Linkages between biological and cultural diversity for participatory management: Nepal’s experiences with Makulu-Barun National park and its buffer zone

1970 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Shree Gopal Jha
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Military Force ◽  
High Dependency ◽  
People Participation ◽  
Tibet Autonomous Region ◽  
The Government

The Makalu-Barun National Park (MBNP) and its Buffer Zone (BZ) of eqastern Nepal shares is borders with Sagarmatha National Park on the west and with the Qomolongma Natural Preserve of the Tibet Autonomous Region of China on the North. The Park is rich in cultural diversity with many ethnic groups. Most of the households are economically poor and depend on subsistence agriculture, animal husbandry and diverse natural resources for livelihoods. Slash and burn cultivation on steep slopes, poaching, hunting, over grazing, high dependency on natural resources, poverty and food deficits are the main threats to biodiversity in MBNP and BZ area. The MBNP was established in 1991 while its BZ was declared in 1998. the basic underlying approach of protection and management of the Park and its BZ is biodiversity conservation through people participation, without relying on military force. This paper highlights the implementation of the biodiversity conservation and management approaches through people participation in the MBNP and its BZ, and also explores notable achievements and effectiveness of partnership of the Government of Nepal, the Mountain Institute (TMI) – an INGO and the local communities to sustain conservation efforts as well as to improve local livelihoods. Key words: Biodiversity; National Park; Buffer Zone; participation; culture; linkages Banko Janakari Vol.16(2) 2006 pp.37-44

scholarly journals Impacto de la Educación Ambiental en las Comunidades Próximas del Parque Nacional de Gorongosa - Estudio de Caso Comunidad de Nhambita

2017 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 147-165
Author(s):  
Domingos Brisito Jequecene ◽  
Miguel Y. Ramírez Sánchez ◽  
Rodrigo Florencio Da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Biodiversity Conservation ◽  
National Park ◽  
Environmental Problem ◽  
Conservation Unit ◽  
Environmental Practices ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Impact

Este artículo se refiere al estudio del impacto de la Educación Ambiental en las comunidades próximas al Parque Nacional de Gorongosa (PNG) en la República de Mozambique y en particular a la comunidad de Nhambita. Surge en el contexto del actual proceso de restauración de esa importante unidad de conservación de biodiversidad. La motivación para la realización del presente artículo se basa en la comprobación de la siguiente problemática ambiental: la prevalencia de prácticas ambientales inadecuadas amenaza la biodiversidad del Parque Nacional de Gorongosa. Ante el problema mencionado se plantea el cuestionamiento de cómo maximizar la Educación Ambiental de las comunidades existentes en el entorno del Parque para la mejora de sus intervenciones en la utilización de los recursos naturales asumiendo la necesidad de protección a la naturaleza. Este artigo é dedicado ao estudo do impacto da Educação Ambiental nas comunidades próximas do Parque Nacional de Gorongosa (PNG) na República de Moçambique e em particular à comunidade de Nhambita. Surge no contexto do atual processo de restauração dessa importante unidade de conservação de biodiversidade. A motivação para produção do presente artigo assenta na constatação da seguinte problemática ambiental: prevalência de práticas ambientais inadequadas ameaça a biodiversidade do Parque Nacional de Gorongosa. Face ao problema colocado, questiona-se, como maximizar a educação ambiental das comunidades existentes no entorno do Parque para o melhoramento de suas intervenções na utilização dos recursos naturais tendo por um lado, a necessidade de proteção da natureza. This article refers to the study of the impact of Environmental Education in the communities near the Gorongosa National Park (PNG) in the Republic of Mozambique and in particular the community of Nhambita. It arises in the context of the ongoing process of restoration of this important biodiversity conservation unit. The motivation for the realization of this article is based on the verification of the following environmental problem: the prevalence of inappropriate environmental practices threatens the biodiversity of Gorongosa National Park. In view of the above problem, the question of how to maximize the environmental education of the existing communities in the Park environment is raised in order to improve their interventions in the use of natural resources, assuming the need for protection of nature.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Customary Law to Protect Natural Resources in The National Park in Central Sulawesi

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1191-1199
Author(s):  
Agus Lanini Et.al
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Customary Law ◽  
Formal Approach ◽  
The Rule Of Law ◽  
Global Policy ◽  
Community Values ◽  
Natural Resource Conservation ◽  
The Government ◽  
Central Sulawesi

Most of the local communities living around the forest fulfil their daily needs, depending on the forest resources, but the government and even global policy have enacted the forest as a protected area or national park. The purpose of this research is to understand and explain the principles of customary law concerning the natural resources that exist in the national park, and to determine the effectiveness of customary law in protecting these natural resources. The research method applied to explore community values and attitudes is socio-legal. The research revealed society's habits through exploration, and norms and the rule of law are embraced. Some principles of customary law on natural resources include palia (taboo)  and ombo (prohibition) pertinent to natural resource conservation. Both of these principles are adhered to and have been hereditary. The values on utilising natural resources are still complied with (effective), although state law takes a formal approach for any infringement surrounding the national park. However, customary law principles still always need to be a source for environmental or related law.

Access, Alienation, and the Production of Chronic Liminality: Sixty Years of Frontier Settlement in a Zambian Park Buffer Zone

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 128-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Cliggett
Keyword(s):  
Political Ecology ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Field Site ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations ◽  
Social Elites ◽  
The Government ◽  
Project Data

This article examines several decades of cyclical shifts in the political ecology of a Zambian national park buffer zone, where Gwembe Tonga migrants have pioneered land for ambitious livelihood dreams, while repeatedly encountering challenges from the government, development programs, and host populations. The buffer zone is a marginal space where people, land, and animals come together at different moments in time and in different constellations, never definitively secure, and never definitively exiled. In the confusion of recurring cycles of access and alienation, pockets of power form, including governmental and non-governmental organizations that arrive, temporarily create new social elites and then depart. These cycles of access and alienation have normalized socioecological uncertainty and instability, that is, a state of "chronic liminality" that has led to ongoing vulnerability for the region's people and ecosystems. The results are acute socioeconomic differentiation, alarming outbursts of violence, and visible changes in land cover. The article draws on ethnographic and geospatial data collected in the Zambian field site from 1995-2010 and also on the longitudinal Gwembe Tonga Research Project data.

scholarly journals Community Participation and Harvesting of Non-Timber Forest Products in Benefit-Sharing Pilot Scheme in Bach Ma National Park, Central Vietnam

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 877-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ha Thi Ngan Huynh ◽  
Lisa Lobry de Bruyn ◽  
Julian Prior ◽  
Paul Kristiansen
Keyword(s):  
Community Involvement ◽  
National Park ◽  
Forest Products ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Forest Protection ◽  
Pilot Scheme ◽  
Non Timber Forest Products ◽  
The Government

Benefit-sharing mechanisms between forest-based communities and governments are a way to meet conservation goals in developing countries, while still allowing forest-based income for local people. In Vietnam, the government implemented a pilot Benefit Sharing Mechanism (BSM) in Special Use Forests (SUFs), to develop a legal framework for sharing the benefits, rights, and responsibilities of forest conservation and management with local communities. One of the pilot areas is in Bach Ma National Park. We examined community involvement in the BSM pilot scheme in SUFs in the buffer zone of Bach Ma National Park located in Thuong Nhat commune, Nam Dong District. Sixty household surveys from two villages were undertaken in 2014. Most households agreed there were benefits, but some reported difficulties. Analysis of harvested non-timber forest products (NTFPs) showed a nearly 30% increase in average household income, based on regulated access to harvesting NTFPs by registered forest users. The difficulties experienced by those involved in the BSM pilot scheme included declining meeting attendance, infrequent meetings, harvested amounts of some NTFPs exceeding those allowed by the Benefit Sharing Arrangement, and forest protection teams failing to detect such irregularities. Finally, we suggest a number of improvements to BSM policies, such as incentives for forest protection team members to be more actively involved in harvest monitoring.

scholarly journals Socio Cultural Literacy of The Buffer Zone Community Towards Preservation of The Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (TNGHS)

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Agus Rusmana ◽  
Edwin Rizal ◽  
Ute Lies Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Social Relationships ◽  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Qualitative Approach ◽  
Cultural Literacy ◽  
Mountain Zone ◽  
Research Show

The area of Gunung Halimun Salak National Park as the Halimun Ecosystem Zone is a mountain zone in Jawa Barat which has a high bio diversity. The traditional or local community have managed its natural resources by oriented it toward their interests. The completeness of its area ecosystem is fully depended on the buffer zone community. This research is identifying the socio cultural literacy of buffer zone community towards preservation of the Gunung Halimun Salak National Park. The method used is qualitative approach which used the members of the community as informants. The result of the research show that the buffer zone "Kasepuhan" traditional community had realized their role as a part of social environtment and had known how to fit themselves in each culture involed in their social relationships. It is concluded that the traditional community have high socio cultural literacy which support preservation program of the park.

Small island mitigation based on mangrove ecosystem management in Bunaken National Park

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Joshian N.W Schaduw
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystem ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Island ◽  
Collaborative Management ◽  
Small Islands ◽  
Ecological Processes ◽  
The Government

Small islands are susceptible to many environmental impacts. Impacts affecting ecological processes include climate change, sea level rise, natural disasters, abrasion, sedimentation, erosion and pollution. To minimize vulnerability the assessing the effectiveness of mitigation measures in these coastal ecosystems is urgently needed. This research analyzes vulnerability of a small island mangrove ecosystem and the effectiveness of management strategy for mangrove ecosystem based mitigation. This research uses both primary and secondary data. Primary data was gathered by sampling, field observation, and questionnaire analysis. Vulnerability index was analyzed using multi-dimensional scaling method, and vulnerability mapping was analyzed by using geographic information system (GIS) using the software Arcview Project 3.3. Stakeholder analysis was used for patterns and strategic management, through a technique SMART (Simple Multi Attribute Rating Technique) using the software Criterium Decision Plus. The results show that Bunaken Island has the highest vulnerability level, followed by the island of Manado Tua, Nain, and the lowest level was found in Mantehage island. The most important factor of vulnerability in the small island Bunaken National Park is the area of mangrove ecosystem. Increased area of mangrove ecosystem will increase the effectiveness as a buffer zone as well as increase the capacity of the ecosystem on the social, economic, and governance dimensions. A management scheme which can accommodate a variety of problems faced by the mangrove ecosystem of small islands is a collaborative management by the government as the leading sector, with the highest priority on the management of the ecological dimension. Pulau-pulau kecil merupakan daerah yang rentan terhadap berbagai faktor. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi adalah faktor ekologis. Faktor ekologi meliputi perubahan iklim, kenaikan permukaan air laut, bencana alam, abrasi, sedimentasi, erosi dan polusi. Untuk meminimalkan kerentanan, efektivitas ekosistem pesisir sangat dibutuhkan. Penelitian ini menganalisis kerentanan pulau kecil, efektivitas ekosistem mangrove, dan strategi pengelolaan ekosistem mangrove berbasis mitigasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan sekunder. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui sampling, observasi lapangan, dan angket. Kerentanan dianalisis menggunakan metode multidimensional scaling, sedangkan pemetaan kerentanan dianalisis dengan sistem informasi geografis menggunakan perangkat lunak ArcView 3.3. Analisis Stakeholder digunakan untuk pola dan manajemen strategi, melalui teknik SMART (Simple atribut teknik Peringkat multi) dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak Criterium Decision Plus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Pulau Bunaken memiliki tingkat kerentanan tertinggi, diikuti oleh Pulau Manado Tua, Nain, dan Pulau Mantehage terendah. Faktor utama kerentanan di pulau kecil Taman Nasional Bunaken adalah luasan ekosistem mangrove. Peningkatan kawasan ekosistem mangrove akan meningkatkan efektivitas ekosistem mangrove sebagai buffer zone serta meningkatkan kapasitas ekosistem ini pada dimensi sosial, ekonomi, dan pemerintahan. Pola pengelolaan yang dapat menampung berbagai masalah yang dihadapi oleh ekosistem mangrove pulau-pulau kecil adalah kolaboratif manajemen dengan prioritas utam pada pengelolaan dimensi ekologi dan pemerintah sebagai leading sector.

scholarly journals Socio-economic analysis of ecotourism activities of women in Turkey

2021 ◽  
Vol 58 (04) ◽  
pp. 1099-1105
Author(s):  
Tayyibe Açikgoz Altunel
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Local People ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
The Status ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Observation Method

Ecotourism is a type of tourism in which maximum benefits are provided to local people while protecting the environment. Local people care more about the sustainability of biodiversity and they are very effective at protecting it. Kure Mountains National Park is one of the most important protected areas for accelerating ecotourism, having tremendous natural resources, protected traditional cultures, caves, canyons, waterfalls and natural wonders. In this study, we aimed to examine the support of women in ecotourism activities in Kure Mountain National Park. To measure the support of women in ecotourism, we conducted face-to-face surveys with 366 women from 53 villages and used observation method. It was found that the level of education in the region is quite low, 65 out of 98 women having 64 years of age and older were illiterate. As the level of education decreased, there was an increase in the unemployment. About 94.3% of the women living in the buffer zone of the park stated that there was no relation between their income and the status of National Park. These findings are important in understanding the role of women in the development of ecotourism. Moreover, stimulating ecotourism activities with encouragement and micro-development plans for local people will increase their livelihoods and people who live in and around the National Park will be more careful to protect these areas

POTENSI PENGEMBANGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK PANASBUMI SUHU RENDAH DI KABUPATEN MANOKWARI SELATAN

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agustinus Denny Unggul Raharjo
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Geothermal System ◽  
Reservoir Temperature ◽  
Geothermal Resources ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Electric Generator ◽  
Binary Cycle ◽  
West Papua ◽  
The Government

<p class="BodyA">South Manokwari Regency is a new autonomous region in West Papua Province with abundant natural resources. As a new autonomous region South Manokwari Regency will be experiencing significant population growth. Population growth along with development and modernization will give burden to electricity demand. Alternatively, electricity can be provided with geothermal resources in Momiwaren District. Based on survey conducted by the government through the Geology Resources Centre in 2009, the reservoir temperature of the geothermal sources is 84<sup>o</sup>C with non volcanic geothermal system. Thus, the geothermal resources in South Manokwari Regency could be developed into binary cycle electric generator.</p>

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