Evaluation of outer hair cells function of non-operated ear after mastoid drilling using distortion-product otoacoustic emissions

Aim: To analyze the effect of acoustic and mechanical trauma of drilling on the outer hair cell function of the non operated ear using distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE’s) after mastoidectomy and its relation with the duration of drilling, age, and gender of the patient along with duration and permanency of the effects. Study Design: Observational study. Materials and Methods: Screening DPOAE’s were recorded preoperatively, immediate postoperative period, one hour postoperatively, 1st and 7th postoperative days in the normal ear in 94 patients who underwent tympanomastoidectomy for unilateral chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). DPOAE’s were measured using Neuro-audio-screener (Neurosoft Inc.) at 1.5 KHz, 2.1 KHz, 3.3 KHz, and 4.2 KHz. If DPOAE’s were absent preoperatively, the patients were not evaluated further and patients who had absent DPOAE’s post-operatively were successively followed till DPOAE’s were regained. Results: Of the 94 patients included, in 62 patients DPOAE’s were present preoperatively. Out of these 62, in 30 patients DPOAE’s were absent immediate postoperatively. On repeat testing, DPOAE’s were absent in 20 patients after 1 hour and in 8 patients after 1 day. On re-evaluation of these 8 patients after 1 week all of them had regained the DPOAE’s. In terms of duration of drilling, 66.6% patients in immediate post operative period, 90% patients in 1-hour post operative and 100 % patients on post operative day 1, having absent DPOAE’s had drilling time more than 60 minutes. Patients more than 30 years of age are affected more, but there is no preponderance for any gender. Conclusion: Nonoperated ear does have the effect of acoustic and mechanical trauma by vibration transmitted from another side during drilling of the operative ear mastoid bone. This effect is temporary and depends on the duration of drilling also.

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Comparison of distortion product otoacoustic emissions and pure tone audiometry in occupational screening for auditory deficit due to noise exposure

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1017/s0022215115002790 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 129 (12) ◽

pp. 1174-1181 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

N Wooles ◽

M Mulheran ◽

P Bray ◽

M Brewster ◽

A R Banerjee

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Noise Exposure ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Pure Tone Audiometry ◽

Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission ◽

Distortion Product

AbstractObjective:To examine whether distortion product otoacoustic emissions can serve as a replacement for pure tone audiometry in longitudinal screening for occupational noise exposure related auditory deficit.Methods:A retrospective review was conducted of pure tone audiometry and distortion product otoacoustic emission data obtained sequentially during mandatory screening of brickyard workers (n = 16). Individual pure tone audiometry thresholds were compared with distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes, and a correlation of these measurements was conducted.Results:Pure tone audiometry threshold elevation was identified in 13 out of 16 workers. When distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitudes were compared with pure tone audiometry thresholds at matched frequencies, no evidence of a robust relationship was apparent. Seven out of 16 workers had substantial distortion product otoacoustic emissions with elevated pure tone audiometry thresholds.Conclusion:No clinically relevant predictive relationship between distortion product otoacoustic emission amplitude and pure tone audiometry threshold was apparent. These results do not support the replacement of pure tone audiometry with distortion product otoacoustic emissions in screening. Distortion product otoacoustic emissions at frequencies associated with elevated pure tone audiometry thresholds are evidence of intact outer hair cell function, suggesting that sites distinct from these contribute to auditory deficit following ototrauma.

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Changes in Otoacoustic Emissions and Auditory Brain Stem Response after C/s-Platinum Exposure in Gerbils

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/s0194-5998(97)70232-8 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 116 (6) ◽

pp. 585-592 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Kathleen C. Y. Sie ◽

Susan J. Norton

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Brain Stem ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Auditory Brain Stem Response ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Auditory Brain Stem ◽

Significant Difference

Ototoxicity associated with cis-platinum administration commonly presents as hearing loss and tinnitus. The hearing loss is usually an irreversible, high-frequency sensorineural loss. Histologic studies in humans and animals suggest that the outer hair cells (OHCs) are most susceptible to cis-platinum. Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE), as a measure of outer hair cell function, are potentially useful in following ototoxic insults involving OHCs. Distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) test frequency-specific regions of the cochlea and therefore may be particularly well suited for monitoring ototoxic injuries. We measured distortion product otoacoustic emissions, at f2 = 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 kHz, in gerbils after a single large dose of cis-platinum. Animals treated with saline served as controls. The findings were compared to auditory brain stem evoked response (ABR) thresholds, using tone pips of the same frequencies. The DPOAE and ABR thresholds were measured before treatment and again 2, 5, and 14 days after drug administration. The changes in DPOAE were compared with the changes in ABR. No treatment effect was noted in the 2-day group. Animals treated with c/s-platinum demonstrated significant elevation of DPOAE and ABR thresholds compared with control animals at 5 and 14 days. There was no significant difference between the threshold changes in the 5-and 14-day groups.

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Towards the preferred stimulus parameters for distortion product otoacoustic emissions in adults: A preliminary study

South African Journal of Communication Disorders ◽

10.4102/sajcd.v65i1.585 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 65 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Lucretia Petersen ◽

Wayne J. Wilson ◽

Harsha Kathard

Keyword(s):

Repeated Measures ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Convenience Sample ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Repeated Measures Design ◽

Stimulus Parameters ◽

Adult Humans

Background: Although distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) are useful in evaluating cochlear outer hair cell function, determining the optimal stimulus parameters could result in a more reliable, sensitive and specific diagnostic tool across the range of DPOAE applications. Objectives: To identify which stimulus parameters warrant further investigation for eliciting the largest and most reliable DPOAEs in adult humans. Method: A single group, repeated measures design involving a convenience sample of 20 normal-hearing participants between 19 and 24 years of age. Results: Descriptive statistics and mixed model analyses suggested L1/L2 intensity levels of 65/65 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and 65/55 dB SPL, and f2/f1 ratios of 1.18, 1.20 and 1.22 elicited larger and more reliable DPOAEs in both ears. Conclusion: Further investigation of the 65/65 dB SPL and 65/55 dB SPL intensity levels and the 1.18, 1.20 and 1.22 f2/f1 ratios is warranted to determine the stimulus parameters for eliciting the largest and most reliable DPOAEs in adult humans across the range of DPOAE applications.

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THE STUDY OF MATURATION OF THE AUDITORY ANALYZER RABBIT ACCORDING DISTORTION-PRODUCT OTOACOUSTIC EMISSIONS

Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences ◽

10.15690/vramn.v68i11.849 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 68 (11) ◽

pp. 94-97

Author(s):

I. N. D'yakonova ◽

Yu. S. Ishanova ◽

I. V. Rakhmanova

Keyword(s):

Hair Cells ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Normative Data ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Rabbit Model ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Acoustic Response ◽

Auditory Analyzer ◽

Distortion Product

Aim: In our chronic experiment to register changes of acoustic response of Distortion-Product Otoacoustic Emissions (DPOAE) of intact rabbits in postnatal ontogenesis for the purpose of getting normative data which can be used for studying impact of pathological factors on auditory function and maturation of activity of outer hair cell in ontogenesis. Materials and methods: Study of otoacoustic emissions used mature chinchilla rabbits with a 19 day life of up to 3 months. Results: in the course of ripening were obtained functional activity of outer hair cells of the cochlea. Conclusion: normative data obtained allow us to study using a rabbit model, the pathological effects of agents on the maturation of the outer hair cells of the cochlea in the experiment.

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Effect of Tinnitus on Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions Varies With Hearing Loss

American Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1044/1059-0889(2012/12-0059) ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 125-134 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Fatima T. Husain

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

High Frequency ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Neural Mechanisms ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Main Effect

Purpose The aim of this study was to measure the effect of tinnitus, while accounting for the effect of hearing loss and aging, on distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs). Method DPOAEs were measured twice in both ears in 5 groups of participants: young adults with normal hearing, middle-age adults with normal hearing, adults with high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss, age-matched adults with similar hearing loss and tinnitus, and adults with normal hearing and chronic tinnitus. Results Multivariate analysis revealed a main effect of hearing loss and age, but no effect of tinnitus, across all 5 groups. Separate tests revealed significant effects of age and tinnitus in the normal-hearing groups and hearing loss in adults with or without tinnitus, but no effect of tinnitus in those with hearing loss. Conclusion DPOAE levels in the group of adults with hearing loss and tinnitus were diminished, but those in the group with normal hearing and tinnitus were enhanced, relative to DPOAE levels in the controls. Outer hair cell function, as indexed by DPOAEs, exhibits a complex association with tinnitus, and this has implications in the use of DPOAEs as a tool both for testing for tinnitus presence and for creating a model of neural mechanisms underlying tinnitus.

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Racial and gender effects on pure-tone thresholds and distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in normal-hearing young adults

International Journal of Audiology ◽

10.1080/14992020701355074 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 419-426 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Laura E. Dreisbach ◽

Steven J. Kramer ◽

Sandra Cobos ◽

Kristin Cowart

Keyword(s):

Young Adults ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Pure Tone ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Gender Effects ◽

Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Distortion Product ◽

And Gender

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DPOAE-Grams in Patients with Acute Tonal Tinnitus

Otolaryngology ◽

10.1016/j.otohns.2004.09.031 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 132 (4) ◽

pp. 550-553 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Haralampos Gouveris ◽

Jan Maurer ◽

Wolf Mann

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Cell Function ◽

Hearing Threshold ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Controlled Study ◽

High Frequency Region ◽

Mean Values ◽

Distortion Products

OBJECTIVE: To investigate cochlear outer hair cell function in patients with acute tonal tinnitus and normal or near-normal hearing threshold. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING: Prospective controlled study in an academic tertiary health center. Distortion products of otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE)-grams of 32 ears with acute tonal tinnitus and normal hearing or minimal hearing loss were compared with those of 17 healthy nontinnitus ears. RESULTS: Tinnitus ears exhibited relatively increased amplitudes of DPOAE at high frequencies (4-6.3 kHz) when compared with the group of healthy ears and relatively decreased DPOAE amplitudes at middle frequencies (1650-2400 Hz). Statistically significant ( P < 0.01) increased mean values of DPOAE amplitudes were observed only at a frequency of f2 equal to 4.9 kHz. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE: These findings suggest an altered functional state of the outer hair cells at a selected high-frequency region of the cochlea in ears with acute tonal tinnitus and normal or near-normal hearing threshold.

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Early Evidence of Cochlear Damage in a Large Sample of Percussionists

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2005.3027 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 20 (3) ◽

pp. 135-139

Author(s):

Jodee A Pride ◽

David R Cunningham

Keyword(s):

Hearing Loss ◽

Hair Cell ◽

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Cell Damage ◽

Normal Hearing ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Sensory Loss ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Hair Cell Damage

Percussionists can be exposed to intermittent sound stimuli that exceed 145 dB SPL, although damage may occur to the outer hair cells at levels of 120 dB SPL. The present study measured distortion-product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) in a group of 86 normal-hearing percussionists and 39 normal-hearing nonpercussionists. Results indicate that normal-hearing percussionists have lower DPOAE amplitudes than normal-hearing nonpercussionists. DPOAE amplitudes were significantly lower at 6000 Hz in both the left and right ears for percussionists. Percussionists also more frequently had absent DPOAEs, with the greatest differences occurring at 6000 Hz (absent DPOAEs in 25% of percussionists vs 10% of nonpercussionists). When all frequencies are considered as a group, 33% of the percussionists had an absent DPOAE in either ear at some frequency, compared to only 23% of the nonpercussionists. Otoacoustic emissions are more sensitive to outer hair cell damage than pure-tone threshold measurements and can serve as an important measurement of sensory loss (i.e., outer hair cell damage) in musicians before the person perceives the hearing loss. DPOAE monitoring for musicians, along with appropriate education and intervention, might help prevent or minimize music-induced hearing loss.

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Protection against Noise Trauma by Sound Conditioning

Ear Nose & Throat Journal ◽

10.1177/014556139707600413 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 76 (4) ◽

pp. 248-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Barbara Canlon

Keyword(s):

Otoacoustic Emissions ◽

Outer Hair Cell ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Acoustic Stimulus ◽

Conditioning Stimulus ◽

Outer Hair Cells ◽

Noise Trauma ◽

Distortion Product ◽

Underlying Mechanisms ◽

X 24

Sound conditioning provides protection against a subsequent noise trauma. The sound conditioning paradigm consists of a low-level, long-term, non-damaging acoustic stimulus (1 kHz, 81 dB SPL x 24 days). Morphological and physiological alterations are not induced by the sound conditioning stimulus alone. In addition, the middle ear muscles have been shown not to be influenced by sound conditioning. It has been shown that after exposure to a traumatic stimulus, sound conditioning protects the outer hair cell morphology (fewer missing outer hair cells), as well as physiology (distortion product otoacoustic emissions) compared to an unconditioned group exposed only to the traumatic stimulus. Further studies are needed in order to establish the underlying mechanisms for the phenomenon of sound conditioning. Nevertheless, since sound-conditioning experiments have been successfully applied to human subjects our understanding of hearing impaired individuals has been enhanced.

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