Clinical Profile and Colonoscopic Findings in Patients Presented with Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in UCMS

INTRODUCTION The lower gastrointestinal bleeding (LGIB) is an alarming symptom and common disease with annual admission of 0.15% with mortality rate of 5-10%. LGIB is caused by neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions. For accurate diagnosis of various colorectal lesions, colonoscopy is gold standard, convenient and cost effective procedure. It is the investigation of choice in LGIB and helps in early diagnosis of colorectal carcinoma. This study was aimed to scrutinize the clinical and colonoscopic findings in patients with LGIB in UCMS. MATERIAL AND METHODS This was a hospital based prospective observational study conducted after taking permission from institutional review committee in January 2017 at UCMS-TH from 15th January 2017 to 15th January 2018. All patients presenting with LGIB who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria and gave written consent were included. RESULTS Total 88 patients were included in the study. The mean age of our patients was 48 ±17 years with age range from 17-81 years. Majority were in the age group 50-60 years (25%) (n=22). Colonoscopy detected abnormality in 73.8% cases. The common non-neoplastic were haemorrhoids and non-specific colitis (14.5% each) followed by 12.5% of neoplastic cases. The higher frequency of colorectal lesions was observed in males comprising 72.7% (n=64) patients. The most commonly diagnosed etiologies of LGIB were haemorrhoid and nonspecific colitis respectively. CONCLUSION Colonoscopy detected abnormality in 75% of cases. The common causes of LGIB were haemorrhoids and non-specific colitis followed by neoplastic lesion. A careful history, physical and colonoscopic examination with or without biopsy makes significant impact for early diagnosis and treatment.