scholarly journals Regeneration of Pinus wallichiana AB Jackson in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of north-central Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Kumar P Mainali ◽  
Hari Datta Lekhak ◽  
Ram Prasad Chaudhary ◽  
Amal Kumar Ghimeray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
North And South

We studied the elevational pattern of forest composition and regeneration of the subalpine conifer tree species Pinus wallichiana in Manang, a trans-Himalayan dry valley in north-central Nepal. Thirty-five quadrats (10 m × 10 m) were laid between 3300 and 4000 masl on both north- and south-facing slopes. We measured diameter at breast height (DBH) of each mature individual of all tree species (DBH ≥10 cm), and recorded the number of seedlings (DBH <10 cm, height <30 cm) and saplings (DBH <10 cm, height >30 cm). We also measured soil moisture and soil pH, estimated canopy cover, and recorded slope and altitude in each quadrat. For all species together and for several species individually, tree density, seedling density, sapling density and tree basal area were found to decrease with elevation on both north and south aspects. This trend is largely explained by the progressively harsher environment at higher elevations. The north-facing slopes in our study area have denser forests than the south-facing slopes, the density of all size classes (seedling, sapling and mature plants) and basal area being greater on the northern aspects. These aspect-wide differences are attributable to the stark difference in soil moisture between northern and southern aspects, which is in turn due to the difference in insolation. Irrespective of elevation and aspect, all the forests studied are regenerating, as indicated by inverse J-shaped density-diameter curves. The elevational pattern of seedling and sapling abundance is explained only by elevation. Whereas other variables (e.g., canopy) are considered to have an important influence on seed germination and seedling establishment, they turn out not to be significant predictors of density of seedlings and saplings. This failure to identify a relationship is probably due to our use of non-parametric test (tree regression analysis) that we used to establish the relationship between density and its potential explanatory variables or due to our selection of 1 standard error rule yielding sub-optimal models for regression trees. Key words: density-diameter curve; regeneration; seedling; sapling; altitude; canopy; Manang Valley DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v6i8.1798 Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.6 Issue 8 2010 pp.19-26

scholarly journals Forest Composition, Fuelwood Harvest and Regeneration Status in Four Community Forests of Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghanashyam Subedi ◽  
Binod Khatiwada ◽  
Sandesh Bhattarai ◽  
Kamal Prasad Acharya
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Community ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Community Forest ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Shorea Robusta ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Scientific World ◽  
Castanopsis Indica

Present study aims to explore forest composition, fuelwood harvest and regeneration status in two community forests of central Nepal. We carried out our study in different periods of 2007 and 2008. Household surveys were conducted to find the condition of fuelwood harvest and people dependency on community forest. Community forests of Nawalparasi districts are dominated by Shorea robusta whereas community forests of Syanja district are dominated by Castanopsis indica and Schima wallichii with highest IVI value. Percapita fuelwood consumption and domestic animals are higher in Nawalparasi district than in Syanja district. Grasses are the main source of fodder in Nawalparasi district whereas trees in Syanja district. Farmland is the main source for fodder in both the districts but even higher in Syanja district. For fuelwood people depend on forest than the farmland. Dominant tree species in Patapati Lulpani Community Forest (PLCF) showed reverse J-shaped size class distribution indicating sustainable regeneration whereas dominant tree species in Gamtam Community Forest (GCF), Dhuseri Community Forest (DCF) and Bhedawari Community Forest (BCF) showed poor regeneration status. Key words: Community forest; Forest composition; Fuelwood harvest; Regeneration. DOI: 10.3126/sw.v7i7.3826 Scientific World Vol.7(7) 2009 pp.53-58

Impact of Eidolon helvum on roost trees on UENR campus

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-50
Author(s):  
E. Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Tree Height ◽  
Tectona Grandis ◽  
Tree Canopy ◽  
Species Diversity Index ◽  
Tree Canopy Cover ◽  
Occupied Zone

Four sample plots, each of size 20m by 20m were systematically distributed in two strata (i.e. two plots in bat-occupied zone andthe remaining two plots in bat-unoccupied zone, to serve as control units). Using six (20m × 20m) sample plots each, basal area,canopy, and heights of trees with DBH 1m were measured. Fourteen individual trees were recorded in the bat-unoccupied zone,resulting in only seven tree species. On the other hand, 16 tree species, corresponding to a total of 25 trees were recorded in thebat occupied zone. Albizia zygia, Antiaris toxicaria, Azadiractha indicia, Holarrhena floribunda, Morinda lucinda, and Sterculiatragacantha were common to both zones. The Shannon Wiener species diversity index was found to be higher (H1=1.92) in batoccupied zones and lower (H1=1.45) in bat-unoccupied zone. Estimates of tree basal area and tree height were much higherin bat occupied zones compared to bat-unoccupied zones. (Mann-Whitney U test: U = 573.0, p < 0.05), tree basal area (U= 674.0, p < 0.05), tree height (U = 632.0, p < 0.05) and tree canopy cover (U = 329.0, p < 0.05). Holarrhena floribunda(0.34 m2/h) and Ceiba pentandra (0.22m2/ha) contributed the largest basal area (32.94% of the total basal area) whilst Sennasiamea (0.01m2/ha) and Tectona grandis (0.01m2/ha) yielded the smallest basal area (1.17%). In general, bats seem to greatlypatronize areas with higher densities of tall trees than relatively open areas with shorter trees.

Termitaria as preferred browsing patches for black rhinoceros (Diceros bicornis) in Chipinge Safari Area, Zimbabwe

2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-598 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justice Muvengwi ◽  
Hilton G. T. Ndagurwa ◽  
Tatenda Nyenda ◽  
Innocent Mlambo
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Nutrient Concentrations ◽  
Vegetation Density ◽  
Termite Mounds ◽  
Black Rhinoceros ◽  
Surrounding Matrix ◽  
Foliar Nutrient ◽  
Foliar Nutrient Concentrations

Abstract:This study tested the hypothesis that the black rhinoceros browses more on termitaria than off termitaria vegetation due to elevated soil and foliar nutrient levels on termitaria. We investigated the role of termitaria in providing nutrient-rich forage for the black rhinoceros, by comparing the preference (selection ratio) for vegetation occurring on and off termitaria, and then testing its relationship with foliar nutrient concentrations. Soil nutrients, bite intensity, tree species diversity, vegetation density, canopy cover and basal area were also surveyed on and off termitaria. We sampled 25 termite mounds together with their corresponding control plots in Chipinge Safari Area, Zimbabwe. Soil and foliar N, P, K, Ca and Na concentrations were greater on termitaria than off termitaria, with approximately twice the concentration of these nutrients. Browse preference followed the between-site differences in soil and foliar nutrient concentrations, with higher selection ratios and bite intensities for vegetation on termitaria than off termitaria. Diospyros quiloensis was the most preferred browse species whilst Combretum imberbe, Kigelia africana and Strychnos innocua were the least. In conclusion, the black rhino preferred vegetation on termitaria to that in the surrounding matrix, and utilization of vegetation can be influenced by the soil substrate on which tree species grow.

scholarly journals Plant species richness and composition in a trans-Himalayan inner valley of Manang district, central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohan P Panthi ◽  
Ram P Chaudhary ◽  
Ole R Vetaas
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
Physical Environment ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Plant Species Richness ◽  
Nepal Himalaya ◽  
The North ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
North And South

Species richness normally decreases with increasing elevation. However, a hump and a plateau have been documented in species richness curves in the Nepal Himalaya. We sampled species richness and composition in 80 plots located in the north and south aspects of the dry valley of Manang, a trans-Himalayan inner valley of Nepal, between 3000 and 4000 masl. We used regression and ordination to relate species richness and composition to the physical environment. Pinus wallichiana, Juniperus indica, Abies spectabilis, Betula utilis and Salix species are the dominant tree species. B. utilis is found only in the moist north aspect and Juniperus species are more common in the dry south aspect. Moisture is the most important determinant of species richness and composition. At the local level, our results show a plateau in species richness at the elevation range of 3000–4000 masl. There were significantly more species on the north aspect than on the south. Key words: aspect, altitude, beta-diversity, ordination, species richness, soil moisture Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.4(6) 2007 p.57-64

scholarly journals Tree Species Diversity and Population Structure in the Tropical Forests of North Central Eastern Ghats, India

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumpa PREMAVANI ◽  
Maradana TARAKESWARA NAIDU ◽  
Malleboyina VENKAIAH
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Species Richness ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Eastern Ghats ◽  
Tree Species Diversity ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Eastern

The tree species diversity and population structure were studied in four stands of the tropical forests in the north-central Eastern Ghats, based on tree inventories conducted on four 1-ha plots. In the four independent plots, two 5 x 1000 m transects were established and all trees with ≥ 15 cm girth at breast height were enumerated. The density, frequency, basal area and IVI along with diversity indices viz. Shannon index, species richness, equitability and species dominance were computed to see the variation in tree community. A total of 92 species representing 73 genera under 40 families of angiosperms were recorded. Tree species richness was as low as 34 species per hectare plot in Geddapalli to as high as 48 species in Koruturu. Tree density ranged from 360 stems per hectare in plot Geddapalli to 526 stems in plot Chintapalli and that of total basal area from 16.31 m2 ha-1 in Koruturu to 31.15 m2 ha-1 in Chintapalli. The number of species and stems decreased from the smaller to the largest girth classes. The tree inventories of the study area when compared to those of the other tropical forests showed great differences in density and basal area. This may probably be due to differences in geography and annual rainfall patterns. The information on tree species structure and function can provide baseline information for conservation of the biodiversity.

Quantitative analysis of tree species in two community forests of Dolpa district, mid-west Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 23-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ripu M Kunwar ◽  
Shiv P Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Deciduous Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Importance Value Index ◽  
Importance Value ◽  
Cedrus Deodara ◽  
Community Forests ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana

Two community forests, Amaldapani and Juphal from Dolpa district, were selected for a study of quantitative analysis of tree flora. A total of 419 individual trees representing 16 species, 16 genera and 11 families were recorded. Total stand density and basal area were, respectively, 2100 trees ha-1 and 90 m2ha-1 in Amaldapani and 2090 tree ha-1 and 152 m2ha-1 in Juphal. Of the families, the Pinaceae was the most diverse, with 28 individuals representing five species and five genera, followed by the Rosaceae with three individuals representing two species and two genera. Pinus wallichiana, Abies spectabilis, Quercus semecarpifolia and Cedrus deodara had the highest importance value index and could therefore be considered the dominant species. Since the study area was diverse in tree population of conifers and deciduous forest tree species, it is essential to carry out further studies in order to establish conservation measures that will enhance local biodiversity. Key words: Vegetation, tree species, Pinus wallichiana, community forest, Dolpa Himalayan Journal of Sciences 2(3): 23-28, 2004

Cover type, environmental characteristics, and conservation of terrestrial gastropod diversity in boreal mixedwood forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Abele ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropod

Terrestrial gastropods are important decomposers, herbivores, and prey items in forest systems and constitute a poorly understood element of forest biodiversity in Canada. We sampled terrestrial gastropod assemblages in northwestern Alberta, Canada, using board traps and forest floor sampling to examine their association with forest composition, structure, and environment (forest floor depth and moisture, coarse woody debris, understory vegetation cover) in four boreal mixedwood cover types: broadleaf (deciduous) dominated (DDOM), broadleaf (deciduous) dominated with coniferous understory (DDOMU), mixed conifer and broadleaf (MX), and conifer dominated (CDOM). The highest total gastropod abundance and richness occurred in the DDOM cover type. Furthermore, DDOM assemblages accumulated species more quickly (with sampling effort) and supported more gastropod species at higher levels of dominance than found in other cover types. The mix of coniferous and broadleaved trees influenced gastropod distributions within stands; however, associations observed between gastropod species and tree species differed among cover types, suggesting complex ecological contingency. For example, conifer basal area was an important driver of gastropod assemblage in DDOM and DDOMU forests, whereas broadleaf basal area was the most important driver in the CDOM forest type. We conclude that tree species mixture at a variety of scales sustains diversity of gastropod assemblages and that this understanding is significant for conservation of this taxon on mixedwood boreal forest landscapes.

scholarly journals Vegetation Dynamics in Treeline Ecotone of Langtang National Park, Central Nepal

1970 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 107-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
NP Gaire ◽  
YR Dhakal ◽  
HC Lekhak ◽  
DR Bhuju ◽  
SK Shah
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
National Park ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Climatic Warming ◽  
Seedling Density ◽  
Treeline Ecotone ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Abies Spectabilis ◽  
The Impact

A study was carried out at the treeline ecotone (3,730m-3,950m asl) of Langtang National Park in central Nepal with an aim to document the impact of climatic warming on ecological chracteristics. Three sampling sites were selected at Chaurikharka and Lauribina, where no serious anthropogenic pressure was noticed. The nearest meteorological station has records of climatic warming in recent years. Six tree species and three shrub species belonging to seven families were enumerated from the study plots. The average basal area for tree species was found to be 20.56 m2 per ha while average tree density was found to be 734 trees per ha with Abies spectabilis as dominant species. The mean DBH (diameter at breast height) of tree species was found to be 15.8 cm (max. 115.5cm). Density of dead trees accounted 2 no. per ha with basal area 0.195m2 per ha. Average sapling and seedling density of tree species per ha was observed to be 1,590 and 831 respectively. The average sapling and seedling density of A. spectabilis was 255 and 350 per ha respectively. Similarly, average shrub density (per ha) for the area was found to be 9,609 no/ha. The stand character showed that there was high level of recruitment of A. spectabilis in the recent years. The presence of sapling and seedling of A. spectabilis at higher altitude showing linear relationship with canopy coverage indicated prospects for a gradual and upward shift of A. spectabilis with increased temperature. Key words: Abies spectabilis; regeneration; climate change; DBH DOI: 10.3126/njst.v11i0.4132Nepal Journal of Science and Technology 11 (2010) 107-114

scholarly journals Invertebrate Community of Scots Pine Coarse Woody Debris in the Southwestern Pyrenees under Different Thinning Intensities and Tree Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Ximena Herrera-Alvarez ◽  
Juan A. Blanco ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Willin Alvarez ◽  
Gabriela Rivadeneira-Barba
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Canopy Type

Background and Objectives: The forest in the Southwestern Pyrenees Mountains (Northern Spain) is mainly composed of pure Pinus sylvestris L. or a mix of P. sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica L. The most common forest management technique to harvest pine is the application of forest thinning with different intensities. It promotes a change in the forest composition and structure. Taking into consideration this region as a site specific research about this topic, we aimed to understand the CWD invertebrate composition response to different thinning intensities and canopy type of these tree species. Materials and Methods: CWD samples were collected belonging to intermediate and advanced decay classes, approximately 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Using a design of three thinning intensities (0%, 20%, and 40% of basal area removed), with three replications per treatment (nine plots in total), four samples were taken per plot (two per canopy type) to reach 36 samples in total. Meso- and macrofauna were extracted from CWD samples with Berlese–Tullgren funnels, and individuals were counted and identified. Results: Most of the taxonomic groups belonged to mesofauna, mainly to Acari and Collembola orders. On the other hand, the macrofauna represented a minimum percentage of the community composition. Our results indicated that although thinning intensities did not significantly affect the invertebrate community, canopy type and CWD water content influenced significantly. It is imperative to consider in forest management the responses of canopy type and thinning intensities in CWD water content, this disturbance could also slow down the organic matter decomposition process in the soil, thus affecting in the long term the natural cycle of nutrients.

Does foraging impact tropical forest composition?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sijeh Asuk ◽  
Nicholas Kettridge ◽  
Jonathan Sadler ◽  
Thomas Pugh ◽  
Thomas Matthews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Beta Diversity ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Elevational Gradient ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Dissimilarity Index ◽  
Elevational Gradients ◽  
Edible Species ◽  
The Impact

&lt;p&gt;Growing evidence suggests that low-intensity anthropogenic activities affect ecological communities. The resultant changes in the forest structure and composition can also be influenced by elevational gradients. During foraging for food collection, humans can cover a wider spatially and elevational range compared to other high-intensity activities. These foraging activities can alter the species richness and evenness patterns either through preferential planting or intentionally or inadvertently influence the propagule pool. This study investigated the impact of foraging on forest composition and structure along an elevation gradient in Cross River National Park in the tropical rainforest zone of Nigeria. Fifteen permanent 40 x 40 m sample plots, covering an area of 2.4 hectares, were established in the forest located in the park along an elevational gradient of 120m to 460m. All trees of 10cm diameter at breast height (dbh) and above in all the plots were measured for dbh and identified to species level. Structured questionnaires on tree species utilization amongst forest-dependent rural communities were used to create edible and inedible tree species categories. Species abundance distributions were calculated at community level. Pairwise beta diversity between all plots along the elevational gradient was calculated using Sorensen&amp;#8217;s dissimilarity index (&amp;#946;&lt;sub&gt;sor&lt;/sub&gt;) and the turnover component of &amp;#946;&lt;sub&gt;sor&lt;/sub&gt; using Simpson&amp;#8217;s dissimilarity index (&amp;#946;&lt;sub&gt;sim&lt;/sub&gt;). A total of 35 edible species with a density of 128 stems/hectare and basal area of 11.99 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/ha and 109 inedible species with a density of 364 stems/hectare and basal area of 22.42 m&lt;sup&gt;2&lt;/sup&gt;/hectare were encountered. A reversed j-shaped function characteristic of a &amp;#8216;natural&amp;#8217; uneven-aged tropical forest stand was observed in the diameter size distribution for all species categories. The pairwise beta diversity trend of inedible species showed that there was a positive trend between beta diversity and elevation, and this was driven by turnover; the replacement of species in the species pool along the elevational gradient. In comparison, edible species differed significantly from inedible species and showed a negligible trend indicating that the species turnover was not enough to cause a change in beta diversity with increase in elevation. These results suggest that low-impact activities such as foraging may be subtly but notably altering the composition of tropical forest, perhaps by preferential planting, or influencing the propagule pool along elevational gradients. Further tests across a wider range of sites are required to assess if this is a widespread phenomenon and to identify the driving mechanisms.&lt;/p&gt;

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