scholarly journals An Unusual Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-63
Author(s):  
Bidesh Bista ◽  
Ram Hari Ghimire ◽  
Deevya Raj Mishra
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Lung Disease ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Precipitating Factor

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is rare condition with free air in the mediastinum. There are some controversies to consider spontaneous pneumomediastinum in patients with predisposing factors like asthma, interstitial lung disease, illicit drug users and irritant inhalations. It generally occurs due to sudden increase in intrathoracic pressure causing rupture of alveoli and movement of air to the mediastinum. Here we present a case of a 20 years old male patient with few bouts of cough as precipitating factor and development of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and subcutaneous emphysema.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum from Running Sprints

2010 ◽  
Vol 2010 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph W. Turban
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Asthma Exacerbation ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Free Air ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Intense Physical Activity

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a fairly rare condition, caused by increased intrathoracic pressure, leading to free air in the mediastinal structures. Underlying lung conditions are associated with increased incidence of SPM, including asthma, interstitial lung disease, pneumonia, bullous lung, and radiation therapy for lung cancer. It is often preceded by Valsalva maneuvers, vomiting, coughing, asthma exacerbation, sneezing, childbirth, or intense physical activity. A case of SPM is presented in a 15-year-old male, who complained of throat pain and dyspnea while running sprints at football practice. Workup revealed SPM, and he was subsequently admitted and treated conservatively. His symptoms resolved in 2 days and he was discharged and suffered no further recurrences. In contrast to secondary pneumomediastinum, SPM is usually a benign condition although life-threatening conditions can rarely arise. Differentiating between these two conditions has important prognostic indications. There is a paucity of prospectively collected data regarding SPM, and considerable variation in recommendations concerning the extent of workup.

scholarly journals Spontaneous pneumomediastinum associated with COVID-19: Rare complication of 2020 pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 018-020
Author(s):  
Nieves-Ortiz Arnaldo A ◽  
Fonseca-Ferrer Vanessa ◽  
Hernández-Moya Kyomara ◽  
Mendez Ramirez Keren ◽  
Ayala-Rivera Jose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Users ◽  
Rare Complication ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Respiratory Illness ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Acute Respiratory Illness ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
History Of ◽  
Novel Virus

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) is a rare condition, more commonly seen in patients with history of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, infections, or drug users. Today, we face one novel virus that has cause an outbreak of acute respiratory illness, affecting over a million individuals worldwide. New knowledge is been gained of the virus and possible complications are been seen. Following, we present the case of a 71-year-old man with diagnosis of COVID-19 pneumonia complicated with spontaneous pneumomediastinum.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum and Diffuse Subcutaneous Emphysema after Methamphetamine Inhalation

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Michael Agustin ◽  
Gabriel David ◽  
Ji Yeong Kang ◽  
Ornusa Teerasukjinda
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Subcutaneous Emphysema ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Tracheobronchial Tree ◽  
Respiratory Complications ◽  
Methamphetamine Use ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Abused Drugs ◽  
Central Airway

Methamphetamines are commonly abused drugs for their stimulant and euphoric effects. Inhaled and intravenous use may cause damage to the respiratory system. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a condition where changes in intrathoracic pressure leads to alveolar rupture and dissection of air along the tracheobronchial tree. Massive subcutaneous emphysema may result from pneumomediastinum which may compromise the central airway. In this case report, we present an unusual case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and severe subcutaneous emphysema following inhalation of methamphetamine. This case emphasizes the rising concern on the acute respiratory complications of methamphetamine use.

scholarly journals Spontaneous pneumomediastinum: experience in 18 patients during the last 12 years

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrícia Dionísio ◽  
Luís Martins ◽  
Susana Moreira ◽  
Alda Manique ◽  
Rita Macedo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chest Pain ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Sudden Increase ◽  
Precipitating Factors ◽  
Intense Exercise ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Chest X Ray

ABSTRACT Objective: To characterize clinically all of the patients with spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SPM) admitted to an adult pulmonology ward in Lisbon, Portugal. Methods: This was a retrospective descriptive study of all adult patients (≥ 18 years of age) diagnosed with SPM between January of 2004 and September of 2015. Results: At least one predisposing factor was identified in most (88.9%) of the 18 patients who presented with SPM during the study period. With regard to precipitating factors, bouts of cough were present in 50.0% of the patients. Other precipitating factors included a sudden increase in tobacco consumption, inhaled drug use, occupational inhalation of varnish fumes, intense exercise, and vomiting. The most common complaints were dyspnea (in 83.3%) and chest pain (in 77.8%). Other complaints included cough, neck pain, dysphagia, and odynophagia. Subcutaneous emphysema was found in most of the patients. The diagnosis of SPM was based on chest X-ray findings in 61.1% of the patients. Conclusions: Although SPM is a rare condition, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of chest pain and dyspnea. It can develop without a triggering event or conclusive findings on a chest X-ray, which is usually sufficient for diagnosis.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum: A Possible Severe Condition in SARS-CoV-2 Pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (01) ◽  
pp. e55-e58
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Jacqmin ◽  
Manuel Pirotte ◽  
Carlo Caravaggio ◽  
Philippe Devaux
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Rare Condition ◽  
Case Description ◽  
Severe Condition ◽  
Potential Predictor ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Free Air

Abstract Background Spontaneous pneumomediastinum (SP) is the presence of free air into extra-alveolar tissues within the mediastinum, without notion of trauma. This rare condition may occur as a complication of an underlying severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pneumonia. Higher rates of mechanical ventilation are reported in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with pneumomediastinum. Case Description We report two cases of COVID-19 infected patients suffering from mild and severe SP and their outcome. Discussion The objective of this report is to review the literature about this condition. We discuss about the pathological pathways underlying this complication and how it reflects the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia. Conclusion Currently, it remains unclear if SP in SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia is a potential predictor of disease worsening, for it does not seem to be related with a higher rate of mortality.

Summary and conclusions

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas F. Babor ◽  
Jonathan Caulkins ◽  
Benedikt Fischer ◽  
David Foxcroft ◽  
Keith Humphreys ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
International Organizations ◽  
Drug Policy ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Unintended Consequences ◽  
Public Health Approach ◽  
Drug Supply ◽  
The Public ◽  
Balanced Approach

Among the 47 options reviewed in this book, most show some evidence of effectiveness in at least one country, but the evidence is less than definitive for many others, either because the interventions are ineffective, or the research is inadequate. Unfortunately, policies that have shown little or no evidence of effectiveness continue to be the preferred options of many countries and international organizations. The evidence reviewed in this book supports two overarching conclusions. First, an integrated and balanced approach to evidence-informed drug policy is more likely to benefit the public good than uncoordinated efforts to reduce drug supply and demand. Second, by shifting the emphasis toward a public health approach, it may be possible to reduce the extent of illicit drug use, prevent the escalation of new epidemics, and avoid the unintended consequences arising from the marginalization of drug users through severe criminal penalties.

scholarly journals Illicit Drug Use in Canada and Implications for Suicidal Behaviors, and Household Food Insecurity: Findings from a Large, Nationally Representative Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (12) ◽  
pp. 6425
Author(s):  
Nicola Luigi Bragazzi ◽  
Dan Beamish ◽  
Jude Dzevela Kong ◽  
Jianhong Wu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Drug Users ◽  
Illicit Drug ◽  
Illicit Drug Use ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Suicidal Attempts ◽  
Nationally Representative

Background and Aims: Illicit drug use is an ongoing health and social issue in Canada. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of illicit drug use and its implications for suicidal behaviors, and household food insecurity in Canada. Design: Cross-sectional population survey. Setting: Canada, using the 2015–2016 Canadian Community Health Survey, a nationally representative sample selected by stratified multi-stage probability sampling. Participants: A total of 106,850 respondents aged ≥ 12 years who had completed information on illicit drug use. Measurements: Illicit drug use was assessed through a series of questions about illicit drug use methods. Respondents who reported lifetime illicit drug use but no past-year use were considered to have prior illicit drug use. In this survey, illicit drug use included cannabis use. Findings: Overall, the prevalence of lifetime, past-year, and prior illicit drug use was 33.2% (9.8 million), 10.4% (3.1 million), and 22.7% (6.7 million), respectively. In models adjusting for sociodemographic covariates, prior illicit drug use was significantly associated with increased odds of past-year suicidal ideation (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 1.21, 95% CI 1.04–1.40), and plans (1.48, 1.15–1.91), and past-year household food insecurity (1.27, 1.14–1.41), and the odds were much higher among prior injecting drug users than prior non-injecting drug users. No significant correlation was found between prior illicit drug use and past-year suicidal attempts, but there was a strong association between past-year illicit drug use and past-year suicidal attempts. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that even after people have stopped taking illicit drugs, prior illicit drug use, especially for prior injecting drug use, continues to be associated with increased risks of subsequent suicidal ideation, and plans, and household food insecurity.

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