Microalgae Cultivation in Different pH, Temperature and Media for Lipid Production

Lipids produced by microalgal biomass can be grouped into nonpolar lipids and polar lipids, which can be easily converted into biofuels. Microalgal samples were collected from three different ponds of Bangalore and cultured in the laboratory to find the effect of different pH, temperature and media on the production of biomass and lipids. Among these, pH-9, temperature -25°C and Beneck’s media was most suitable for production of biomass (35.80 g/L) and lipids from the isolated microalgae Chlorella sp. compare to Chladospora sp. (13.33 g/L). Chlorella sp. Showed 0.32 (OD) at pH-9, 0.43 (OD) at temperature-25°C and 2.94 (OD) in Beneck’s media. Our result revealed that nutrient supply along with measured variables affects the production of biomass and lipids in different microalgae.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i2.10227 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(2): 2014; 13-17

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Statistical Approach of Nutrient Optimization for Microalgae Cultivation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014103009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 03009

Author(s):

Pichayatorn Bunkaew ◽

Sasithorn Kongruang

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Cobalt Chloride ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

Cultivation Time ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Chloride Hexahydrate ◽

Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate

The Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was applied to study fresh water microalgae cultivation using Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 to select the influential nutrient factors for biomass and lipid production. The PBD for 13 trials from 11 nutrient factors with 3 levels was studied in the mixotrophic cultivation at 28 0C under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time. Two influential factors were chosen as glucose and cobalt chloride hexahydrate to further design via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in order to optimize the cultivation of this microalgae for biodiesel production. The 17 trials of 3 factors and 3 levels of BBD experimental design technique were applied with varying factors of glucose (20-40 g/L), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.01-0.04 mg/L) and light intensity (4,500-7,500 Lux) under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time at 28 0C. Result showed that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 cultivation yield 0.52 g/L biomass and 0.31 g/L lipid production resulting in approximately 60% of lipid production when cultivated in 20.05 g/L glucose, 0.04 mg/L CoCl26H2O under light intensity of 4,614 Lux with the supplementation of 4.38 g/L NaHCO3 coupled with 1 g/L of both NaNO3 and KH2PO4. Under statically mixotrophic cultivation, result indicated that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 had potential to produce high lipid content for biodiesel application and biomass production for nutraceutical application. Further experiment with the longer cultivation period up to 2 weeks would implement not only for monitoring the growth kinetics but also evaluating the suitable type of fatty acid production.

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Lipid Production of Heterotrophic Chlorella sp. from Hydrolysate Mixtures of Lipid-Extracted Microalgal Biomass Residues and Molasses

Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology ◽

10.1007/s12010-015-1770-4 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 177 (3) ◽

pp. 662-674 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Hongli Zheng ◽

Xiaochen Ma ◽

Zhen Gao ◽

Yiqin Wan ◽

Min Min ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Biomass Residues ◽

Chlorella Sp

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Microalgal Biomass and Lipid Production on Dairy Effluent Using a Novel Microalga, Chlorella sp. Isolated from Dairy Wastewater

Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering ◽

10.1007/s12257-018-0094-y ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 333-340 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Yong-Keun Choi ◽

Hyun Min Jang ◽

Eunsung Kan

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Dairy Wastewater ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Dairy Effluent ◽

Chlorella Sp

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Metabolomic Study of Heterotrophically Grown Chlorella sp. Isolated from Wastewater in Northern Sweden

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26092410 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (9) ◽

pp. 2410

Author(s):

Jean Claude Nzayisenga ◽

Anita Sellstedt

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Northern Sweden ◽

Metabolic Intermediate ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Lipid Contents ◽

New Compounds ◽

Potential Use

There are numerous strains of Chlorella with a corresponding variety of metabolic pathways. A strain we previously isolated from wastewater in northern Sweden can grow heterotrophically as well as autotrophically in light and has higher lipid contents under heterotrophic growth conditions. The aims of the present study were to characterize metabolic changes associated with the higher lipid contents in order to enhance our understanding of lipid production in microalgae and potentially identify new compounds with utility in sustainable development. Inter alia, the amino acids glutamine and lysine were 7-fold more abundant under heterotrophic conditions, the key metabolic intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glucose, and maltose was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glycerol than under autotrophic conditions. The metabolite 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, the direct precursor of the biodegradable plastic PHB (poly-3-hydroxy-butyric acid), was also more abundant under heterotrophic conditions. Our metabolomic analysis has provided new insights into the alga’s lipid production pathways and identified metabolites with potential use in sustainable development, such as the production of renewable, biodegradable plastics, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals, with reduced pollution and improvements in both ecological and human health.

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Cultivation of Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost for lipid production

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L.-D. Zhu ◽

Z.-H. Li ◽

D.-B. Guo ◽

F. Huang ◽

Y. Nugroho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Chlorella Sp

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COMPARATIVE STUDIES OF CELL GROWTH OF FRESHWATER MICROALGA CHLORELLA SP. IN PHOTOAUTOTROPHIC, HETEROTROPHIC AND MIXOTROPHIC CULTURES

Jurnal Teknologi ◽

10.11113/jt.v78.4349 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 78 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Costantine Joannes ◽

Rachel Fran Mansa ◽

Suhaimi Md. Yasir ◽

Jedol Dayou

Keyword(s):

Cell Growth ◽

Cell Concentration ◽

Alternative Pathway ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

Heterotrophic Culture ◽

Mixotrophic Culture ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Carbon Compounds ◽

Culture Mode

Lately, research on biodiesel production as a renewable and sustainable energy has become increasingly apparent due to the fact that fossil fuel is decreasing and the concern of global warming issues. The third generation of biofuel, which is microalgae-based biodiesel had gained interest over the last decade. The ability of microalgae to grow in various conditions is one of its advantages as the potential and promising feedstock for biodiesel. Microalgae can be cultivated in three modes such as photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture mode. Unlike photoautotrophic mode where light is required, the heterotrophic mode mainly utilized carbon compounds to grow. On the other hand, the mixotrophic mode is the condition where light and carbon compounds are supplied for microalgae culturing. This paper investigates the cell growth of Chlorella sp. cultivated in photoautotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic culture mode. It was found that Chlorella sp. was capable of producing the highest cell concentration of 6.67 ± 0.56 x 106 cell mL-1 in the photoautotrophic mode for 23 days of cultivation period. This was 1.3 times and 3.2 times greater than the cell concentration in mixotrophic (5.02 ± 0.49 x 106 cell mL-1) and heterotrophic (2.03 ± 0.29 x 106 cell mL-1) culture, respectively. On the contrary, the highest specific growth rate obtained in the study was from heterotrophic mode (0.32 ± 0.04 day-1) followed by photoautotrophic and mixotrophic mode with 0.26 ± 0.05 day-1 and 0.20 ± 0.04 day-1, respectively. Chlorella sp. cell grew well under the photoautotrophic and mixotrophic mode. However, the insufficient of glucose level had contributed to lower cells productivity in the heterotrophic culture. Therefore, the mixotrophic mode could also be an alternative pathway in microalgae cultivation for biodiesel production if the glucose supplied was adequate and at the suitable level.

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Process Engineering for High-Cell-Density Cultivation of Lipid Rich Microalgal Biomass of Chlorella sp. FC2 IITG

BioEnergy Research ◽

10.1007/s12155-014-9552-3 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 726-739 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Muthusivaramapandian Muthuraj ◽

Niharika Chandra ◽

Basavaraj Palabhanvi ◽

Vikram Kumar ◽

Debasish Das

Keyword(s):

Cell Density ◽

High Cell Density ◽

Process Engineering ◽

High Cell ◽

High Cell Density Cultivation ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Chlorella Sp

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The Dark Side of Microalgae Biotechnology: A Heterotrophic Biorefinery Platform Directed to ω-3 Rich Lipid Production

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7120670 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 670 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Teresa Lopes da Silva ◽

Patrícia Moniz ◽

Carla Silva ◽

Alberto Reis

Keyword(s):

Low Cost ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Arable Land ◽

Integrated System ◽

Dark Side ◽

Omega 3 ◽

Niche Markets ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Oleaginous Microalgae ◽

Heterotrophic Microalgae

Microbial oils have been considered a renewable feedstock for bioenergy not competing with food crops for arable land, freshwater and biodiverse natural landscapes. Microalgal oils may also have other purposes (niche markets) besides biofuels production such as pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, cosmetic and food industries. The polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) obtained from oleaginous microalgae show benefits over other PUFAs sources such as fish oils, being odorless, and non-dependent on fish stocks. Heterotrophic microalgae can use low-cost substrates such as organic wastes/residues containing carbon, simultaneously producing PUFAs together with other lipids that can be further converted into bioenergy, for combined heat and power (CHP), or liquid biofuels, to be integrated in the transportation system. This review analyses the different strategies that have been recently used to cultivate and further process heterotrophic microalgae for lipids, with emphasis on omega-3 rich compounds. It also highlights the importance of studying an integrated process approach based on the use of low-cost substrates associated to the microalgal biomass biorefinery, identifying the best sustainability methodology to be applied to the whole integrated system.

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