Metabolomic Study of Heterotrophically Grown Chlorella sp. Isolated from Wastewater in Northern Sweden

There are numerous strains of Chlorella with a corresponding variety of metabolic pathways. A strain we previously isolated from wastewater in northern Sweden can grow heterotrophically as well as autotrophically in light and has higher lipid contents under heterotrophic growth conditions. The aims of the present study were to characterize metabolic changes associated with the higher lipid contents in order to enhance our understanding of lipid production in microalgae and potentially identify new compounds with utility in sustainable development. Inter alia, the amino acids glutamine and lysine were 7-fold more abundant under heterotrophic conditions, the key metabolic intermediate alpha-ketoglutarate was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glucose, and maltose was more abundant under heterotrophic conditions with glycerol than under autotrophic conditions. The metabolite 3-hydroxy-butyric acid, the direct precursor of the biodegradable plastic PHB (poly-3-hydroxy-butyric acid), was also more abundant under heterotrophic conditions. Our metabolomic analysis has provided new insights into the alga’s lipid production pathways and identified metabolites with potential use in sustainable development, such as the production of renewable, biodegradable plastics, cosmetics, and nutraceuticals, with reduced pollution and improvements in both ecological and human health.

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Naturally Occurring Ecdysteroids in Triticum aestivum L. and Evaluation of Fenarimol as a Potential Inhibitor of Their Biosynthesis in Plants

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms22062855 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (6) ◽

pp. 2855

Author(s):

Anna Janeczko ◽

Jana Oklestkova ◽

Danuše Tarkowská ◽

Barbara Drygaś

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Winter Wheat ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Animal Kingdom ◽

Experimental Conditions ◽

P450 Monooxygenase ◽

Naturally Occurring ◽

Regulatory Effects ◽

Potential Use

Ecdysteroids (ECs) are steroid hormones originally found in the animal kingdom where they function as insect molting hormones. Interestingly, a relatively high number of these substances can also be formed in plant cells. Moreover, ECs have certain regulatory effects on plant physiology, but their role in plants still requires further study. One of the main aims of the present study was to verify a hypothesis that fenarimol, an inhibitor of the biosynthesis of ECs in the animal kingdom, also affects the content of endogenous ECs in plants using winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. as a model plant. The levels of endogenous ECs in winter wheat, including the estimation of their changes during a course of different temperature treatments, have been determined using a sensitive analytical method based on UHPLC-MS/MS. Under our experimental conditions, four substances of EC character were detected in the tissue of interest in amounts ranging from less than 1 to over 200 pg·g−1 FW: 20-hydroxyecdysone, polypodine B, turkesterone, and isovitexirone. Among them, turkesterone was observed to be the most abundant EC and accumulated mainly in the crowns and leaves of wheat. Importantly, the level of ECs was observed to be dependent on the age of the plants, as well as on growth conditions (especially temperature). Fenarimol, an inhibitor of a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase, was shown to significantly decrease the level of naturally occurring ECs in experimental plants, which may indicate its potential use in studies related to the biosynthesis and physiological function of these substances in plants.

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Cultivation of Chlorella sp. with livestock waste compost for lipid production

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2016.09.094 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 223 ◽

pp. 296-300 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

L.-D. Zhu ◽

Z.-H. Li ◽

D.-B. Guo ◽

F. Huang ◽

Y. Nugroho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Livestock Waste ◽

Chlorella Sp

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Microalgae Cultivation in Different pH, Temperature and Media for Lipid Production

International Journal of Life Sciences ◽

10.3126/ijls.v8i2.10227 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 13-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Dakshayini Jayaramareddy ◽

Ravikumar Krishnappa ◽

Girisha Sirangala Thimmappa

Keyword(s):

Lipid Production ◽

Life Sciences ◽

Nutrient Supply ◽

Polar Lipids ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

Microalgal Biomass ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Nonpolar Lipids

Lipids produced by microalgal biomass can be grouped into nonpolar lipids and polar lipids, which can be easily converted into biofuels. Microalgal samples were collected from three different ponds of Bangalore and cultured in the laboratory to find the effect of different pH, temperature and media on the production of biomass and lipids. Among these, pH-9, temperature -25°C and Beneck’s media was most suitable for production of biomass (35.80 g/L) and lipids from the isolated microalgae Chlorella sp. compare to Chladospora sp. (13.33 g/L). Chlorella sp. Showed 0.32 (OD) at pH-9, 0.43 (OD) at temperature-25°C and 2.94 (OD) in Beneck’s media. Our result revealed that nutrient supply along with measured variables affects the production of biomass and lipids in different microalgae.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijls.v8i2.10227 International Journal of Life Sciences Vol.8(2): 2014; 13-17

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Statistical Approach of Nutrient Optimization for Microalgae Cultivation

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202014103009 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 ◽

pp. 03009

Author(s):

Pichayatorn Bunkaew ◽

Sasithorn Kongruang

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Cobalt Chloride ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Mixotrophic Cultivation ◽

Microalgae Cultivation ◽

Cultivation Time ◽

Chlorella Sp ◽

Chloride Hexahydrate ◽

Cobalt Chloride Hexahydrate

The Plackett-Burman Design (PBD) was applied to study fresh water microalgae cultivation using Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 to select the influential nutrient factors for biomass and lipid production. The PBD for 13 trials from 11 nutrient factors with 3 levels was studied in the mixotrophic cultivation at 28 0C under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time. Two influential factors were chosen as glucose and cobalt chloride hexahydrate to further design via Box-Behnken Design (BBD) in order to optimize the cultivation of this microalgae for biodiesel production. The 17 trials of 3 factors and 3 levels of BBD experimental design technique were applied with varying factors of glucose (20-40 g/L), cobalt chloride hexahydrate (0.01-0.04 mg/L) and light intensity (4,500-7,500 Lux) under 16:8 light and dark photoperiods over 7 days of cultivation time at 28 0C. Result showed that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 cultivation yield 0.52 g/L biomass and 0.31 g/L lipid production resulting in approximately 60% of lipid production when cultivated in 20.05 g/L glucose, 0.04 mg/L CoCl26H2O under light intensity of 4,614 Lux with the supplementation of 4.38 g/L NaHCO3 coupled with 1 g/L of both NaNO3 and KH2PO4. Under statically mixotrophic cultivation, result indicated that Chlorella sp. TISTR 8411 had potential to produce high lipid content for biodiesel application and biomass production for nutraceutical application. Further experiment with the longer cultivation period up to 2 weeks would implement not only for monitoring the growth kinetics but also evaluating the suitable type of fatty acid production.

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Enhanced lipid production by Yarrowia lipolytica cultured with synthetic and waste-derived high-content volatile fatty acids under alkaline conditions

Biotechnology for Biofuels ◽

10.1186/s13068-019-1645-y ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ruiling Gao ◽

Zifu Li ◽

Xiaoqin Zhou ◽

Wenjun Bao ◽

Shikun Cheng ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Acetic Acid ◽

Propionic Acid ◽

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

Butyric Acid ◽

Lipid Content ◽

Volatile Fatty Acids ◽

Lipid Production ◽

Initial Ph ◽

Alkaline Conditions

Abstract Background Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) can be effective and promising alternate carbon sources for microbial lipid production by a few oleaginous yeasts. However, the severe inhibitory effect of high-content (> 10 g/L) VFAs on these yeasts has impeded the production of high lipid yields and their large-scale application. Slightly acidic conditions have been commonly adopted because they have been considered favorable to oleaginous yeast cultivation. However, the acidic pH environment further aggravates this inhibition because VFAs appear largely in an undissociated form under this condition. Alkaline conditions likely alleviate the severe inhibition of high-content VFAs by significantly increasing the dissociation degree of VFAs. This hypothesis should be verified through a systematic research. Results The combined effects of high acetic acid concentrations and alkaline conditions on VFA utilization, cell growth, and lipid accumulation of Yarrowia lipolytica were systematically investigated through batch cultures of Y. lipolytica by using high concentrations (30–110 g/L) of acetic acid as a carbon source at an initial pH ranging from 6 to 10. An initial pH of 8 was determined as optimal. The highest biomass and lipid production (37.14 and 10.11 g/L) were obtained with 70 g/L acetic acid, whereas cultures with > 70 g/L acetic acid had decreased biomass and lipid yield due to excessive anion accumulation. Feasibilities on high-content propionic acid, butyric acid, and mixed VFAs were compared and evaluated. Results indicated that YX/S and YL/S of cultures on butyric acid (0.570, 0.144) were comparable with those on acetic acid (0.578, 0.160) under alkaline conditions. The performance on propionic acid was much inferior to that on other acids. Mixed VFAs were more beneficial to fast adaptation and lipid production than single types of VFA. Furthermore, cultures on food waste (FW) and fruit and vegetable waste (FVW) fermentate were carried out and lipid production was effectively improved under this alkaline condition. The highest biomass and lipid production on FW fermentate reached 14.65 g/L (YX/S: 0.414) and 3.20 g/L (YL/S: 0.091) with a lipid content of 21.86%, respectively. By comparison, the highest biomass and lipid production on FVW fermentate were 11.84 g/L (YX/S: 0.534) and 3.08 g/L (YL/S: 0.139), respectively, with a lipid content of 26.02%. Conclusions This study assumed and verified that alkaline conditions (optimal pH 8) could effectively alleviate the lethal effect of high-content VFA on Y. lipolytica and significantly improve biomass and lipid production. These results could provide a new cultivation strategy to achieve simple utilizations of high-content VFAs and increase lipid production. Feasibilities on FW and FVW-derived VFAs were evaluated, and meaningful information was provided for practical applications.

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Characterization a Novel Butyric Acid-Producing Bacterium Collinsella aerofaciens Subsp. Shenzhenensis Subsp. Nov.

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms7030078 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 78 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Panpan Qin ◽

Yuanqiang Zou ◽

Ying Dai ◽

Guangwen Luo ◽

Xiaowei Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Butyric Acid ◽

Dna Hybridization ◽

Type Strain ◽

Inflammatory Diseases ◽

Optimal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Human Gut ◽

Positive Growth ◽

The 16S Rrna Gene

Butyrate-producing bacteria can biosynthesize butyrate and alleviate inflammatory diseases. However, few studies have reported that the genus Collinsella has the ability to produce butyric acid. Here, our study depicts a Collinsella strain, which is a rod-shaped obligate anaerobe that is able to produce butyric acid. This microorganism was isolated from a human gut, and the optimal growth conditions were found to be 37 °C on PYG medium with pH 6.5. The 16S rRNA gene sequence demonstrated that this microorganism shared 99.93% similarity with C. aerofaciens ATCC 25986T, which was higher than the threshold (98.65%) for differentiating two species. Digital DNA–DNA hybridization and average nucleotide identity values also supported that this microorganism belonged to the species C. aerofaciens. Distinct phenotypic characteristics between TF06-26 and the type strain of C. aerofaciens, such as the fermentation of D-lactose, D-fructose and D-maltose, positive growth under pH 5 and 0.2% (w/v) cholate, suggested this strain was a novel subspecies. Comparative genome analysis revealed that butyric acid kinase and phosphate butyryltransferase enzymes were coded exclusively by this strain, indicating a specific butyric acid-producing function of this C. aerofaciens subspecies within the genus Collinsella. Thus, Collinsella aerofaciens subsp. shenzhenensis subsp. nov. was proposed, with set strain TF06-26T (=CGMCC 1.5216T = DSM 105138T) as the type strain.

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Reactive Materials in the Removal of Phosphorus Compounds from Wastewater—A Review

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13153377 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (15) ◽

pp. 3377

Author(s):

Sylwia Gubernat ◽

Adam Masłoń ◽

Joanna Czarnota ◽

Piotr Koszelnik

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Green Chemistry ◽

Sorption Capacity ◽

Red Mud ◽

Phosphorus Compounds ◽

Reactive Materials ◽

Static Conditions ◽

Available Information ◽

Potential Use ◽

Modern Technologies

Modern technologies designed to treat wastewater containing phosphorus compounds are based on the processes of adsorption and precipitation. In addition, more environmentally friendly and cheaper materials are being sought to ensure greater conformity with overarching assumptions of green chemistry and sustainable development. Against that background, this paper offers a review and analysis of available information on the considered reactive materials that have the capacity to remove phosphorus from wastewater. These materials are categorised as natural (with a sub-division in line with the dominant sorption groups of Al/Fe or Ca/Mg), waste, or man-made. Notably, most studies on sorbents have been carried out in laboratory systems via experimentation under static conditions. Among the natural materials, opoka has the highest sorption capacity of 181.20 g P/kg, while red mud (in the waste material category) is most efficient at binding phosphorus with a level of 345.02 g P/kg. Finally, among the group of commercial materials, Rockfos® has the highest sorption capacity of 256.40 g P/kg. In addition, this paper recognises the effect of composition, pH, and physical properties on a reactive material’s capacity to absorb phosphorus, as well as the possibility for further potential use in the production of fertilisers.

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