scholarly journals Restructuring Integrated Watershed Management Models for the Federal Democratic Regime of Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
Shambhu Paudel ◽  
Prabhat Pal ◽  
Harish Singh Dhami
Keyword(s):  
Watershed Management ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Management Models ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Legislative Framework ◽  
Administrative Units ◽  
Public Service Agencies

Recent political envision has redesigned the administrative units of Nepal into federal states with the aim of decentralizing the power to ensure the process of rapid sustainable development. As a consequence, all the public service agencies need to restructure their delivery units for achieving goals targeted by the newly adopted administrative regime plan. With the aim of recommending the best watershed management models for this changing context, this paper aims to review existing watershed management models applied in different continents like European union, African union and the United States where they have already adopted this watershed management plans into their federal states or countries union successfully. Although they are geographically distinct and economically advanced, the major approach adopted is a river basin approach with the clear legislative framework. This approach is highly succeeded between interstate (or between member countries) because of political or interstate commitments for the common pool resource water. Clear policies and commitments between member countries or interstate greatly improved the function of this mechanism. With the light of those experiences in the field of watershed management plan adopted in federal or union countries, river based integrated management plan balancing efforts between interstates seems best models in the world, and is also proposed for the new federal republic of Nepal.

scholarly journals Vers une gestion intégrée des pâturages boisés – carte de visite du paysage jurassien | Towards an integrated management of the wooded pastures – typical of the Jura landscape

2011 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
pp. 81-86
Author(s):  
Renaud Baumgartner
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
Management System ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Leisure Activities ◽  
Cattle Grazing ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Integrated Management System ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Gestion Intégrée ◽  
The Creation

The wooded pastures arose from the colonisation of the valleys and high plateaux of the Jurassic Arc. They are the product of a mixed exploitation combining agricultural and silvicultural elements, and are dependent for their conservation on a form of management where a balance between cattle grazing and wood cutting is maintained. The abandon of farmland and fewer cattle at pasture in summer, the small returns from logging and the introduction of grants based on surface area of agriculturally used land (SAU) have together completely disturbed this balance. The necessity of an integrated management system which takes into account the interests of agriculture, silviculture, nature, landscape and leisure activities has led to the creation of interdisciplinary commissions on wooded pastures of the Bernese Jura and the Jurassic Arc. An Interreg IIIA project France-Switzerland has enabled the creation of a model integrated management plan. Due to the lack of funds from the Federal Office of Agriculture, the cantonal services promote the development of integrated management plans.

The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 7. Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 615-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E Wilson ◽  
Stephen J Darbyshire ◽  
Rosita Jones
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Aquatic Plant ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Fish Habitat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Management Tools ◽  
Surrounding Water ◽  
Cabomba Caroliniana ◽  
Asian Pacific

The freshwater aquatic plant Cabomba caroliniana, or fanwort, was recently reported in a lake northeast of Peterborough, Ontario, where it has successfully established and survived winter conditions since at least 1991. This is the first documented occurrence of fanwort becoming naturalized in Canada. Fanwort is a popular aquarium plant that is native to South America and possibly the southeastern United States and has been introduced in several Asian, Pacific and European countries through the discarding or deliberate planting of aquarium plants in natural waterways. It is particularly invasive in China, Japan and Australia, and in parts of the United States, where its range is spreading. Fanwort grows rapidly and forms dense stands that clog waterways, impeding flow, obstructing navigation, altering fish habitat and excluding other vegetation. It does not produce mature seed in the northern parts of its North American range, but can multiply clonally and spread quickly by stem fragmentation. It produces turion-like stems at the end of the growing season, which assist in over-wintering under adverse conditions. Fanwort is difficult to control with herbicides and is resistant to mechanical management techniques as populations can quickly re-establish from plant fragments. Populations near the Trent-Severn Waterway in Canada are extensively established and management tools are not available to attempt eradication. An integrated management plan that focuses on early detection and rapid response in surrounding water bodies may succeed in mitigating the economic and environmental impacts and limiting the spread of fanwort. Key words: Cabomba caroliniana, fanwort, cabomba de Caroline, CABCA, aquatic plant, weed biology, invasive alien

Does Stem Injection of Glyphosate Control Invasive Knotweeds (Polygonum spp.)? A Comparison of Four Methods

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Hagen ◽  
Peter W. Dunwiddie
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Management ◽  
The United States ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Control Technique ◽  
Japanese Knotweed ◽  
Riparian Areas ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Bohemian Knotweed ◽  
Injection Location ◽  
Methods Of Control

AbstractJapanese knotweed, Sakhalin knotweed, and their hybrid, Bohemian knotweed, are invasive across much of the United States. Monocultures formed by these species threaten natural riparian areas, and effective methods of control are being sought. Injection of herbicide is a relatively new control technique with no known published results. Bohemian knotweed was injected with four treatment dosages: 1 ml (0.03 oz) (0.48 g ae) (0.017 oz ae), 3 ml (0.10 oz) (1.44 g ae) (0.05 oz ae), or 5 ml (0.17 oz) (2.4 g ae) (0.08 oz ae) of undiluted glyphosate (suggested application), and 5 ml (0.17 oz) of a glyphosate : water mix (1 : 1, by vol) (1.2 g ae) (0.04 oz ae). Injections were tested at two heights on the plants: low node, 0.2 m (0.66 ft) (L) or chest height node, 1.0 to 1.3 m (3.3 to 4.3 ft) (M). After 1 mo, average percent injury was greater than 90%, and analysis showed no effect of injection location on the stem and no difference between the suggested 5-ml (0.17 oz) glyphosate application and 3-ml (0.10 oz) application. Nine months after treatment there was a reduction in knotweed height and density, though vigorous regrowth was evident within plots. Although the injection method results in the short-term dieback of injected stems, drawbacks to its use in certain scenarios should be considered when developing an integrated management plan for knotweed control.

scholarly journals Nicarbazin bait reduces reproduction by pigeons (Columba livia)

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Avery ◽  
Kandy L. Keacher ◽  
Eric A. Tillman
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Bird Species ◽  
Columba Livia ◽  
The United States ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Canada Goose ◽  
Feral Pigeon ◽  
Pre Treatment

Development of effective methods for reducing populations of overabundant nuisance bird species continues to challenge wildlife biologists. Reproductive inhibition, although conceptually pleasing, has been difficult to implement because of the lack of a safe, approved avian contraceptive. Recently, however, nicarbazin received regulatory approval in the United States for use as a bait to decrease hatchability of resident Canada goose (Branta canadensis) and feral pigeon (Columba livia) eggs. In anticipation of the feral pigeon registration, we evaluated efficacy by exposing captive pairs of nesting pigeons to nicarbazin bait for 4 h daily. Egg production was unaffected, but only 9 of 22 eggs hatched, a 59% reduction from pre-treatment when each of the 11 test pairs produced 2 nestlings. In the recovery phase, when treated bait was removed, the 11 pairs produced 18 nestlings. All nestlings produced during the study appeared healthy and normal, and there was no mortality among the adult pairs. Nicarbazin is an effective and safe means of reducing hatchability of feral pigeon eggs that can be used within an integrated management plan to reduce feral pigeon populations.

Global Lessons for Watershed Management in the United States

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (0) ◽  
pp. 9781780404325-9781780404325
Author(s):  
K. Strzepek
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
The United States

Lake Paranoá, Brasília, Brazil: Integrated Management Plan for its Restoration

1992 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 271-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Paulino Mattos ◽  
Irene Guimarães Altafin ◽  
Hélio José de Freitas ◽  
Cristine Gobbato Brandão Cavalcanti ◽  
Vera Regina Estuqui Alves
Keyword(s):  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Drainage Basin ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Algal Growth ◽  
Nutrient Content ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Cylindrospermopsis Raciborskii ◽  
Phosphorus Concentration ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Total Phosphorus Concentration

Abstract Built in 1959, Lake Paranoá, in Brasilia, Brazil, has been undergoing an accelerated process of nutrient enrichment, due to inputs of inadequately treated raw sewage, generated by a population of 600,000 inhabitants. Consequently, it shows high nutrient content (40 µg/L of total phosphorus and 1800 µg/L of total nitrogen), low transparency (0.65 m) and high levels of chlorophyll a (65 µg/L), represented mainly by Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii and sporadic bloom of Microcystis aeruginosa, which is being combatted with copper sulphate. With the absence of seasonality and a vertical distribution which is not very evident, the horizontal pattern assumes great importance in this reservoir, in which five compartments stand out. Based on this segmentation and on the identification of the total phosphorus parameter as the limiting factor for algal growth, mathematical models were developed which demonstrate the need for advanced treatment of all the sewage produced in its drainage basin. With this, it is expected that a process of restoration will be initiated, with a decline in total phosphorus concentration to readings below 25 µg/L. Additional measures are proposed to accelerate this process.

Trinidad’s Integrated Coastal Watershed Management Plan Succeeds in Water Quality Improvements

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 (15) ◽  
pp. 1170-1183
Author(s):  
Rebecca Crow ◽  
Steve Allen ◽  
Tyler Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Watershed Management ◽  
Management Plan ◽  
Quality Improvements ◽  
Coastal Watershed

scholarly journals Do Left-wing Governments Decrease Wage Inequality among Civil Servants? Empirical Evidence from the German States

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-135
Author(s):  
Björn Kauder ◽  
Manuela Krause ◽  
Niklas Potrafke
Keyword(s):  
Wage Inequality ◽  
The United States ◽  
Civil Servants ◽  
Future Research ◽  
State Governments ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Federal States ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Government Ideology ◽  
German States

We investigate whether left-wing governments decrease wage inequality among civil servants. The data are based on the salaries of civil servants in the German states. Since a reform in 2006, German state governments are allowed to design salaries of civil servants. We employ encompassing data for pay levels and professions including judges, professors, policemen, and administrators and distinguish between levels of operating experiences. We use six wage inequality measures comparing salaries across pay levels and operating experiences. The results do not suggest that left-wing governments were more active in decreasing wage inequality among civil servants than the center or right-wing governments. Cabinet members are civil servants themselves and decide on their own salaries: government ideology is also not shown to predict the salaries of cabinet members. Because left-wing governments are perceived as taking action against income and wage inequality, future research should employ data from other federal states such as the United States to examine how government ideology influences the salaries of civil servants.

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