THE CONDITION OF BRAINSTEM PART OF THE AUDITORY ANALYZER IN DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2 PATIENTS WITH HEARING IMPAIRMENT

The purpose of our study is to examine the condition of brainstem part of the auditory analyzer based on examination of the short-latent auditory evoked potentials (SLAEP) in 43 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 with disorders of auditory function. We revealed sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) of the I-II degree according to the internation- al classification. The registration of SLAEP was conducted by the system «Eclipse» «Interacoustics» (Denmark). We detected a lengthening of the latent periods of the peaks (LPP) of the II, III, IV and V waves of SLAEP, as well as the inter-peak intervals of I-III and I-V comparing to the control values. So, LPP of III wave SLAEP was 3.85 ± 0.04 ms, and of V wave was 5.83 ± 0.05 ms. According to the severity of DM type II, we divided the patients into two groups: without (group I) and with (group II) complica- tions. A comparative analysis revealed that the values of LPP III wave and also I-III in group 2 not only significantly exceeded the normal values, but also significantly differed from the same indicators in group 1. Thus, the LPP of the III wave of SLAEP was 3.81 ± 0.03 and 3.95 ± 0.05 ms, in group 1 and 2, respectively. In group 2 inter-peak interval I-III was 2.29 ± 0.03 ms, inter-peak interval I-V was 4.21 ± 0.04 ms. This indicates the possible influence of the complicated course of diabetes mellitus II on the development of disorders in the central departments of the auditory analyzer, particular in its brainstem structures. Therefore, among all studied groups of patients with SNHL on the background of DM type II there are a pronounced deviations from the norm in the state of the brainstem part of the auditory analyzer. The obtained data indicate an important role of the state of brainstem part of auditory analyzer in the development of sensorineural hearing disorders in diabetes mellitus type II.

ALGORITHM FOR EARLY DIAGNOSIS AND PREVENTION OF PROFESSIONAL SENSORINEURAL HEARING LOSS

The aim of the study is to develop an algorithm for early diagnosis and prevention of professional neurosensory hearing elasticity (PNST). A comprehensive audiological survey of 600 miners aged 37 to 58, with 10 to 35 years of experience in noise conditions above the PDU for 7-21 dBA (class 3.1-3.3) was carried out. Based on the studies, an algorithm of early diagnosis and prevention of PNST, consisting of 3 blocks: I - hygienic (assessment of working conditions and risk categorization), II - clinical diagnostic, based on modern audiological methods of hearing research with the selection of diagnostic markers of risk of PNST, III - preventive, including the development of individual hearing preservation programs. The developed algorithm allows in 65-75% of cases to identify changes in the auditory analyzer at the preclinical stage, to clarify the nature and localization of the auditory analyzer, which is important in the development of therapeutic and preventive measures.

Immunological mechanisms of occupational hearing loss in workers of oil-producing and petrochemical industries

Most jobs in the oil and petrochemical industries are characterized by exposure to industrial noise, air pollution of the working area with harmful chemicals, dynamic and static loads, forced working posture, and nervous and emotional overstrain. The complex, long-term impact of these factors on workers leads to the development of fatigue, disruption of the adaptive mechanisms of the body and the formation of pathology of the hearing organ. These changes are most pronounced at the initial stages of the formation of professional hearing loss. In order to study the role of immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of occupational hearing loss, major groups of immunoglobulins (A, M, G, E) in blood serum were determined. The identification of mature T-cell populations was carried out by indirect immunofluorescence method with monoclonal antibodies of the ICO series (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD16+, CD20+) in 120 workers. The state of the immune status of employees of the main professions can be characterized by the presence of a tendency to form a secondary immunodeficiency state, manifested by the suppression of both cellular and humoral links. Violations of individual parts of the immune system among employees of «noise» industries reflect the level of adaptive reactions of the body and correlate with changes in the auditory analyzer and can develop long before the clinical manifestations of the disease. Identification of subclinical changes in the indicators of the immune system of the body of employees will allow timely preventive and pathogenetically justified rehabilitation measures, prevent the progression of the process and its transformation into professional hearing loss and preserve their ability to work for a long period.

Our experience of rare otolaryngological complications of coronavirus infection

Introduction: COVID-19 disease can lead to serious complications of the ENT organs. Among them are the developments of aseptic thrombosis of the arteries of the ENT organs and face, as well as auditory dysfunction. Purpose: to investigate changes in auditory function and blood supply to the ENT organs of patients which underwent coronavirus COVID-19. Materials and methods: examination and treatment of patients with complications of coronavirus infection: facial soft tissue thrombosis (2) and auditory dysfunction (38). The results obtained: Coronavirus infection in two patients resulted in thrombosis of the soft branches of the internal and external carotid arteries with the development of necrosis of the mucous membrane of the lateral wall of the nose, nasal sinuses, septum and palate, which required surgical treatment. Acute sensorineural hearing loss with an increase in thresholds of sound perception to 40 dB was observed in 23 (60.5%) patients, and most of them (19 people) suffered from severe coronavirus infection and received comprehensive treatment (hormones, anticoagulants, etc.). Hearing loss with an increase in the threshold of sound perception to 40-60 dB was determined in 15 (39.5%) patients, of whom only 5 underwent severe COVID-19. Conclusions: Patients who have undergone a coronavirus infection caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus may develop otolaryngological complications in the form of auditory dysfunction or arterial thrombosis. More severe bilateral damage to the auditory analyzer occurs in patients who underwent mild COVID-19 and did not receive anti-inflammatory therapy. The use of glucocorticoids and anticoagulants for the treatment of coronavirus infection on time prevents the development of complications from the auditory analyzer and blood coagulation system.

Dziecięcy świat dźwięków — edukacja muzyczna dziecka w wieku przedszkolnym

Children’s world of sounds — musical education of a preschool child Music is around us — every day music is the noise of trees, the rustle of leaves, the sound of a passing tram, the barking of a dog. We learn it while studying in kindergarten and school, but above all at home. This is where the child learns the first melodies. Initially, these are sounds from the immediate environment, starting with the mother’s heartbeat and the melody of her words. Then we expand our knowledge of sounds with children’s counting, acoustic experiments, short song chants, kindergarten songs and music accompanying the game. It’s all a child’s world of sounds, but what’s the key to that? The natural musical development of humans is observed between the ages of 1 and 13, and this is when the most important changes take place in the body, including the maturation of the auditory analyzer and psychomotor performance. Therefore, a variety of musical activities of parents, and then teachers, which are aimed at developing the child’s musical abilities, are very significant at this time. They can be realized by singing together, listening to music of different styles, creating ostinato on instruments and simple instrumentation. Free and directed movement as well as instrumental improvisation are also important. To understand music, you need to be extremely sensitive to its beauty. This is a trait that cannot be taught to children just like that, but it is possible to create any conditions for them to experience music emotionally. This main goal of children’s music education should be realized with the use of five forms of musical activity, which will be discussed in detail in this article.

ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF PERIPHERAL AUDITORY ANALYZER IN AN ACOUSTIC INJURY MODEL WITH PREVENTIVE TAKING OF AN ANTIHYPOXANT (TRIAZINOINDOLE DERIVATIVE)

The paper reports the results of testing efficiency of a triazinoindole derivative in an experiment with modeled acoustic injury. Animals (116 (CBA x C57BL/6) F1 hybrid female mice) were randomly distributed in 5 groups. Groups A, B and C received I/M triazinoindole at 5, 7 and 10 mg/kg/d respectively. Group D was injected with the cytoflavin (reference medicine) at 1.7 ml/7 мl/kg. Group E was a control that received injections of 2 ml of 0.9 % sodium chloride solution. Following 5 days of injections, the mice were exposed to white noise of 107 dB. Analysis of auditory evoked potentials demonstrated a dose-dependent oto-protective effect of the triazinoindole derivative.

Media Noise: the problem of hygienic rationing and personal well-being

The article raises the problem of hygienic rationing of a special type of noise, the nature of which stems from the sources of public information – the mass media. The author develops a new concept of comprehending this type of noise – the concept of Media Noise. Such noise is associated with the special nature of its perception and consumption in the background mode that acts as a risk factor for human health and well-being. The author points out such specific characteristics of the media noise that relate it to certain risk factors, namely: hyperstimulation of the auditory analyzer and the inability to control its implementation (work), that is, the compulsion of perception. This second key feature of the media noise is similar to mental violence, if the audio signal is used by an external subject, for example, in public places or transport, and its broadcasting excludes the possibility for the perceiving subject to influence upon the source of noise (a screen or a player).

EŞİTMƏ QÜSURLU UŞAQLARDA SƏS TƏLƏFFÜZÜ POZULMALARINI ARADAN QALDIRMAQ ÜÇÜN MUSİQİLİ RİTMİK VASİTƏLƏRDƏN İSTİFADƏ

One of the most relevant methods used in the rehabilitation of hearing-impaired children and for the development of speech is music-rhythm. In any games based on music-rhythm, it is possible to stimulate several areas, such as speech, motor, cognitive processes. Composing tasks in the form of role-playing games appropriate to the age characteristics of children increases its effectiveness. Music primarily affects the auditory analyzer in children, helps to increase auditory attention in children with dementia. Thus, the child perceives sounds better over time and develops the ability to differentiate them. Improved hearing allows children to understand the speech of adults better. Over time, it accelerates the process of sound imitation, allows the child to pronounce the initial sounds and syllables. Musical-rhythmic is based on the combination of sounds with movements, which leads to the improvement of children's motor skills. It helps to develop small and large motor skills, rhythm and coordination abilities during tasks. Key words: hearing, speech, game, music, exercise, child

INFLUENCE OF AVIATION NOISE OF BORYSPIL AIRPORT ON ACOUSTIC CONDITION OF THE NEAREST SETTLEMENTS AND POPULATION HEALTH

An analysis of the literature shows that over the past 50 years, the aviation industry has achieved a significant reduction in noise. However, the problem still remains and very often leads to numerous complaints from the population, who lives around airports. The current trend of uncontrolled housing in Ukraine around the airports may pose a threat to the population who lives in the surrounding areas. Goal. Hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition adjacent to the airport "Borispol" areas of the nearest residential buildings and its impact on the health of the population living in these areas. Object. The object of the study is a residential building located near Boryspil Airport and the population living there. Research methods. Experimental (acoustic measurements) and calculations (acoustic calculations; calculations of the risk indices) research methods conducted hygienic assessment of the acoustic condition of the adjacent areas to the airport. Research results. As a result of the calculations of the indices, the risk is established that at the current intensity of flights and types of aircrafts included in the risk index, it is assessed as low and moderate. If the intensity of flights is increase in two times, the risk index is estimated as moderate and high level. Conclusions. The acoustic condition of the nearest residential buildings adjacent to the airport in the villages of Martusivka, Hora, V. Oleksandrivka (Kyiv region) and Boryspil does not meet the requirements of LTO №463-2019 for day and night. Aviation noise has a negative impact on the health of the population living in the buildings closest to Boryspil airport (increases the risk of diseases of the nervous, cardiovascular system and auditory analyzer).

Mathematical model of transformation, recognitions and memorising sound information by human

This article is devoted to the development of a mathematical model of a human auditory analyzer based on already proven electrophysiological experimental data and existing mathematical methods for describing the transformation and recognition of sound information. New algorithms for converting, transmitting memorization and recognition of sound information are proposed. The calculations of the error in converting audio information are given, the mathematical principles of adding and combining the source encoded information are described.