scholarly journals Statistical analyses of chemical and physical properties of alluvial soils in the Belaya river valley (Near-Angara region) and its interpretation

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.A. Korshunova ◽  
◽  
S.L. Kuklina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
River Valley ◽  
Statistical Analyses ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Alluvial Soils ◽  
Data Location ◽  
Humus Horizons

The aim of the study: to describe chemical and physical properties of alluvial soils using a big array of data. Location and time of the study. The study was carried out in the Belaya River valley from 1993 to 2019. Methodology. The data of 237 soil samples collected from genetic horizons of alluvial soils from the Belaya River Valley (52º40'–53º00'N, 103º00'–104º00'E, Priangariye, Russia) were statistically processed by using descriptive statistics, cluster and correlation analyses. To perform statistical analyses soil samples were grouped according to their humus content: all horizons, all humus horizons, all non-humus horizons. Main results. Most of the horizons were characterized as slightly alkaline, sandy loam, medium humus ones. The positive relationship between exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ is due to their joint presence in parent rock material, i.e. dolomite. Cluster analysis allowed identifying groups of horizons (for example, mineral and mineral-organogenic), sharply differing in properties. Conclusion. The presented chemical and physical properties of alluvial soils described using a big array of soil samples, can be used as a reference for monitoring their change in the future due to various natural and anthropogenic factors.

Influence of forest vegetation on color, reflectivity and humus content in ordinary chernozems

2019 ◽  
Vol 48 ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
V. A. Gorban ◽  
O. V. Khmelenko ◽  
A. O. Huslistyj ◽  
O. G. Tetiukha
Keyword(s):  
Humus Horizon ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steppe Vegetation ◽  
Color Characteristics ◽  
Color Indices ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
Humus Horizons

The effect of acacia and oak plantations on the color, reflectivity and humus content in ordinary chernozems was investigated. As a result, it was found that among the humus horizons of the studied soils, the darkest are the horizons H1 and H2 of the chernozem under steppe vegetation and oak planting, and the least dark – the horizon H of the chernozem under acacia plantation. These horizons are distinguished by the smallest values ​​of H, S, B, R, G, B, L and the reflectivity and the highest values ​​of C, M, Y, K. Chernozem under oak stands has the greatest variability of color characteristics, the smallest – chernozem under acacia planting and chernozem under the steppe vegetation occupies an intermediate position. In general, the lowest values ​​of H, S, B, R, G, B, L and the highest values ​​of C, M, Y, K are characteristic of the horizons H1 and H2 of chernozem under oak. The highest content of total humus (4.58%) was found in the H1 horizon of chernozem under the steppe vegetation. In the H1 horizon of chernozem under oak planting, the content of total humus is slightly lower (3.76%), but this indicator is the maximum for the soil. The lowest total humus content in the upper humus horizon (2.63%) was found in chernozem under acacia. On the whole, the highest content of total humus is observed in the upper horizons, and its content decreases with depth. The calculation of the correlation coefficients allowed to establish for the soil samples in the air-dry state the existence of a close feedback between the humus content and the values ​​of the color indices H, S, B, R, G, B, L, and, to the greatest extent, the reflectivity (Δρ = ρ650– ρ480 and ρ750). The existence of a direct close relationship was found between humus content and C, M, and K values, and to a certain extent Y. The calculation of correlation coefficients revealed for soil samples in the wet state a close feedback between humus content and H, S, B, R, G, B, L and Y values. The existence of a direct close relationship is found between humus content and color values ​​C, M and K. In general, the effect of oak planting on chernozem is manifested in a greater intensification of the intensity of dark color, a decrease in reflectivity and an increase in the humus content in the upper horizons compared to acacia planting.

scholarly journals Stabilization of soil hydraulic properties under a long term no-till system

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 1281-1292 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Lozano ◽  
Carlos Germán Soracco ◽  
Vicente S. Buda ◽  
Guillermo O. Sarli ◽  
Roberto Raúl Filgueira
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Hydraulic Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Soil Physical Properties ◽  
Water Retention Curve ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Crop Sequence

The area under the no-tillage system (NT) has been increasing over the last few years. Some authors indicate that stabilization of soil physical properties is reached after some years under NT while other authors debate this. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the last crop in the rotation sequence (1st year: maize, 2nd year: soybean, 3rd year: wheat/soybean) on soil pore configuration and hydraulic properties in two different soils (site 1: loam, site 2: sandy loam) from the Argentinean Pampas region under long-term NT treatments in order to determine if stabilization of soil physical properties is reached apart from a specific time in the crop sequence. In addition, we compared two procedures for evaluating water-conducting macroporosities, and evaluated the efficiency of the pedotransfer function ROSETTA in estimating the parameters of the van Genuchten-Mualem (VGM) model in these soils. Soil pore configuration and hydraulic properties were not stable and changed according to the crop sequence and the last crop grown in both sites. For both sites, saturated hydraulic conductivity, K0, water-conducting macroporosity, εma, and flow-weighted mean pore radius, R0ma, increased from the 1st to the 2nd year of the crop sequence, and this was attributed to the creation of water-conducting macropores by the maize roots. The VGM model adequately described the water retention curve (WRC) for these soils, but not the hydraulic conductivity (K) vs tension (h) curve. The ROSETTA function failed in the estimation of these parameters. In summary, mean values of K0 ranged from 0.74 to 3.88 cm h-1. In studies on NT effects on soil physical properties, the crop effect must be considered.

scholarly journals Эффективность применения селенитов в период вегетации для обогащения чеснока селеном

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.V. Polykov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva
Keyword(s):  
Consumption Rate ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Leaf Growth ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Open Ground ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Sodium And Potassium ◽  
Root Treatment

Цель исследования усовершенствование способа обогащения растений чеснока селеном до уровня суточной нормы потребления путем обработки вегетирующих растений растворами селенитов натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно-активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом. Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в 20162018 годах, на супесчаной почве, содержание гумуса в которой составляло 3,413,44, рНKCl 6,7, степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляло 22,7824,62 мг (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений осенью под основную обработку в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2, в период вегетации проводили подкормки растений: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в течение периода исследований были благоприятны для выращивания чеснока. Поливы проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Исследования проведены на чесноке озимом сорта Гладиатор. Схема опытов предполагала предпосадочное замачивание зубков в течение 30 мин. и последующую двукратную обработку вегетирующих растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами (1) и диметилсульфоксидом (1): первый раз в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев и второй через три недели. Установлено, что некорневая обработка растений селенитом натрия была в 2,3 раза, а селенитом калия в 5,8 раза эффективнее, чем корневая. Сделан вывод о том, что луковицы чеснока, полученные, в результате некорневой обработки растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом содержат в 145,3169,8 раза больше селена, чем контроль, что позволяет получить зубки, содержащие селен в концентрации 6,837,98 мг/кг. Суточная норма потребления чеснока составляет примерно 10 г, средняя потребность в селене составляет от 30 до 70 мкг. Учитывая, что содержание селена в обогащенной продукции составит 68,3 79,8 мкг/10 г чеснока предложенный способ обогащения позволяет в полной мере удовлетворить суточную потребность организма человека в этом микроэлементе.The aim of investigation was to improve the method of enrichment of garlic plants with selenium to the level of daily consumption rate by treatment of vegetative plants with solutions of sodium and potassium selenites in combination with surfactants. The investigations were carried out at ARRIVG branch of FSCVG, in open ground in 20162018, on sandy loam soil with humus content of 3.413.44, pHKCl 6.7, content of phosphorus (P2O5) in the layer 020 cm was 22.7824.62 mg (Chirikov) content of potassium (K2O) 10.3817.88 mg (Maslova). To improve mineral nutrition of plants fall under the basic treatment in the soil was added potassium chloride at a dose of 50 g/m2 during the growing season were plant nutrition: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, two weeks after the first potassium sulphate and 50 g/m2. Weather conditions during the period of growth were favorable for growing garlic. Watering was carried out at the periods where the top layer of soil was dried. Studies were carried out on variety Gladiator of winter garlic. The experimental design included soaking the cloves for 30 minutes before planting, and subsequent double treatment of vegetating plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium selenite in combination with surfactants (1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (1): the first time in the phase of the beginning of intense leaf growth and the second time after 3 weeks. As a result of the investigations it was found that non-root treatment of plants with solutions containing selenium was more effective than root treatment. Non-root top dressing with sodium selenite was in 2.3 times, and potassium selenite in 5.8 times more effective than root. It is concluded that garlic bulbs obtained as a result of non-root treatment of plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium Selenite in combination with surfactants and dimethylsulfoxide contain 145.3169.8 times more selenium than control, which allows to obtain teeth containing selenium in a concentration of 6.837.98 mg/kg. The daily consumption rate of garlic is approximately 10 g, the average need for selenium element is from 30 to 70 micrograms. Because of content of selenium in enriched products consisted of 68.3-79.8 mcg/10 g of garlic, the proposed method of enrichment allows to fully satisfy the daily need of the human body at this microelement.

scholarly journals Interpretation of the Alluvial Floodplain Accumulation: On the Example of Cross-sections of Geoarchaeological Site Ostrov Listvenichnyi (Northeast Angara Region)

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 3-32
Author(s):  
G. A. Vorobieva ◽  
◽  
A. M. Kuznetsov ◽  
E. O. Rogovskoi ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sections ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Modern Time ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Formation History ◽  
Alluvial Floodplain ◽  
Layer 4 ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
High Flood ◽  
Humus Horizons

This paper examines characteristic features of floodplain accumulation at geoarchaeological site Ostrov Listvenichnyi, located on the Angara River at the same-name island (Northeast Angara region, Baikal Siberia). The problems of interpretation of topographic and lithological data, island architecture, glacial and postglacial natural climatic insights (MIS 2–MIS 1) are also touched upon. The accumulation of sediments at a series of 16 archaeological test pits recorded along the northwestern side of the island was analyzed by using pedolithological method. Island formation history included the upbuilding of the origin island based on river point bar, further transformation into “east” pre-island and final articulation of ancient “east” pre-island and younger “west” pre-island. The primary differences in alluvium composition of ancient pre-island (red beds, clay loam) and Holocene sedimentations (grey beds, sandy loam), both situated at the same level, were identified and explained. Detailed analysis of floodplain accumulation revealed eight distinct lithological layers varying by the structure and the composition. The following conclusions were reached based on the data available: lithological strata 1–5 have formed in Sartan, lithological strata 6–8 have formed in Holocene. Every layer contains the information on the changing climate and environment: signals of floods (high flood stages in 7 layer, “dry” stages in 3 layer), different phases of humification (humusless strata 1–4, first fragile humus horizons in layer 5, more pronounced humus horizons a, b, c, d in layer 4, and humus background in strata 7–8), epigenetic markers of сryogenic processes in strata 3–5. Analysis suggest also three chronologically differentiated floodplain benches: lower 1,5–2 meter bench (top of layer 3) associated with Middle Sartan; middle 2,5–3 meter bench (top of layer 5) associated with Final Sartan; top 4,5–5 meter bench (top of layer 8) associated with modern time.

scholarly journals Influence of tillage methods on the yield of winter rye variety Sudarushka

2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
P. N. Brazhnikov ◽  
A. B. Sainakova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk
Keyword(s):  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Humus Content ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Taiga Zone ◽  
Average Yield ◽  
New Variety ◽  
Soil Cultivation ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
The Impact

The results of studying the elements of the technology of cultivation of a new variety of winter rye Sudarushka are presented. The research took place in 2019, 2020 in the sub-taiga zone of the Tomsk region. The impact of soil cultivation methods as well as the impact of humic fertiliser from peat Gumostim on the yield of winter rye Sudarushka is evaluated. The soils of the experimental plot are acidic (pH 4.3) soddy-podzolic loamy sandy loam. The arable horizon has a low humus content (1.5%), a low (0.2 mg/100g) content of nitrate nitrogen, a medium content of mobile phosphorus (19.2) and exchangeable potassium (7.1) and a high (11.0 mg/100g) content of mobile aluminium. The scheme of the experiment included four variants of cultivation: ploughing of fallow lands with PlN-4-35 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing; disking with BDMK-2,8 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing. Treatment with humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim at a concentration of 0.001% was carried out during the growing season in the beginning phase of the leaf-tube formation. The average yield of winter rye in the variety Sudarushka during the years of research was 4.66 t/ha in the variant with disking, subsequent cultivation before sowing and further sowing with packing, which is 0.34 t/ha higher than with the traditional method of soil cultivation. The application of humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim on cold sod-podzolic soils enabled the average yield of winter rye to be 4.31 t/ha y, which is 0.39 t/ha higher than without the fertilizer.

Surface physical properties of a sandy loam soil under different tillage practices

Soil Research ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
KY Chan ◽  
JA Mead
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Sandy Loam Soil ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Moisture Profile ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Pasture Soil ◽  
Cultivated Soil ◽  
Loam Soil

The infiltration behaviour and physical properties of a hardsetting sandy loam soil at Cowra, N.S.W., following 2 years of different tillage treatments are reported. Soil that had not been cultivated for 25 years was also investigated at an adjacent pasture site. Infiltration of simulated rainfall at the end of the wheat-growing season gave moisture profiles that were quite different for cultivated, direct drilled and pasture soils. The moisture profile for the cultivated soil suggested the presence of an impeded layer which retarded the movement of infiltrated rain to the subsoil. Porosity measurements confirmed the presence of a layer with significantly fewer macropores (> 300 �m diameter) at the 50-100 mm depth in the cultivated soil, when compared with the direct drilled soil. The old pasture soil had significantly higher porosity (> 300 �m diameter) in the top 100 mm. Aggregate stabilities and organic carbon contents were measured in narrow increments to 150 mm depth for the three different soils, and revealed that a surface 25 mm layer of high organic carbon and highly stable macro-aggregates was present in the pasture and direct drilled soils but absent in the cultivated soil. The unstable surface layer in the conventionally cultivated soil was a consequence of the mixing and inverting action of cultivation and was not due to a net loss of organic carbon from the profile. The organic carbon content of the pasture soil was not significantly different from the direct drilled soil below 50 mm; however, it was significantly lower than the conventionally cultivated soil between 50 and 150 mm depth. These results indicate a need to adopt tillage practices that can preserve the top 25 mm layer of such fragile soils.

IMPACT OF FALLOWS ON THE WATER-PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CHESTNUT SOILS

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 520-527
Author(s):  
S.O. Kanzyvaa ◽  
◽  
S.B.N. Kuzhuget ◽  
N.D. Chadamba ◽  
A.V. Khuurak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Particle Size Distribution ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Water Permeability ◽  
Arable Land ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Moisture Capacity ◽  
Chestnut Soils ◽  
Fallow Soil ◽  
The Republic

Modern arable land in the Republic of Tyva is located on chestnut soils (69%) and chernozems (25%), but the former are characterized by low fertility. Soil fertility depends on the particle size distribution, structure, water-air regime, etc. Durind agricultural use of soils, the disturbance of the structure, especially of light particle size distribution, as well as depletion of humus and nutrient reserves can occur in them. Therefore, the aim of our work was to identify the influence of fallows on the change in the waterphysical properties of chestnut soils of the BarunKhemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva. The chestnut soils of fallow and arable lands of the Barun-Khemchiksky district of the Republic of Tyva with the laying of two soil sections in arable and fallow fields were chosen as the object of the study. Soil samples from two horizons (arable and subsurface) were selected by the five-spot method. The water properties of these soils were subjected to the following analyzes: determining the water permeability of the soil according to the method of N. A. Kachinsky, determining the speed and height of rising water, determining the total capillary moisture capacity. As a result, it was found that the soil cover of the studied territories is represented by light loamy chestnut soils. Samples of fallow soil showed good water permeability with the amount of incoming water 80–100 mm per 1 hour. The water-lifting rate of soil arable land samples is slightly greater than the soil samples of the fallow: the soil sample of the arable layer of the arable land was completely moistened after 20 minutes, and the soil sample of the arable horizon of the fallow – only after 40 minutes. The moisture capacity of the fallow soil samples turned to be slightly higher than the arable land. An analysis of the studied samples indicates the improvement in the water-physical properties of the chestnut soils of the fallow compared with the arable field. Relatively low moisture capacity and accelerated water capacity indicate a destroyed and dispersed structure of arable land.

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