scholarly journals Invertebrate Community of Scots Pine Coarse Woody Debris in the Southwestern Pyrenees under Different Thinning Intensities and Tree Species

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 88
Author(s):  
Ximena Herrera-Alvarez ◽  
Juan A. Blanco ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Willin Alvarez ◽  
Gabriela Rivadeneira-Barba
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Invertebrate Community ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Canopy Type

Background and Objectives: The forest in the Southwestern Pyrenees Mountains (Northern Spain) is mainly composed of pure Pinus sylvestris L. or a mix of P. sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica L. The most common forest management technique to harvest pine is the application of forest thinning with different intensities. It promotes a change in the forest composition and structure. Taking into consideration this region as a site specific research about this topic, we aimed to understand the CWD invertebrate composition response to different thinning intensities and canopy type of these tree species. Materials and Methods: CWD samples were collected belonging to intermediate and advanced decay classes, approximately 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Using a design of three thinning intensities (0%, 20%, and 40% of basal area removed), with three replications per treatment (nine plots in total), four samples were taken per plot (two per canopy type) to reach 36 samples in total. Meso- and macrofauna were extracted from CWD samples with Berlese–Tullgren funnels, and individuals were counted and identified. Results: Most of the taxonomic groups belonged to mesofauna, mainly to Acari and Collembola orders. On the other hand, the macrofauna represented a minimum percentage of the community composition. Our results indicated that although thinning intensities did not significantly affect the invertebrate community, canopy type and CWD water content influenced significantly. It is imperative to consider in forest management the responses of canopy type and thinning intensities in CWD water content, this disturbance could also slow down the organic matter decomposition process in the soil, thus affecting in the long term the natural cycle of nutrients.

scholarly journals Coarse Woody Debris’ Invertebrate Community is Affected Directly by Canopy Type and Indirectly by Thinning in Mixed Scots Pine—European Beech Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 975 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ximena Herrera-Alvarez ◽  
Juan A. Blanco ◽  
J. Bosco Imbert ◽  
Willin Alvarez ◽  
Gabriela Rivadeneira-Barba
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Stand Density ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
Thinning Intensity ◽  
Decay Class ◽  
Taxonomic Groups ◽  
Canopy Type

Research Highlights: Thinning and tree species alter the forest floor microclimate by modifying canopy cover, radiation, wind, and humidity. Thus, forest management can directly influence the edaphic mesofauna responsible for decomposing coarse woody debris (CWD). Background and Objectives: This research was carried out in the Southwestern Pyrenees Mountains (Northern Spain) and aimed to determine the influence of forest thinning and canopy type (pure Pinus sylvestris L. or a mix of P. sylvestris and Fagus sylvatica L.) on CWD colonization by edaphic fauna. Materials and Methods: CWD samples were collected belonging to intermediate and advanced decomposition stages, approximately 10 cm long and 5 cm in diameter. Using a design of three thinning intensities (0%, 20%, and 40% of basal area removed), with three replications per treatment (nine plots in total), four samples were taken per plot (two per canopy type) to reach 36 samples in total. Meso- and macrofauna were extracted from CWD samples with Berlese–Tullgren funnels, and individuals were counted and identified. Results: 19 taxonomic groups were recorded, the most abundant being the mesofauna (mites and Collembola). Mixed canopy type had a significant positive influence on richness, whereas advanced decay class had a positive significant influence on total abundance and richness. In addition, there were non-significant decreasing trends in richness and abundance with increasing thinning intensity. However, interactions among thinning intensity, canopy type, and decay class significantly affected mesofauna. Furthermore, some taxonomic groups showed differential responses to canopy type. CWD water content was positively correlated with total invertebrate abundance and some taxonomic groups. Our results suggest that stand composition has the potential to directly affect invertebrate communities in CWD, whereas stand density influence is indirect and mostly realized through changes in CWD moisture. As mesofauna is related to CWD decomposition rates, these effects should be accounted for when planning forest management transition from pure to mixed forests.

Cover type, environmental characteristics, and conservation of terrestrial gastropod diversity in boreal mixedwood forests

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzanne E. Abele ◽  
S. Ellen Macdonald ◽  
John R. Spence
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Forest Type ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Sampling Effort ◽  
Gastropod Species ◽  
Cover Type ◽  
Terrestrial Gastropod

Terrestrial gastropods are important decomposers, herbivores, and prey items in forest systems and constitute a poorly understood element of forest biodiversity in Canada. We sampled terrestrial gastropod assemblages in northwestern Alberta, Canada, using board traps and forest floor sampling to examine their association with forest composition, structure, and environment (forest floor depth and moisture, coarse woody debris, understory vegetation cover) in four boreal mixedwood cover types: broadleaf (deciduous) dominated (DDOM), broadleaf (deciduous) dominated with coniferous understory (DDOMU), mixed conifer and broadleaf (MX), and conifer dominated (CDOM). The highest total gastropod abundance and richness occurred in the DDOM cover type. Furthermore, DDOM assemblages accumulated species more quickly (with sampling effort) and supported more gastropod species at higher levels of dominance than found in other cover types. The mix of coniferous and broadleaved trees influenced gastropod distributions within stands; however, associations observed between gastropod species and tree species differed among cover types, suggesting complex ecological contingency. For example, conifer basal area was an important driver of gastropod assemblage in DDOM and DDOMU forests, whereas broadleaf basal area was the most important driver in the CDOM forest type. We conclude that tree species mixture at a variety of scales sustains diversity of gastropod assemblages and that this understanding is significant for conservation of this taxon on mixedwood boreal forest landscapes.

scholarly journals The cost of risk management and multifunctionality in forestry: a simulation approach for a case study area in Southeast Germany

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Friedrich ◽  
Torben Hilmers ◽  
Claudia Chreptun ◽  
Elizabeth Gosling ◽  
Isabelle Jarisch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Species Selection ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptation Measures ◽  
Financial Return ◽  
The Cost

AbstractForest management faces growing uncertainty concerning environmental conditions and demand for ecosystem services. To help forest managers consider uncertainty, we applied a robust and multi-criteria approach to select the optimal composition of a forest enterprise from 12 stand types. In our simulation, the forest enterprise strives for either financial return or a multi-criteria forest management considering financial return, carbon storage and forest ecosystem stability. To quantify the influence of climate change on these decision criteria, we used the concept of analogous climate zones. Our results provide recommendations for long-term strategies for tree species selection in a Southeast German forest enterprise. The results show that considering both uncertainty and multifunctionality in forest management led to more diversified forest compositions. However, robust and multi-criteria optimisation required the forest enterprise to pay a premium in terms of lower income. Financial returns decreased when forest composition accounted for uncertainty or multiple objectives. We also found that adaptation measures could only partly financially compensate the effects of climate change. As the study is limited to two tree species, including additional tree species, variants of mixing proportions and further silvicultural strategies in the optimisation appears a promising avenue for future research.

scholarly journals A comparison of pre-European settlement forest characterization methodologies

2002 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 422-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Betts ◽  
Judy Loo
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
Individual Tree ◽  
Ecological Land Classification ◽  
European Settlement ◽  
Pinus Spp ◽  
Tree Method

The characterization of "natural" or "presettlement" forest has become a relatively common practice in Canada as forest managers strive to put into practice concepts of sustainable forest management. Various methods have been developed to undertake such characterizations, leading to confusion about how to define "presettlement forest" and uncertainty over the approach that will best serve as a basis for management. We report on two methods of presettlement forest characterization: the "Witness Tree" and the "Potential Forests" approaches. We compare results from these approaches to the existing forest composition in the Fundy Model Forest, New Brunswick. Both approaches indicate a decline in the predominance of tolerant hardwood and eastern cedar since presettlement. However, the Potential Forests approach consistently suggests much higher presettlement frequencies of spruce (Picea spp.) and, in most cases, pine (Pinus spp.) than the Witness Tree method. Differences between frequencies of tree species estimated by the two methods probably result from biases associated with both methods and the different scales of reporting. If used critically, the combined use of both sets of presettlement forest information will allow managers to determine the historical frequency of individual tree species and forest communities. Such information will provide some guidance in maintaining the diversity of native species and community types. Key words: presettlement forest, ecological land classification, Witness Tree method, Potential Forests, forest management, biodiversity

scholarly journals Regeneration status and species diversity of major tree species under scientific forest management in Kapilbastu district, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 26-39
Author(s):  
B. Aryal ◽  
S. Regmi ◽  
S. Timilsina
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Diversity Indices ◽  
Management Technique ◽  
Timber Species ◽  
Natural Forests ◽  
Regeneration Status ◽  
The Simpsons ◽  
Regeneration Condition

In Nepal, scientific forest managementhas been practiced as an effective forest management technique to utilize forest resources sustainably. However, the program has faced many controversies such as intentional logging of only high-valued timber species like Shorearobusta. In addition, few believe this program is severely affecting the regeneration productivity and species diversity in the natural forests. In order to address these issues, we examinedthe regeneration condition and plant species diversity in the stands where scientific forest management operations were carried out. The data related to regeneration status and species diversity were collected using a systematic random sampling of the selected stands. Our results showed good regeneration conditions (Seedling >5000, Sapling>2000) in all the studied stands. The tree species community was dominated by S.robusta(Sal) followed by Schleicheraoleosa (Kusum) and Casia fistula (Rajbriksha). The value of diversity indices of different species varied significantly between felling series. The highest diversity was found in the second year felling series with the Simpsons Index of dominance value 0.6934 and the lowest species diversity was in the first year felling series with a value of 0.8448. It can be recommended that the regeneration felling practice has helped in promoting the regeneration condition and growth.  

scholarly journals Regeneration of Pinus wallichiana AB Jackson in a trans-Himalayan dry valley of north-central Nepal

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Balkrishna Ghimire ◽  
Kumar P Mainali ◽  
Hari Datta Lekhak ◽  
Ram Prasad Chaudhary ◽  
Amal Kumar Ghimeray
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Forest Composition ◽  
North Central ◽  
Central Nepal ◽  
Pinus Wallichiana ◽  
Dry Valley ◽  
North And South

We studied the elevational pattern of forest composition and regeneration of the subalpine conifer tree species Pinus wallichiana in Manang, a trans-Himalayan dry valley in north-central Nepal. Thirty-five quadrats (10 m × 10 m) were laid between 3300 and 4000 masl on both north- and south-facing slopes. We measured diameter at breast height (DBH) of each mature individual of all tree species (DBH ≥10 cm), and recorded the number of seedlings (DBH <10 cm, height <30 cm) and saplings (DBH <10 cm, height >30 cm). We also measured soil moisture and soil pH, estimated canopy cover, and recorded slope and altitude in each quadrat. For all species together and for several species individually, tree density, seedling density, sapling density and tree basal area were found to decrease with elevation on both north and south aspects. This trend is largely explained by the progressively harsher environment at higher elevations. The north-facing slopes in our study area have denser forests than the south-facing slopes, the density of all size classes (seedling, sapling and mature plants) and basal area being greater on the northern aspects. These aspect-wide differences are attributable to the stark difference in soil moisture between northern and southern aspects, which is in turn due to the difference in insolation. Irrespective of elevation and aspect, all the forests studied are regenerating, as indicated by inverse J-shaped density-diameter curves. The elevational pattern of seedling and sapling abundance is explained only by elevation. Whereas other variables (e.g., canopy) are considered to have an important influence on seed germination and seedling establishment, they turn out not to be significant predictors of density of seedlings and saplings. This failure to identify a relationship is probably due to our use of non-parametric test (tree regression analysis) that we used to establish the relationship between density and its potential explanatory variables or due to our selection of 1 standard error rule yielding sub-optimal models for regression trees. Key words: density-diameter curve; regeneration; seedling; sapling; altitude; canopy; Manang Valley DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hjs.v6i8.1798 Himalayan Journal of Sciences Vol.6 Issue 8 2010 pp.19-26

scholarly journals ESTRUTURA E PADRÃO ESPACIAL DA VEGETAÇÃO EM UMA ÁREA DE CAATINGA

FLORESTA ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel Paes Marangon ◽  
Rinaldo Luiz Caraciollo Ferreira ◽  
José Antônio Aleixo Da Silva ◽  
David Fagner de Souza e Lira ◽  
Emanuel Araújo Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Forest Management ◽  
Spatial Pattern ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Vegetation Structure ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
History Of ◽  
Aggregated Distribution

A vegetação do Nordeste revela carência relacionada ao manejo florestal da Caatinga. Objetivou-se estudar o padrão espacial de espécies e estrutura da vegetação em área de Caatinga, localizada no município de Floresta, PE. Em uma área de aproximadamente 10 ha, com histórico de perturbação, foram instaladas 20 parcelas de 20 x 20 m, de forma sistemática. Todas as árvores com CAP a 1,30 m do solo ≥ 6 cm foram identificadas e tiveram suas circunferências e alturas mensuradas. Foram encontradas 18 espécies arbóreas, distribuídas em 15 gêneros, dentro de 6 famílias botânicas, com índice de diversidade de Shannon (H') de 2,11 nats.ind-1, e área basal total estimada de 4,53 m2.ha-1. Destacaram-se as famílias Fabaceae, com 48,93% dos indivíduos, e Euphorbiaceae, com 41,28%. As espécies Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L. P. Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. e Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth somaram 55% do total do valor de importância. A maioria das espécies apresentou distribuição agregada, exceto algumas, como Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. para o índice de McGuinnes (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J. B. Gillett para McGuinnes (IGA) e Payandeh (Pi) e Manihot cartaginenses subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. para Fracker e Brischle (Ki), que obtiveram tendência ao agrupamento.Palavras-chave: Semiárido; Pernambuco; distribuição espacial.AbstractStructure and spatial pattern of vegetation in a caatinga area. Forest management deficiency in relation to Northeast vegetation, specifically caatinga, are remarkable. This research aims to analyze spatial patterns of species and vegetation structure in Caatinga area, located in the municipality of Floresta-PE. In an area of approximately 10 ha, and a history of disturbance, 20 plots (20 x 20 m) were installed in systematic way. All trees with CAP (at 1.30 m above the ground) ≥ 6 cm had been identified, and their circumferences and heights measured. 18 tree species were sampled, distributed in 15 genus, within 6 botanical families, with diversity index of Shannon (H ') of 2.11 nats / ind, and estimated total basal area of 4, 53 m2.ha-1. The highlighted families were Fabaceae, 48.93% of individuals, and Euphorbiaceae 41.28%. The species Poincianella bracteosa (Tul.) L.P.Queiroz, Croton rhamnifolius Kunth, Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem., and Mimosa ophtalmocentra Mart. ex Benth totalized 55% of the total value of importance. Most species revealed aggregated distribution, except some like Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allem. for the McGuinness index (IGA), Commiphora leptophloeos (Mart.) J.B.Gillett for McGuinness (IGA) and Payandeh (Pi), and Manihot cartaginenses Subsp. glaziovii (Muell. Arg.) Allem. for Fracker and Brischle (Ki), which obtained grouping tendency.Keywords: Semiarid; Pernambuco; spatial distribution. 

Ice storms as a successional pathway forFagus grandifoliaadvancement inQuercus rubradominated forests of southern New England

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (11) ◽  
pp. 1628-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristofer R. Covey ◽  
Alex L. Barrett ◽  
Mark S. Ashton
Keyword(s):  
New England ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Storm Damage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Southern New England ◽  
Downed Woody Debris

On 11 December 2008, a severe ice storm affected large portions of southern New England. We report the results of a study investigating differential damage among tree species. Past studies surveying ice-damaged forests have relied heavily on ocular estimations of canopy damage. We compare this method with damage estimates based on the cross-sectional area of downed woody material and quantitative comparisons of tree height and canopy projection in damaged and undamaged stands. Ocular estimates and changes in canopy height and projection were unreliable. Estimates based on the amount of woody debris provide a more robust measure of storm damage. We assess damage in two forest tracts with a dominant red oak (Quercus rubra L.) canopy (42% of total basal area) and an American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) dominated understory (50% of all stems > 1.3 m). Species’ standing basal area was well correlated with the amount of newly downed woody debris (r = 0.69, p < 0.001); accordingly, oak species constituted approximately 57% of all newly downed woody debris, and ANOVA showed that oak species were significantly more impacted by ice damage than other species present (p < 0.001). Our findings indicate that canopy species provide an “umbrella effect”, shielding less dominant lower strata trees from the worst effects of ice load. Oak was also the largest contributor to older downed woody debris, indicative of a recurrent historical pattern of differential canopy disturbance driven by strata and relative dominance. These findings suggest that periodic ice events play an important role in facilitating the advancement of shade-tolerant tree species into the canopy from lower strata.

scholarly journals Structure, Composition and Diversity of Tree Species at Inobonto Poigar I Production Forest, Forest Management Unit of Poigar, North Sulawesi

Jurnal Wasian ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Nurlita Indah Wahyuni ◽  
Hendra Susanto Mokodompit
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Wiener Index ◽  
Management Unit ◽  
Primary Forest ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Shaped Pattern

Most of primary forest after exploitation era in Indonesia was converted into secondary forest including Forest Management Unit of Poigar. On the other hand the understanding of forest vegetation will help ecology restoration efforts. This study aims to analyze the structure, composition and tree species diversity of Inobonto Poigar I. In order to accomplish the proposed objectives, 31 plots of 20 m x 20 m were randomly established in the forest area where number and name of tree species in each plot was identified and counted. The research was conducted on September 2014 and recorded a total of 78 species within measured plot. The average basal area of the forest was 16,77 m2/ha and the size class distribution was different from primary forest which is resembled a reserved J-shaped pattern. Trema orientalis was found as the dominant species among tree and pole levels, whereas Piper sp. dominated sapling level respectively. The Shannon-Wiener index showed that sapling has the higher diversity than tree and poles. The result of structure and composition analysis of vegetation has indicated that Inobonto I forest is secondary forest.

scholarly journals Impact Assessment of Timber Harvesting Operations for Enhancing Sustainable Management in a Secondary Atlantic Forest

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6272
Author(s):  
Pedro C. Britto ◽  
Dirk Jaeger ◽  
Stephan Hoffmann ◽  
Renato C. G. Robert ◽  
Alexander C. Vibrans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Management ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Sustainable Forest Management ◽  
Basal Area ◽  
Timber Harvesting ◽  
Damage Maps ◽  
Harvesting Method ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Forest Biome

Conservation and management of forest ecosystems are currently largely conflicting goals in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest biome. At present, all parts of the Atlantic Forest are protected and commercial logging is highly restricted. However, sustainable forest management systems can offer significant income opportunities for landholders, and thereby actively support the process of ecosystem rehabilitation and protection of the Atlantic Forest. This research is intended to contribute to enhancing the development of environmentally sound forest management alternatives in the Atlantic Forest biome. Through a case study, the harvesting impact of a conventional harvesting method (CM) was evaluated and compared with an alternative and improved harvesting method (AM), performed by a well-trained professional chainsaw operator experienced in reduced impact logging techniques, and included the use of a snatch block and a skidding cone. Following a full pre-harvest inventory, 110 different tree species were identified. The harvesting impact on the residual stand was classified and evaluated through a successive post-harvest inventory. Damage maps were developed based on interpolation of tree damage intensities with the triangular irregular networks (TIN) methodology. Our results showed noticeable high rates of tree hang-ups, observed for both harvesting methods. Furthermore, the harvesting damaged trees mainly in the lower diameter at breast height (DBH) classes. In comparison to winching, the felling process caused most of the damage to remnant trees for both methods, at 87% (CM) and 88% (AM). The number of damaged trees (above 11.9 cm DBH) per harvested tree, for CM, ranged from 0.8 trees to 2.5 trees and, for AM, ranged from 0.6 trees to 2.2 trees. Improvements of the AM method (operator skills, skidding cone and snatch block) over CM allowed for a reduction of the damaged basal area, a reduction of the “high damaged area” per plot, and a reduction of the winching disturbed ground area. Nonetheless, a suitable harvesting system should consider further improvements in the felling technique, and additionally integrate the local knowledge of CM regarding forest and tree species with the technical improvements of AM.

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