scholarly journals Pattern of Occurrence of Ocular Injuries and their Forensic Aspects

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 692-696
Author(s):  
Sidarth Timsinha ◽  
Suvarna Manjari Kar ◽  
Malshree Ranjeetkar
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Injuries ◽  
Forensic Implications ◽  
Trauma Sequelae

Introduction: All penetrating or non-penetrating intentional ocular trauma causing loss of an organ or part of an organ and which have as a consequence the facial disfigurement or post trauma sequelae formation have forensic implications. Objectives: To study the pattern of ocular injuries its forensic implications and meticulous documentation in ocular medicolegal cases. Methodology: This hospital based cross sectional study was carried out by Forensic medicine personnel in Department of Ophthalmology and Emergency Department of Manipal Teaching Hospital Pokhara, Nepal. A total of 251 cases of ocular injury constituted the sample size. Cases were analyzed according to age, sex, type of trauma, causative agent, and manner of injury and ocular injuries having any medicolegal value. All data was evaluated and relevant information were extracted and entered into a database. Results: Male subjects 174 (69.32%) were more susceptible to ocular injuries and age group 21-30 years 66 (26.3%) were more predisposed to ocular injuries. The commonest cause of ocular trauma was due to fall on blunt objects 42(16.73%). The most common site of injury was cornea 120(47.81%) and corneal abrasion 65(54.16) was the most common ocular finding. Accidental manner of injury was observed in majority of the cases 230 (91.60%). Ocular injuries sustained were all simple in nature 251(100%) as a result no fatality was observed following ocular injury. Conclusion: Proper history taking and methodical documentation of injuries not only assist in diagnosis and management of the patient but also holds an evidentiary value in medico legal cases.

scholarly journals A Cross-Sectional Study of Ocular Injuries in an Industrial Hospital of Chhattisgarh

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 1000-1003
Author(s):  
Dr. Neha Singh Chauhan ◽  
Dr.Jayashree Pradhan ◽  
Dr.Chitra Sunov ◽  
Dr.Anuj Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Artificial Organs ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Main Mode ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Injuries

No doubt ‘sight’ is the best gift of life from God. Although scientific advancement of 21st. Century has developed many artificial organs for human body but an artificial eye that can see is not developed yet. The ocular injury doesn’t lead to death but the consequence in terms of visual impairment or blindness, snatches the zeal to live life. Bhilai, being the industrial area, the load of ocular injuryis quite high. Keeping in view, this study was planned to assess the ocular injury cases of this region. This cross-sectional study was conducted in department of Ophthalmology of Jawaharlal Nehru Hospital and research centre, Bhilai. Total 250 cases of ocular injury came to hospital during 1st August 2016 to July 2017 were assessed for age, sex as well as industrial and non-industrial distribution of ocular injuries. Ocular injuries were commonest in the age group 20-29 years (29.2%) and majority of patients were males 75.2% whereas females were 24.8%. Industrial ocular injuries were 18% among that iron chip is the commonest cause 7.6%. However, majority of ocular cases were non industrial 82% and the main mode were domestic injuries and casual accidents 43.6% The first three decades of life are more vulnerable to ocular trauma especially in males because of more exposure to outdoor life. Better compliance with Factories Act, 1948 is the reason of lower incidence of industrial associated ocular injuries in the study denoting safe working environment of this region.

scholarly journals Empty Bullet-Related Ocular Injuries During Military Shooting Training: A 20-Year Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 185 (5-6) ◽  
pp. e799-e803 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soner Guven ◽  
Ali Hakan Durukan
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Medicine Department ◽  
Patient Demographics ◽  
School Of Medicine ◽  
Open Globe ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Protective Eyewear ◽  
Ocular Injuries ◽  
Trauma Scores

Abstract Introduction Empty bullet-related ocular injuries (EBOI) are rare and may result in unfavorable visual outcomes due to both open globe and closed globe injuries. To our knowledge, no reports of such injuries in terms of outcomes have been previously described in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the treatment performed and ocular outcomes of such injuries. Materials and Methods EBOI of 23 cases were reviewed who were referred to Gulhane School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology between January 1998 and January 2018. Patient demographics, ocular signs (initial and final), injury types, type and number of interventions, and ocular trauma scores were recorded. Results In total, 23 eyes of the 23 patients with an average age of 22.3 ± 4.54 years (range, 20–41 years) were included in the study. All of the patients were male, and all injuries were due to empty bullets during shooting training. None had ocular protection at the time of ocular injury. Fourteen patients (60.9%) were open globe injuries, whereas nine (39.1%) of them were closed globe injuries. Mean ocular trauma scores category of the cases was 2.52 ± 1.03. The baseline and final visual acuity was 20/200 or better in 21.7% and 69.5% of eyes, respectively. Nineteen eyes (82.7%) had undergone a total of 31 surgeries with a 1.34 ± 0.88 surgery average. Conclusions The prognosis of EBOI is unpredictable and is dependent on the severity of ocular damage. The best treatment option is prevention of EBOI with protective eyewear.

scholarly journals Ocular injury: Prevalence in different rural population of Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
AK Khan
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Traditional Healers ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Rural Bangladesh ◽  
Wage Loss

This population based cross-sectional study was conducted on 8283 persons of all ages in five districts, selected conveniently, to assess the magnitude of ocular injuries, their causes and consequences in rural Bangladesh. Six Upazilas from five districts and from each Upazila one Union was selected randomly. One village, the ultimate cluster, was then selected conveniently from each Union. All people (n = 8283) in the 8 villages were then surveyed. Out of 8283 population (ranging from 1-120 years) surveyed, 167(2%) had history and/or evidence of past ocular trauma with a yearly incidence of 6.2 per 1000 per year. Study demonstrated a female predominance with male to female ratio being roughly 4:5. Majority (82%) had at least one episode of trauma in their life-time with mean age at 1st trauma being 20 years. Nearly 40% of the traumas were caused by blunt objects followed by penetrating object (22.3%) and sharp instrument (18.1%) with home being the primary place of occurrence (55.1%). Evidence of ocular trauma was found on eye-lid (15%), conjunctiva (11.4%) and cornea (10.2%) as scars. The older participants (? 30 years), females, illiterates, agriculture labors, housewives and household workers were more likely to receive trauma. Majority (86.8%) of the subjects received treatment following injury. The median time lapsed between injuries and receiving first treatment was 5 days and that between injury and visiting an eye-specialist was 18 days. Selftreatment and treatment from over-the-counter comprised 45% and 42.1% respectively followed by eye-specialists (25.5%), village quack (22.8%), graduate doctors (19.3%) and traditional healers (6.9%). About 87% received conservative management, with 12.4% needing hospitalization. Most of the injured (92.8%) and non-injured (95.2%) eyes had normal vision before trauma as informed by the respondents. Following trauma, 18% had impaired, 10.7% severely impaired vision and about 6% were blind. Job abstinence due to trauma was 53% with median wage loss being10 days. The study concludes that point-prevalence of ocular trauma in rural area is around 2% with blunt objects commonly causing the trauma and one in every 16 trauma-hit case undergo blind. Addressing blindness from ocular trauma, should, therefore, be a priority for eye care programs in rural Bangladesh. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v39i3.20314 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2013; 39: 130-138

scholarly journals Ocular Morbidity among Paediatric Age Group Population Attending at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 116-119
Author(s):  
Mehul Sanghavi
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Development Education ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Morbidity

Background: Ocular morbidities in children can have a serious impact on development; education and quality of life in children hence require prompt attention. This study was conducted with an objective to determine the pattern of ocular morbidity. Materials & Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at the Vedantaa Institute of Medical Sciences, Palghar between February 2021 to April 2021 were involving 55 children. Data were tabulated in Microsoft Excel and analysed by SPSS version 23.0. All children who attended the Outpatient department of Ophthalmology during the study period were included and children whose parents did not give consents for examinations were excluded. Results: The most common ocular morbidity encountered was refractive errors (30.9%) followed by Conjunctivitis (20.0%) and ocular trauma (9.1%) in the age group of 10 - 15 years. Conclusion: Majority of ocular morbidities are preventable or treatable with proper use of eye care facilities is the need of the hour. Keywords: Ocular Trauma, Morbidity, Refractive Error, Conjunctivitis.

A Study on Prevalence of Ocular Injuries among Workmen of Welding, Grinding and Polishing, Attending the Out Patient Department and Emergency Department of a Tertiary Care Centre

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 425-428
Author(s):  
Lipika Panda ◽  
Prafulla Chandra Mahapatra ◽  
Kamala Kanta Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Body ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Eye Injuries ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Department Of Ophthalmology ◽  
Ocular Injuries

BACKGROUND We wanted to estimate the incidence and prevalence of ocular injuries among occupational workers in welding and grinding industry treated in a tertiary care hospital, determine the major types of ocular morbidities in welding and grinding workers and identify the vulnerable age groups suffering from ocular injuries due to welding and grinding. METHODS This hospital based cross-sectional study was carried out among 712 patients having ocular injuries only for occupational workers doing welding, grinding or polishing work. The study period was from 01 / 01 / 2018 to 30 / 06 / 2018. The study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Hi-Tech Medical College and Hospital. All patients were assessed for demographic distribution, detailed ocular evaluation and a questionnaire related to awareness about the injuries and safety measures taken during the work. RESULTS During the period of study, 712 patients who had ocular injuries due to welding and grinding work were included in the study. The mean age was 33.87 years with a standard deviation (SD) of 9.86. There were no female workers who reported such injuries. Most injuries were corneal foreign body (63.90 %), conjunctival foreign body (2.81 %), conjunctivitis due to fumes (11.94 %), laceration (8.71 %) and keratoconjunctivitis (12.64 %). CONCLUSIONS To complement standard epidemiological research, the narrative accident text offers useful evidence. Staff conducting a welding job or working with local welders should be qualified to recognise possible dangers and appropriate protective equipment should be used to prevent eye injury. KEYWORDS Ocular Injuries, Welding & Grinding Work, Risk Factor for Eye Injuries

scholarly journals Magnitude of ocular trauma in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal

2013 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 140-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
ST Godar ◽  
KR Kaini ◽  
P Amatya ◽  
K Joshi ◽  
L Singh
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Protective Devices

Background: Ocular injury is one of the major causes of monocular visual impairment and blindness worldwide, with significant socioeconomic impact. The present study was done to establish the incidence and identify the common causes of ocular trauma in a tertiary care hospital of western Nepal. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study, conducted at a teaching hospital in western Nepal from January 2012 to January 2013. All ocular trauma cases attending emergency and eye OPD were included in the study. A complete history and detailed ophthalmological evaluation was done. Results: Total number of cases was two hundred and nine. The incidence of ocular trauma was 1.74%. Average age of patients was 28.89±19.06 years. Maximum patients were from third decade of life and were males (66.5%). Majority of ocular trauma occurred in right eye and were sustained at the workplace. Only 2.4% of patients used protective agents. The cases presented to the hospital within 48 hours of injury were 71.8%. Maximum subjects didn’t use any medication before they presented to this hospital. Road traffic accident (RTA) was the commonest cause of ocular trauma followed by wood stick and fall injury. Conclusion: Males are more prone to ocular trauma. As the commonest cause is RTA and very few patients used protective devices so public awareness about eye health program and strict legislation for the use of protective devices may help to reduce the magnitude of ocular injury.   Nepal Journal of Medical Sciences | Volume 02 | Number 02 | July-December 2013 | Page 140-143 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njms.v2i2.8964  

scholarly journals Spectrum of ocular diseases in aftermath of monsoon flood in Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Sabin Sahu ◽  
Tshering Wangchuk Bhutia ◽  
Varun Shrestha ◽  
Tejsu Malla ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Large Population ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Ocular Diseases ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Ocular Injuries ◽  
Acute Conjunctivitis

Background: Floods are common global natural disasters that occur occasionally in Nepal. Numerous environmental damages and health impacts are known to occur due to direct effect of flooding. There are limited studies reporting the ocular diseases after the event of floods using a large population data. We aimed to present the spectrum of flood-related ocular diseases after monsoon flood in Nepal using a community-based database. Methods: A descriptive, cross sectional study design was used to collect the data from di­agnostic screening and treatment camps organized in flood-affected areas between one to three weeks after the monsoon flood in Nepal. The data was analyzed using the excel sheet and the results were presented in frequency and percentage in the frequency distribution tables. Results: The children and elderly constituted majority of patients. Females constituted 54% while males were 46% of the total patients presenting at the camps. The incidence of infec­tive ocular diseases was 23.8% and that of traumatic ocular injuries was 6.2% of total ocular diseases. Acute conjunctivitis was the most common infective ocular disease (21.1%) fol­lowed by keratitis (2.7%). Corneal abrasions (1.4%), subconjunctival hemorrhage (1.1%) and lid ecchymosis (0.7%) were common clinical diagnosis following traumatic ocular injury. Conclusions: The infective ocular diseases and traumatic ocular injuries are common flood-related ocular diseases seen within one to three weeks after flood receded. The knowledge of these expected ocular morbidities may help for proper planning and organization of such relief camps. Early diagnosis and treatment of these diseases can reduce the ocular morbidi­ties.

The Incidence and Prevention of Ocular Injuries in Orthodontic Practice

1993 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 339-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. T. Sims ◽  
T. J. Roberts-Harry ◽  
D. P. Roberts-Harry
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Trauma ◽  
Postal Survey ◽  
Operative Procedures ◽  
Acid Etching ◽  
Ocular Injury ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Eye Protection ◽  
Ocular Injuries

A postal survey was conducted to determine the use of eye protection and incidence of ocular trauma in orthodontic practice. One-hundred-and-fifty-nine NHS orthodontic consultants and 203 specialist orthodontic practitioners were surveyed. Two-hundred-and-forty-one(66·5 per cent) replies were received. Some form of eye protection was routinely worn by 66·8 per cent of orthodontists, 64·3 per cent of patients, but only 33·6 per cent of DSAs. Eye protection was not offered to DSAs in 31·9 per cent of practices or to patients in 22·1 per cent. Forty-three per cent of orthodontists reported instances of ocular injury in their practices. The majority of these injuries (n = 104) occurred during debonding or trimming acrylic. Other incidents involved ligating materials, intra-oral polishing, and acid etching. Most injuries (83·5 per cent) were treated in the surgery without any long-term effects. The routine use of goggles or spectacles with side-pieces and plastic lenses, which conform to British Standard BS 2092, is recommended for staff and patients during all operative procedures in orthodontic practice.

scholarly journals Sexual Variations of Femoral Neck-Shaft Angle in the Population of Odisha

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 1387-1390
Author(s):  
Rajeev Kumar Kanchan ◽  
Sonali Subhadarsini ◽  
Dharma Niranjan Mishra ◽  
Chinmayi Mohapatra
Keyword(s):  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Legal Cases ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neck Shaft Angle ◽  
Femur Neck ◽  
Shaft Angle ◽  
The Right

BACKGROUND The peculiar waddling gait of a female attracts most of the anatomists to measure and compare the neck-shaft angle (NSA) of the femora. The femoral neck shaft angle is greater in women due to greater pelvic breadth and shorter femur. Neck-shaft angle was measured by the angle that the neck makes with the shaft of the femur and it is measured on the ventral surface of femur taking the long axis of femoral neck with the long axis of the proximal end of the femur. It gives information about the race it belongs to and normally measures 120° to 140°. The intention of this study was to establish the femoral neck shaft angle variations in adult male and female for medico-legal and anthropometric studies. METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted on 84 adult human femora of unknown sex in the anatomy department, Sriram Chandra Bhanja (SCB) Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, from May 2018 to April 2019. We included all the femora which were free of damage or deformity and fully ossified indicating adult bone. Femora with any pathological changes i.e., cortical bone deterioration, extreme osteophyte activity, osteoarthritis and fracture etc. were excluded from the study. The NSA was measured by protractor and goniometer. RESULTS In the present study the NSA range for the right femur of male was 108° - 135° and for the right femur of females 117° - 135°. The left male femur was 118° - 135° and the left female femur was 120° - 135°. The mean neck shaft angle of male femora was 125.9° and the female femora was 125.7°. These measurements show that the values were more in males than the females. The value of the present study was statistically significant between male and female i.e., P < 0.0001. CONCLUSIONS These measurements are important in the medico-legal cases, reconstructive orthopaedic surgeries, hip replacement surgeries and also while constructing suitable prosthesis. This will also be helpful in the detection of sex by anatomists and forensic experts. KEY WORDS Neck Shaft Angle, Medico-Legal, Anthropometry and Goniometer

COVID-19: An Experience from a Tertiary Care Hospital of Nowshera

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155
Author(s):  
Hamzullah Khan ◽  
Mohammad Zahid Khan ◽  
Mian Mohammad Naveed
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Epidemic Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Age Range

Objective: To determine the frequency of COVID-19 and characteristics of patients presenting to the COVID-19 clinic at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex (QHAMC) Nowshera. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted from 21st Feb 2019 to April 8, 2020, in QHAMC Nowshera. Relevant information was collected on a pre-designed Performa prepared following the objectives of the study. Results: Out of 220 patients, 165(75%) were males, and 55(25%) females. 96(43.6%) of the patients were in the age range 18-30 years followed by 52(23.6%) in age range 31-45years and 17(7.7%) with age>60 years etc. Out of total the nasopharyngeal swabs of 26(11.6%) strong suspects were sent for PCR testing. 208(94.5%) were sent home while 12(5.5%) were advised quarantine. Forty-seven (21.4%) had a travel history to an epidemic area in the last 14 days. 51(23.2%) had a positive history of contact. Eighty-five (38.6%) had a fever and sore throat followed by 27(12.3%) with (fever & cough), 24(10.9%) with (cough and shortness of breath/dyspnea) and 14(6.4%) with a simple flue, etc. Out of 26 cases, 6(2.7%) were COVID-19 Positive, 12(5.5%) were negative and results of 8(3.6%) were still awaited. The PCR repeated the test for confirmed cases showed;  4(1.8%) negative, one died and one was refractory positive.  A positive correlation (p=0.03, r=0.4) of an increase in age with the severity of the disease/outcome was recorded. Conclusion: The frequency of infectivity with COVID-19 was 2.6%. A higher number of patients with mild symptoms attend the COVID clinic. The rate of infection and mortality was higher in age> 60 years.

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