scholarly journals Rhizoremediation of Petrol Engine Oil Using Biosurfactants Producing Microbial Consortium in Mustard Crop

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 261-266
Author(s):  
Govind Kumar ◽  
Rajesh Kumar ◽  
Anita Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Petrol Engine ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Mustard Crop ◽  
Soil Water Resources

Contamination of soil / water resources by petroleum products poses severe threats to underground water and soil quality. In the present study biosurfactant producing bacterial cultures were used to degrade petrol engine oil under in situ conditions in the plant rhizosphere system. Two bacterial isolates used in this study were recovered from Haldia oil refinery sites and identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa (JX100389) and P. moraviensis (JX149542). Application of consortium C2, (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and P. moraviensis) degraded 79.02 % petrol engine oil @ 2% in the soil planted with mustard (Brassica juncea var. Kranti) crop after 120 days. GC-MS of biodegraded fuel showed the presence of new product like hexadecanoic acid 2, oxo-methyl ester.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 261-266 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12475 

scholarly journals Screening of hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria using redox indicator 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol.

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 565-573 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Proteus Mirabilis ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Hydrocarbonoclastic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Redox Indicator

<div> <p>Petroleum products are used in different forms in auto-mechanic workshops every day. Spent motor oil disposed-off improperly contains potentially toxic substances which can seep into the water tables and contaminate ground water. This study involved isolation and screening of bacterial species capable of utilizing hydrocarbons from three auto-mechanic workshops in Abeokuta, Ogun State. Total Heterotrophic Bacterial Counts ranged from 1.03 &times; 10<sup>6</sup> to 2.81 &times; 10<sup>6 </sup>CFU/g. Total Oil Degrading Bacterial Counts varied between 4.0 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> and 2.01 &times; 10<sup>6</sup> CFU/g while Surface Active Bacterial Counts were from 1.2 &times; 10<sup>4</sup> to 2.76 &times; 10<sup>5</sup> CFU/g. Twenty-four bacteria species capable of utilizing petroleum as a carbon source were isolated from various contaminated soils using enrichment technique. Isolated bacteria include: <em>Bacillus </em>spp., <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa,</em> <em>Micrococcus </em>spp., <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>, <em>Proteus vulgaris </em>and<em> Enterobacter </em>spp. Redox indicator 2, 6-dichlorophenol indophenol (DCPIP) was used to screen for efficient hydrocarbon (Kerosene, Premium Motor Spirit, and Engine oil) degradation by bacteria. Degradation efficiency was measured by optical density at 600 nm. <em>Micrococcus </em>spp., <em>Proteus mirabilis</em>, and <em>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</em> were found to be the best isolates growing on majority of hydrocarbons due to their high utilization value when growing on the hydrocarbons tested.</p> </div> <p>&nbsp;</p>

scholarly journals Rapid evolution and host immunity drive the rise and fall of carbapenem resistance during an acute Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Wheatley ◽  
Julio Diaz Caballero ◽  
Natalia Kapel ◽  
Fien H. R. de Winter ◽  
Pramod Jangir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Efflux Pump ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Carbapenem Resistance ◽  
Host Immunity ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Loss Of Resistance ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Second Wave

AbstractIt is well established that antibiotic treatment selects for resistance, but the dynamics of this process during infections are poorly understood. Here we map the responses of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to treatment in high definition during a lung infection of a single ICU patient. Host immunity and antibiotic therapy with meropenem suppressed P. aeruginosa, but a second wave of infection emerged due to the growth of oprD and wbpM meropenem resistant mutants that evolved in situ. Selection then led to a loss of resistance by decreasing the prevalence of low fitness oprD mutants, increasing the frequency of high fitness mutants lacking the MexAB-OprM efflux pump, and decreasing the copy number of a multidrug resistance plasmid. Ultimately, host immunity suppressed wbpM mutants with high meropenem resistance and fitness. Our study highlights how natural selection and host immunity interact to drive both the rapid rise, and fall, of resistance during infection.

scholarly journals Rock Surface Fungi in Deep Continental Biosphere—Exploration of Microbial Community Formation with Subsurface In Situ Biofilm Trap

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
Maija Nuppunen-Puputti ◽  
Riikka Kietäväinen ◽  
Lotta Purkamo ◽  
Pauliina Rajala ◽  
Merja Itävaara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Debaryomyces Hansenii ◽  
Fungal Communities ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Rock Surface ◽  
Mica Schist ◽  
Deep Subsurface ◽  
Bacterial Phyla ◽  
In Situ Conditions

Fungi have an important role in nutrient cycling in most ecosystems on Earth, yet their ecology and functionality in deep continental subsurface remain unknown. Here, we report the first observations of active fungal colonization of mica schist in the deep continental biosphere and the ability of deep subsurface fungi to attach to rock surfaces under in situ conditions in groundwater at 500 and 967 m depth in Precambrian bedrock. We present an in situ subsurface biofilm trap, designed to reveal sessile microbial communities on rock surface in deep continental groundwater, using Outokumpu Deep Drill Hole, in eastern Finland, as a test site. The observed fungal phyla in Outokumpu subsurface were Basidiomycota, Ascomycota, and Mortierellomycota. In addition, significant proportion of the community represented unclassified Fungi. Sessile fungal communities on mica schist surfaces differed from the planktic fungal communities. The main bacterial phyla were Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteriota. Biofilm formation on rock surfaces is a slow process and our results indicate that fungal and bacterial communities dominate the early surface attachment process, when pristine mineral surfaces are exposed to deep subsurface ecosystems. Various fungi showed statistically significant cross-kingdom correlation with both thiosulfate and sulfate reducing bacteria, e.g., SRB2 with fungi Debaryomyces hansenii.

scholarly journals Discrete element analysis of the punching behaviour of a secured drapery system: from laboratory characterization to idealized in situ conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Pol ◽  
Fabio Gabrieli ◽  
Lorenzo Brezzi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Steel Wire ◽  
Discrete Element ◽  
Wire Mesh ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Loading Conditions ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Wire Meshes

AbstractIn this work, the mechanical response of a steel wire mesh panel against a punching load is studied starting from laboratory test conditions and extending the results to field applications. Wire meshes anchored with bolts and steel plates are extensively used in rockfall protection and slope stabilization. Their performances are evaluated through laboratory tests, but the mechanical constraints, the geometry and the loading conditions may strongly differ from the in situ conditions leading to incorrect estimations of the strength of the mesh. In this work, the discrete element method is used to simulate a wire mesh. After validation of the numerical mesh model against experimental data, the punching behaviour of an anchored mesh panel is investigated in order to obtain a more realistic characterization of the mesh mechanical response in field conditions. The dimension of the punching element, its position, the anchor plate size and the anchor spacing are varied, providing analytical relationships able to predict the panel response in different loading conditions. Furthermore, the mesh panel aspect ratio is analysed showing the existence of an optimal value. The results of this study can provide useful information to practitioners for designing secured drapery systems, as well as for the assessment of their safety conditions.

scholarly journals Relating Induced in Situ Conditions of Raw Chicken Breast Meat to Pinking

2004 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Holownia ◽  
M.S. Chinnan ◽  
A.E. Reynolds ◽  
JW Davis
Keyword(s):  
Chicken Breast ◽  
Breast Meat ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Chicken Breast Meat

scholarly journals A microscopic approach to investigate bacteria under in situ conditions in sea-ice samples

2001 ◽  
Vol 33 ◽  
pp. 304-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Junge ◽  
Christopher Krembs ◽  
Jody Deming ◽  
Aaron Stierle ◽  
Hajo Eicken
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Pore Space ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Epifluorescence Microscopy ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Dimensional Network ◽  
In Situ Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Stain

AbstractMicrobial populations and activity within sea ice have been well described based on bulk measurements from melted sea-ice samples. However, melting destroys the micro-environments within the ice matrix and does not allow for examination of microbial populations at a spatial scale relevant to the organism. Here, we describe the development of a new method allowing for microscopic observations of bacteria localized within the three-dimensional network of brine inclusions in sea ice under in situ conditions. Conventional bacterial staining procedures, using the DNA-specific fluorescent stain DAPI, epifluorescence microscopy and image analysis, were adapted to examine bacteria and their associations with various surfaces within microtomed sections of sea ice at temperatures from −2° to −15°C. The utility and sensitivity of the method were demonstrated by analyzing artificial sea-ice preparations of decimal dilutions of a known bacterial culture. When applied to natural, particle-rich sea ice, the method allowed distinction between bacteria and particles at high magnification. At lower magnifications, observations of bacteria could be combined with those of other organisms and with morphology and particle content of the pore space. The method described here may ultimately aid in discerning constraints on microbial life at extremely low temperatures.

scholarly journals Conjugal TOL Transfer from Pseudomonas putida to Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Effects of Restriction Proficiency, Toxicant Exposure, Cell Density Ratios, and Conjugation Detection Method on Observed Transfer Efficiencies

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catalina Arango Pinedo ◽  
Barth F. Smets
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Strong Dependence ◽  
Plasmid Transfer ◽  
Mass Action ◽  
Tol Plasmid ◽  
Toxicant Exposure ◽  
Transfer Frequency ◽  
Cell Densities

ABSTRACT The effects of restriction proficiency and premating exposure to toxicants on conjugal transfer of the TOL plasmid between Pseudomonas spp. was investigated by examinations of filter matings. A Pseudomonas putida KT2442-derived strain carrying a gfp-tagged variant of the TOL plasmid was used as a donor, and both restriction-deficient (PAO1162N) and -proficient (PAO2002N) Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains were used as recipients. The in situ enumeration of conjugation events allowed us to obtain frequency estimates that were unbiased by transconjugant growth or plasmid retransfer. We observed a strong dependence of the plasmid transfer frequency on the initial donor-to-recipient ratio of surface matings, which invalidated the use of mass action-based plasmid transfer kinetic estimators. Careful control of the initial parental cell densities permitted evaluations of the true effects of restriction proficiency and toxicant exposure on TOL transfer. At standard donor-to-recipient ratios (10−3 for PAO1162N and 2 � 101 for PAO2002N) and total cell densities (105 cells/mm2 for PAO1162N and 106 cells/mm2 for PAO2002N), plasmid transfer frequencies without toxicant exposure were approximately 10−7 (events/mm2)−1 for PAO1162N and 10−11 (events/mm2)−1 for PAO2002N based on in situ observations of conjugation events. The enumeration of transconjugants via selective plating yielded transfer frequencies that were up to 1 order of magnitude lower. Premating exposure to sodium dodecyl sulfate (1 to 10 mM) significantly increased the transfer frequency for the restriction-proficient strain PAO2002N (P < 0.05) but not for the restriction-deficient strain PAO1162N. On the other hand, premating exposure to ethanol, toluene, or phenol had no positive effect on the plasmid transfer frequency. Clearly, restriction proficiency provides a strong barrier to interspecific transfer of the TOL plasmid, and this barrier was only marginally attenuated by recipient exposure to toxicants within the ranges examined.

Prediction indicators of the petroleum products quality using statistical methods

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keyword(s):  
Petroleum Product ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Autoregressive Model ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Distributed Lag ◽  
Method Of Principal Components ◽  
Product Method

The possibility of the virtual analyzers models constructing of the petroleum products quality indicators for the atmospheric column of an oil refinery is considered. Comparison of linear models is carried out. It was found that more accurate and less costly are autoregressive models with a distributed lag. The use of such models at the facility improves the efficiency of obtaining information about the quality of petroleum products. Keywords virtual analyzers; autoregressive model; lag; factors; petroleum product; method of principal components; quality

THERMAL NEUTRALIZATION OF CARBON-CONTAINING SLUDGE

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 118-123
Author(s):  
D. YU. UMANSKY ◽  
◽  
M. V. VASINA ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sulfuric Acid ◽  
Aromatic Hydrocarbons ◽  
Petroleum Products ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Gas Oil ◽  
Hazard Class ◽  
Resinous Substance ◽  
Oil Fractions ◽  
Petroleum Distillates

Acid tar is a resinous substance, which in most cases has a viscous structure. They are obtained as a result of sulfuric acid purification of petroleum distillates, oil residues, in the production of sulfonate additives, in the sulfonation and purification of oils, paraffins, kerosene and gas oil fractions and other petroleum products from aromatic hydrocarbons. Until recently, this type of waste was temporarily accumulated in specially designated areas - acid tar storage ponds, which were located near the oil refinery, which had a significant impact on the environment. The paper considers the process of formation of acid tar on the example of the production of sulfonate additives. The composition of the mixture of acid tar and sulfonate sludge was evaluated, and the hazard class of this type of waste was determined. Methods of utilization of acid tar are studied and a method of utilization of acid tar for the considered production is proposed.

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