Role of p53 and Ki-67 immunomarkers in oral premalignant lesions and squamous cell carcinoma: a hospital based study in BPKIHS

Background: As most of the oral squamous cell carcinoma develop from precursor premalignant lesions, it would be helpful if the malignant transformation is detected early in premalignant state. The objective of the research was to study the role of immunohistochemical expression of p53 and Ki-67 in oral premalignant lesion and squamous cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: The expression of immunomarkers p53 and Ki67 were studied on formalin fixed paraffin embedded tissue sections from human oral squamous mucosal lesion for duration of 1 year. Results: Of total 36 cases, 80% cases of keratosis without dysplasia showed basal pattern of p53 staining while 47.1% cases of squamous cell carcinoma showed p53 staining in all layers of epithelium. The median p53 Labelling Index of squamous cell carcinoma was more than those of keratosis with and without dysplasia though the result was statistically non-significant. 50.0% cases of keratosis without dysplasia and 83.3% cases of keratosis with dysplasia displayed Ki-67 immunostaining confined to basal and suprabasal layer whereas 94.1% cases of squamous cell carcinoma showed Ki-67 positivity in all layers of epithelium. Median Ki-67 Labelling Index increased from keratosis without dysplasia to keratosis with dysplasia to squamous cell carcinoma, difference being statistically significant. A positive and insignificant correlation was observed between p53 and Ki-67 Labelling Index.Conclusion: Increased expressions of Ki-67 and p53 in oral squamous cell carcinoma compared to premalignant lesion suggest that they may be useful indicator of malignant transformation in dysplastic lesion.

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The Role of the Microbiome in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Insight into the Microbiome–Treatment Axis

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21218061 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (21) ◽

pp. 8061

Author(s):

Amel Sami ◽

Imad Elimairi ◽

Catherine Stanton ◽

R. Paul Ross ◽

C. Anthony Ryan

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Normal Development ◽

Oral Microbiome ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Viruses ◽

Insight Into

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the leading presentations of head and neck cancer (HNC). The first part of this review will describe the highlights of the oral microbiome in health and normal development while demonstrating how both the oral and gut microbiome can map OSCC development, progression, treatment and the potential side effects associated with its management. We then scope the dynamics of the various microorganisms of the oral cavity, including bacteria, mycoplasma, fungi, archaea and viruses, and describe the characteristic roles they may play in OSCC development. We also highlight how the human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV) may impinge on the host microbiome and increase the burden of oral premalignant lesions and OSCC in patients with HIV. Finally, we summarise current insights into the microbiome–treatment axis pertaining to OSCC, and show how the microbiome is affected by radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy and also how these therapies are affected by the state of the microbiome, potentially determining the success or failure of some of these treatments.

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ROLE OF KI-67 AS A DIAGNOSTIC TOOL IN ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA-A REVIEW

International Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Allied Sciences ◽

10.31032/ijbpas/2021/10.1.1010 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1 (SPECIAL ISSUE)) ◽

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Diagnostic Tool ◽

Ki 67

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ASSOCIATION OF HIGH RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMA VIRUS (HPV-16/18) WITH P16 PROTEIN IN ORAL PREMALIGNANT LESIONS AND ORAL SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA

Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry ◽

10.36283/pjmd8-4/002 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asma Shabbir

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

High Risk ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Human Papilloma Virus ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Hpv 16 ◽

Papilloma Virus

Background: Oral cancer is a major problem globally. The strong causal association with tobacco, prevalent in Pakistan makes it imperative to know the role of molecular events in oral oncogenesis. We aim to evaluate high risk HPV 16/18 and p16 in oral premalignant lesions (OPL) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We further analyze the association between high risk human papilloma virus (HR-HPV16/18) and p16 in OPL and OSCC. Methods: A total of 100 OSCC and 50 OPL cases were included. Demographic data along with habitual exposure to smoked and chewable tobacco, betel and gutka etc., was noted. We evaluated p16 in OPL and OSCC by immunohistochemistry, HPV was detected by polymerase chain reaction. Data was entered and analyzed using SPSS 21. Chi square and Fisher exact were applied to determine the association of HPV and p16 with different variables. Results: Out of 50 OPL, 14% were positive and 86% were negative for p16 whereas out of 100 OSCC, 18% were positive and 82% were negative. Out of 50 OPL, HPV was detected in 6% whereas out of 100 OSCC, 15% were positive. Highly significant co expression of HPV with p16 was observed in all 15 (100%) HPV positive OSCC cases (p = 0.001). However, 3 out of 18 cases, which showed p16 expression, did not show HPV infection. Conclusion: Role of p16 as a surrogate marker for HPV in OSCC can be supported in the present study. Moreover a Chemical carcinogen like tobacco is considered as major associative risk factor with p16 and HPV in concert.

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The Role of the Oral Microbiota in the Etiopathogenesis of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9081549 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 1549

Author(s):

Tereza Vyhnalova ◽

Zdenek Danek ◽

Daniela Gachova ◽

Petra Borilova Linhartova

Keyword(s):

Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽

Cell Carcinoma ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Association Studies ◽

Premalignant Lesions ◽

Oral Microbiota ◽

Sampling Procedures

Dysbiosis in the oral environment may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This review aims to summarize the current knowledge about the association of oral microbiota with OSCC and to describe possible etiopathogenetic mechanisms involved in processes of OSCC development and progression. Association studies included in this review were designed as case–control/case studies, analyzing the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome from saliva, oral rinses, oral mucosal swabs, or oral mucosal tissue samples (deep and superficial) and comparing the results in healthy individuals to those with OSCC and/or with premalignant lesions. Changes in relative abundances of specific bacteria (e.g., Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Streptococcus sp.) and fungi (especially Candida sp.) were associated with OSCC. Viruses can also play a role; while the results of studies investigating the role of human papillomavirus in OSCC development are controversial, Epstein–Barr virus was positively correlated with OSCC. The oral microbiota has been linked to tumorigenesis through a variety of mechanisms, including the stimulation of cell proliferation, tumor invasiveness, angiogenesis, inhibition of cell apoptosis, induction of chronic inflammation, or production of oncometabolites. We also advocate for the necessity of performing a complex analysis of the microbiome in further studies and of standardizing the sampling procedures by establishing guidelines to support future meta-analyses.

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