mechёtka favorably differs from other sites by the measure of cultural layer being studied in the field and the potential for further studies. The stone assemblage and field documentation archives created by M.Z. Panichkina and S.N. Zamyatnin show a picture of the life of Middle Paleolithic hunters settlement taken at limited time interval. It is confirmed by preliminary results of planigraphic and technological analyzes performed with use of refitting. Sukhaya Mechёtka is a practically intact echo of an individual Neanderthal community’s life, as far as it’s possible for archaeological material of this age. However, the matter of the site’s chronology, and the time period of Sukhaya Mechёtka layer formation being determined in particular, are not completely resolved. The representations of the middle of the last century based on geological observations (Mikulino) need to be verified. The C14 dating method showed obviously an inadequately young age. OSL dating results are expected to be gained in the future.

scholarly journals Radiocarbon Dating the Last Glacial-Interglacial Transition (Ca. 14–9 14C Ka Bp) in Terrestrial and Marine Records: The Need for New Quality Assurance Protocols

Radiocarbon ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
J John Lowe ◽  
Michael J C Walker
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Radiocarbon Dating ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Cold Stage ◽  
Dating Method ◽  
New Challenges ◽  
Important Time ◽  
The Last Glacial

The publication during the 1990s of Greenland ice-core records spanning the transition from the Last Cold Stage to the present interglacial (ca. 14–9 14C ka BP) presented new challenges to scientists working on marine and terrestrial sequences from this important time interval. In particular, there is now an overriding imperative to increase the levels of precision by which events during this period can be dated and correlated. We review some of the problems commonly encountered when using radiocarbon dating for these purposes, and consider some of the new approaches that will be required if this dating method is to provide a basis for a high precision chronology for the last glacial-interglacial transition.

scholarly journals Preliminary data on preservation of the cultural layer of the Middle Paleolithic site of Sukhaya Mechetka (excavation 1)

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-46
Author(s):  
Alisa Larionova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Control Point ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Preliminary Results

The Sukhaya Mechetka Middle Paleolithic site which was excavated over a wide area (around 650 m2) is one of few Eastern European sites where 3D fixation of every find was done. The study is focused on estimation of cultural layer preservation in the excavation 1. This yielded possibility to define zones of different production activities within homogeneous horizons. The analysis of archaeostratigraphy demonstrated homogeneity of the most parts of cultural horizon. While its thickness usually varies from 5 to 35 cm in few cases it reaches 105 cm. It is suggested that most areas with disturbed cultural horizons are associated with a shift of control point or related near the ravine zone. This article presents preliminary results, research will continue. The archaeostratigraphy analysis for excavation 2, refitting data analysis, field documentation from the personal archive of S.N. Zamyatnin, quantitative and qualitative analysis of the composition of finds within different zones of the site will allow a more detailed understanding the problem posed.

scholarly journals The studies on the Sungir Upper Paleolithic site in 2014–2015

2021 ◽  
pp. 8-35
Author(s):  
Konstantin Gavrilov ◽  
◽  
Ekaterina Voskresenskaya ◽  
Daria Eskova ◽  
Sergey Lev ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Structure ◽  
Spatial Organization ◽  
Upper Paleolithic ◽  
Cultural Layer ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Stratigraphic Position ◽  
Archaeological Work ◽  
Stone Industry ◽  
Technological Study

The article is devoted to the results of archaeological excavations carried out on the Sungir in 2014-2015. The main purpose of these works was to obtain new data on the spatial structure of the cultural layer of the Sungir site. The relevance of these studies is caused by still unsolved question of whether Sungir can be considered as a site with a complex archaeological stratigraphy or the features of its spatial structure are only the result of natural postdepositional processes. Descriptions and characteristics of the stratigraphy of sediments, the spatial organization of the cultural layer, the species’ attribution and taphonomy of the faunal collection, the typology and technology of the stone industry, as well as new radiocarbon dating are given. It is noted that the excavations of 2015 were conducted on the peripheral part of the accumulations which were opened in the excavation unit III by O.N. Bader. Most of the animal bones found during excavations can be considered as belonging to species that the settlers hunted. The analysis of the stone inventory allowed us to identify the following production chains of manufacture: the production of large flakes, the production of blades, and the production of thin bifaces. The data obtained during the typological and technological study of blades and bladelets make it possible to suggest the existence of the fundamental differences between the Sungir industry and the industries of the Aurignacian technocomplex. Predominance of large flakes in the Sungir stone industry, as well as the characteristic techniques in bifaces production, which were recorded in the collection, allow us to consider so-called Streletskian culture as a more reasonable analogy to it. The stratigraphic position both of artifacts and accumulations of archaeological material, as well as the spatial context of the dated bone samples from reconnaissance trench No. 4 (2014), support the conclusion that the cultural layer of the Sungir site was formed in several stages. The results of archaeological work carried out on Sungir in 2014–2015 indicate the real perspectives for its further study. One of the urgent tasks facing the researchers of this outstanding site is the reconstruction of the spatial structure, including its archaeological stratigraphy.

scholarly journals The Middle Paleolithic Occupations of Mutzig-Rain (Alsace, France)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Héloïse Koehler ◽  
Fabio Wegmüller ◽  
Benjamin Audiard ◽  
Patrick Auguste ◽  
Jean-Jacques Bahain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cold Climate ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Faunal Remains ◽  
Paleolithic Site ◽  
Stratigraphic Sequence ◽  
Oxygen And Carbon Isotope ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
Lithic Artifacts ◽  
Steppe Bison

The Paleolithic site of Mutzig, discovered by chance in 1992 (Sainty 1992), has been the focus of several excavations since 2009. Located in Alsace (Bas-Rhin, France), it is presently one of only a handful of sites reliably attributed to the Middle Paleolithic in this area, thus providing rare evidence for a zone still relatively unknown for Early Prehistoric remains. The excellent preservation of the remains and the long stratigraphic sequence, with 6 to 8 in situ archaeological levels, make Mutzig a potential reference site for environmental and behavioral analyses for the Middle Paleolithic of the region. At least four archaeological levels contain burnt elements, and one level features a hearth structure. Taken together, the archaeological material, which is abundant in each of the different layers, forms an assemblage of more than 3000 faunal remains and more than 1500 lithic artifacts. Analyses of this site provide valuable insights into the environment and Neandertal ways of life in Alsace. We provide here only general results, with more detailed descriptions of the lithic and faunal remains presented in Diemer (this volume) and Sévêque (this volume). The faunal remains recovered from the human occupations in Levels 5 and 7 reflect the same relatively cold steppe-like environmental context and include reindeer, woolly mammoth, steppe horse, steppe bison and woolly rhinoceros. Small vertebrates also indicate a cold climate, though not related to the Pleniglacial. Confirmed isotopic data, from oxygen and carbon isotope measurements of horse and mammoth teeth, indicate temperatures lower than those of today and an open environment. Levels 9 and 10, however, tend to reveal a more temperate climate. The available OSL and ESR/U-series dates place the Mutzig occupations within the Early Weichselian Glacial (MIS 5, ca. 90,000 BP), an attribution which biometric analyses and the large and small fauna record tend to corroborate (Koehler et al. 2016a).

Utilization of remote sensing for estimation of scale of cutting and growing of forest zones

2017 ◽  
Vol 920 (2) ◽  
pp. 57-60
Author(s):  
F.E. Guliyeva
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Average Value ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Remote Estimation ◽  
The Given ◽  
Forest Cutting

The study of results of relevant works on remote sensing of forests has shown that the known methods of remote estimation of forest cuts and growth don’t allow to calculate the objective average value of forests cut volume during the fixed time period. The existing mathematical estimates are not monotonous and make it possible to estimate primitively the scale of cutting by computing the ratio of data in two fixed time points. In the article the extreme properties of the considered estimates for deforestation and reforestation models are researched. The extreme features of integrated averaged values of given estimates upon limitations applied on variables, characterizing the deforestation and reforestation processes are studied. The integrated parameter, making it possible to calculate the averaged value of estimates of forest cutting, computed for all fixed time period with a fixed step is suggested. It is shown mathematically that the given estimate has a monotonous feature in regard of value of given time interval and make it possible to evaluate objectively the scales of forest cutting.

ESR DATING TEETH FROM GOLEMA PEŠT: ABSOLUTE DATES FOR MACEDONIA'S ONLY MIDDLE PALEOLITHIC SITE

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clara L.C. Huang ◽  
◽  
Bonnie A.B. Blackwell ◽  
Ljiljana S. Korobar ◽  
Jialin Zhuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Middle Paleolithic ◽  
Esr Dating ◽  
Paleolithic Site

scholarly journals Environmental and Oceanographic Conditions at the Continental Margin of the Central Basin, Northwestern Ross Sea (Antarctica) Since the Last Glacial Maximum

Geosciences ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Fiorenza Torricella ◽  
Romana Melis ◽  
Elisa Malinverno ◽  
Giorgio Fontolan ◽  
Mauro Bussi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continental Margin ◽  
Ross Sea ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Central Basin ◽  
Ice Shelf ◽  
Last Glacial ◽  
Ross Ice Shelf ◽  
Sedimentary Sequences ◽  
Ash Layer ◽  
The Last Glacial

The continental margin is a key area for studying the sedimentary processes related to the advance and retreat of the Ross Ice Shelf (Antarctica); nevertheless, much remains to be investigated. The aim of this study is to increase the knowledge of the last glacial/deglacial dynamics in the Central Basin slope–basin system using a multidisciplinary approach, including integrated sedimentological, micropaleontological and tephrochronological information. The analyses carried out on three box cores highlighted sedimentary sequences characterised by tree stratigraphic units. Collected sediments represent a time interval from 24 ka Before Present (BP) to the present time. Grain size clustering and data on the sortable silt component, together with diatom, silicoflagellate and foraminifera assemblages indicate the influence of the ice shelf calving zone (Unit 1, 24–17 ka BP), progressive receding due to Circumpolar Deep Water inflow (Unit 2, 17–10.2 ka BP) and (Unit 3, 10.2 ka BP–present) the establishment of seasonal sea ice with a strengthening of bottom currents. The dominant and persistent process is a sedimentation controlled by contour currents, which tend to modulate intensity in time and space. A primary volcanic ash layer dated back at around 22 ka BP is correlated with the explosive activity of Mount Rittmann.

scholarly journals Evaluate of head loss, sediment value and copper removal in sand media (rapid sand filter)

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daneshi Navab ◽  
Banejad Hossein ◽  
Pirtag Hamedany Reza ◽  
Daneshi Vahab ◽  
Farokhi Maedeh
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Copper Concentration ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Single Layer ◽  
Head Loss ◽  
Copper Removal ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Sand Filter

Along with the technology development and increasing consumption of water resources, we are experiencing low qualities in the mentioned resources. Copper brings about serious environment al pollution, threatening human health and ecosystem. This metal found variously in water resources and industrial activities. Therefore, it needs to treat the water resources from these excessive amounts. Different methods have used for this reason but the most used method during recent years has been the absorption by economic absorbers such as sand. Rapid sand filters usually used in water and wastewater treatment plants for water clarification. In this research, a single layer gravity rapid sand filter has used to reduce different concentrations of copper. sediment value and head loss arising in filter media is simulated by using combination of Carman-Kozeny, Rose and Gregory models in different discharges of rapid sand filter. Results have shown that with increasing in discharge and decreasing in input copper concentration, arriving time to given head loss, is increasing. In addition, results demonstrated that with increasing in copper concentration in influent, removal efficiency is decreasing somewhat. Results of this research can applied in an appropriate design of rapid sand filter to copper removal, a prediction of rapid sand filter ability to copper removal and an estimation of arising head loss during filter work thus evaluating of time interval backwash. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v3i2.10641 International Journal of the Environment Vol.3(2) 2014: 276-286

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document