Linked Lives: Exploring the Narratives of Second-Generation Migrants in Nepal

This article describes the narratives of second-generation migrants in Nepal. The paper explores the reasons for migration as shared with their offspring by first-generation migrants. The article also shares the narratives by second-generation migrants on experiences of family, school, community, and the State. Second-generation migrants or adult offspring of first-generation migrants from Tibet and India comprised the sampling frame for the qualitative study. Data were collected through a non-probability sampling technique, and in-depth semi-structured interview schedules were used. Nine in-depth interviews were conducted for the study. Thematic analysis was employed to examine the data. Key reasons to migrate to Nepal featured in the narratives of the migrants were opportunities for business, availability of good education, and a suitable climate in Nepal. Furthermore, lack of opportunities for employment and education and instances of violence at their place of origin pushed the migrants towards Nepal. Most of the interviewees shared having solid bonds with their families. They shared mixed experiences (both encouraging and humiliating) at school and varied experiences in their interaction with the broader society (both supportive and conflicting). Furthermore, all interviewees shared challenges in dealing with or receiving help from the Nepali State.

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Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v1i1.445 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Anita Pugliese ◽

Julie Ray ◽

Neli Esipova

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Large Sample ◽

Migration Pathway ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

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Overweight and obesity in young Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese migrants of the second generation in the Netherlands

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980013002322 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 17 (9) ◽

pp. 2037-2044 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Henriëtte Dijkshoorn ◽

Mary Nicolaou ◽

Joanne K Ujcic-Voortman ◽

Gea M Schouten ◽

Arianne J Bouwman-Notenboom ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Level ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Body Height ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Obesity Prevalence ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Generation Migrant ◽

Second Generation Migrants

AbstractObjectiveTo examine differences in overweight and obesity of second-generation Turkish, Moroccan and Surinamese migrants v. first-generation migrants and the ethnic Dutch. We also studied the influence of sociodemographic factors on this association.DesignData were collected in 2008 in a cross-sectional postal and online health survey.SettingFour major Dutch cities.SubjectsIn the survey 42 686 residents aged 16 years and over participated. Data from Dutch (n 3615) and second/first-generation Surinamese (n 230/139), Turkish (n 203/241) and Moroccan (n 172/187) participants aged 16–34 years were analysed using logistic regression with overweight (BMI ≥ 25·0 kg/m2) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2) as dependent variables. BMI was calculated from self-reported body height and weight. Sociodemographic variables included sex, age, marital status, educational level, employment status and financial situation.ResultsAfter controlling for age, overweight (including obesity) was more prevalent in most second-generation migrant subgroups compared with the Dutch population, except for Moroccan men. Obesity rates among second-generation migrant men were similar to those among the Dutch. Second-generation migrant women were more often obese than Dutch women. Ethnic differences were partly explained by the lower educational level of second-generation migrants. Differences in overweight between second- and first-generation migrants were only found among Moroccan and Surinamese men.ConclusionsWe did not find a converging trend for the overweight and obesity prevalence from second-generation migrants towards the Dutch host population. Therefore, preventive interventions should also focus on second-generation migrants to stop the obesity epidemic.

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Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in second-generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-021-05580-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliki-Eleni Farmaki ◽

Victoria Garfield ◽

Sophie V. Eastwood ◽

Ruth E. Farmer ◽

Rohini Mathur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

African Caribbean ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

The Uk ◽

Mixed Ethnicity ◽

Second Generation Migrants

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Excess risks of type 2 diabetes in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared with Europeans remain unexplained. We studied risks and determinants of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity. Methods Data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of ~500,000 participants aged 40–69 at recruitment, were used. Type 2 diabetes was assigned using self-report and HbA1c. Ethnicity was both self-reported and genetically assigned using admixture level scores. European, mixed European/South Asian (MixESA), mixed European/African Caribbean (MixEAC), SA and AC groups were analysed, matched for age and sex to enable comparison. In the frames of this cross-sectional study, we compared type 2 diabetes in second- vs first-generation migrants, and mixed ethnicity vs non-mixed groups. Risks and explanations were analysed using logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively. Results Type 2 diabetes prevalence was markedly elevated in SA (599/3317 = 18%) and AC (534/4180 = 13%) compared with Europeans (140/3324 = 4%). Prevalence was lower in second- vs first-generation SA (124/1115 = 11% vs 155/1115 = 14%) and AC (163/2200 = 7% vs 227/2200 = 10%). Favourable adiposity (i.e. lower waist/hip ratio or BMI) contributed to lower risk in second-generation migrants. Type 2 diabetes in mixed populations (MixESA: 52/831 = 6%, MixEAC: 70/1045 = 7%) was lower than in comparator ethnic groups (SA: 18%, AC: 13%) and higher than in Europeans (4%). Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess type 2 diabetes risk in MixESA and MixEAC compared with Europeans, respectively. Replacing self-reported with genetically assigned ethnicity corroborated the mixed ethnicity analysis. Conclusions/interpretation Type 2 diabetes risks in second-generation SA and AC migrants are a fifth lower than in first-generation migrants. Mixed ethnicity risks were markedly lower than SA and AC groups, though remaining higher than in Europeans. Distribution of environmental risk factors, largely obesity and socioeconomic status, appears to play a key role in accounting for ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk. Graphical abstract

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Neighbourhood Ethnic Density and Incidence of Psychosis – First and Second Generation Migrants Compared

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s249-s249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Schofield ◽

J. Das-Munshi ◽

L. Becares ◽

E. Agerbo

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Population Based ◽

Density Effect ◽

Ethnic Density ◽

Affective Psychosis ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Second Generation Migrants

IntroductionLiving in an area with few people from the same ethnic background has been associated with increased incidence of psychosis (the ethnic density effect).ObjectivesCompare associations between neighbourhood ethnic density and incidence of non-affective psychosis for first and second generation migrants.MethodsPopulation based cohort (2.2 million) of all those born 1st January 1965 or later and living in Denmark on their 15th birthday. We looked at a total of 106,000 migrants, including 62% first generation migrants. Ethnic density was determined at age 15 and we adjusted for age, gender, calendar period, parental psychiatric history and parental income at age 15.ResultsFor the first generation, we found no evidence that rates of non-affective psychosis were related to neighbourhood ethnic density for migrants from Africa (comparing lowest and highest quintiles): IRR 1.02 (95% CI 0.6–1.73), and the Middle East: IRR 0.96 (CI 0.68–1.35) and only weak evidence for migrants from Europe (excluding Scandinavia): IRR 1.35 (CI 0.98–1.84). Conversely, for the second generation rates of non-affective psychosis were increased for migrants from Africa in lower ethnic density neighbourhoods (comparing lowest and highest quintiles): IRR 3.97 (95% CI 1.81–8.69), Europe (excluding Scandinavia): IRR 1.82 (CI 1.28–2.59) and the Middle East: IRR 2.42 (CI 1.18–4.99).ConclusionsThere is strong evidence for an area ethnic density effect on psychosis incidence for second generation migrants, but not for first generation migrants. This could reflect a greater resilience among the latter group to the adverse effects of minority status.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Utilization of preventive care among migrants and non-migrants in Germany: results from the representative cross-sectional study ‘German health interview and examination survey for adults (DEGS1)’

Archives of Public Health ◽

10.1186/s13690-021-00609-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 79 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Anne Starker ◽

Claudia Hövener ◽

Alexander Rommel

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

Preventive Care ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Migration Background ◽

Care Utilization ◽

Health Checks ◽

German Health ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Second Generation Migrants

Abstract Background In Germany, different health checks for adults are offered for primary and secondary prevention. Previous findings indicate that preventive care utilization varies according to social determinants, especially migration background. This study examined the extent to which migration background is associated with preventive care utilization, independent of factors like age and socioeconomic status and whether length of stay in Germany has a positive effect on the use of preventive care. Methods The first wave of the ‘German Health Interview and Examination Survey for Adults’ (DEGS1) is a comprehensive data collection facilitating the description of the utilization of general health checks, dental check-ups, skin cancer screening, and cervical cancer screening among people aged 18–79 years with and without migration background. Migration background was differentiated in first-generation migrants having immigrated to Germany themselves or second-generation migrants born in Germany. First-generation migrants were further differentiated by length of stay in Germany, and second-generation migrants as having one or two parents who were born abroad. Multivariate binary logistic regression models with average marginal effects were calculated to analyse the associations between preventive care utilization and migration background. Results The sample comprised 7987 participants, 1091 of whom had a migration background. Compared with non-migrants, women and men with migration background— particularly first-generation migrants with length of stay <=20 years in Germany — make less use of preventive care. This association was observed statistically independent from sociodemographic factors. For dental check-ups a significantly lower use was also found for first-generation migrants who have lived in Germany for more than 20 years and second-generation of migrants with two parents born abroad. Post-model predictions showed that the utilization rates of first-generation migrants are gradually converging to the average values for non-migrants. Conclusions Our findings suggest inequalities in realized access to preventive care for first-generation migrants particularly for those who have lived in Germany for 20 years or less. Barriers to the utilization of preventive care may be addressed by informing migrant communities about preventive health care services at an early stage after immigration using migrant-sensitive information strategies.

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Sex ratios at birth among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2018-210622 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 1044-1051 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Susitha Wanigaratne ◽

Pamela Uppal ◽

Manvir Bhangoo ◽

Alia Januwalla ◽

Deepa Singal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Equity ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Sex Ratios ◽

Population Based ◽

Son Preference ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity ◽

First Generation Migrants

BackgroundSon-biased sex ratios at birth (M:F), an extreme manifestation of son preference, are predominately found in East and South Asia. Studies have examined sex ratios among first-generation migrants from these regions, but few have examined second-generation descendants. Our objective was to determine whether son-biased sex ratios persist among second-generation mothers with South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada.MethodologyA surname algorithm identified a population-based cohort of mothers with South Asian ethnicity who gave birth in Ontario between 1993 and 2014 (n=59 659). Linking to official immigration data identified births to first-generation mothers (ie, immigrants). Births not to immigrants were designated as being to second-generation mothers (ie, born in Canada) (n=10 273). Sex ratios and 95% CI were stratified by the sex of previous live births and by whether it was preceded by ≥1 abortion for both first-generation and second-generation mothers.ResultsAmong mothers with two previous daughters and at least one prior abortion since the second birth, both second-generation mothers and first-generation mothers had elevated sex ratios at the third birth (2.80 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.76) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.12), respectively). However, among mothers with no prior abortion, second-generation mothers had a normal sex ratio, while first-generation mothers gave birth to 142 boys for every 100 girls (95% CI 125 to 162 boys for every 100 girls).ConclusionSon preference persists among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity. Culturally sensitive and community-driven gender equity interventions are needed.

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“I’m kind of agnostic”

Australian Review of Applied Linguistics ◽

10.1075/aral.19083.per ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-19

Author(s):

Nirukshi Perera

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Sri Lankan ◽

Linguistic Features ◽

Hindu Temple ◽

Migrant Youth ◽

Belief Narratives ◽

Working Out ◽

Generation Migrant ◽

Second Generation Migrants

Abstract Transplanting non-Western religions to Western nations results in first-generation migrant attempts to transmit faith in vastly different contexts. Especially as adolescents, second-generation migrants tackle mediating their personal religious beliefs in a society with diverse religions and ideologies as well as negotiating membership of their ethnoreligious community. This paper draws from an ethnography in a Tamil Hindu temple in Australia. I present Sri Lankan teenage migrants’ discourse from their faith classroom to elucidate processes of belief positioning. In working out their emergent, and provisional, faith identities, the students deploy mainly Tamil and English linguistic features in their belief narratives. Flexible languaging complements their “syncretic acts” – the practice of drawing on diverse ideologies and experiences (outside the boundaries of a particular religion) to form personalized beliefs. Translanguaging thus facilitates the expression of circumspect, nuanced, and non-traditional interpretations of their heritage religion. Understanding such processes of belief positioning can help societies and institutions to work towards migrant youth inclusion.

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Family business successors' motivation and innovation capabilities: the case of Kosovo

Journal of Family Business Management ◽

10.1108/jfbm-11-2021-0136 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Asdren Toska ◽

Veland Ramadani ◽

Léo-Paul Dana ◽

Gadaf Rexhepi ◽

Jusuf Zeqiri

Keyword(s):

Family Business ◽

Qualitative Methodology ◽

Second Generation ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Study Data ◽

Family Businesses ◽

Content Type ◽

The Family ◽

Emerging Country

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the second-generation successors’ motives to join family businesses and their ability to generate innovation within them.Design/methodology/approachA qualitative methodology is used in this study. Data were collected through structured interview with the second-generation representatives, where the data obtained helped us to come to the results and answer the research questions of the study. A total of 15 interviews were conducted.FindingsThe findings of this study show that the second generation is motivated to continue the family business, cases show that successors since childhood have been oriented towards building an entrepreneurial mindset and also after entering the family business have generated innovation.Originality/valueThe study will bring theoretical implications to the family business literature, providing scientific evidence for the second generation of family businesses, from an emerging country such as Kosovo. As Kosovo is an emerging country, the study will contribute to the literature, suggesting other studies by emerging countries in this way to see the similarities and differences.

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Diete di consumo culturale e migranti

IKON ◽

10.3280/ikr2008-056002 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 13-37

Author(s):

Nicoletta Vittadini

Keyword(s):

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Cultural Activities ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Second Generation Migrants

- The essay introduces a research aimed at describe the differences among entertainment and cultural activities attended by first and second generation migrants coming from different countries and living in the Milan county. In particular, the research has highlighted differences in the process of choice and valorization of outdoor cultural activities between first and second generation migrants belonging to the two widest communities in Milan: Egyptian and Peruvian. The research is based on 33 in deep interviews to migrants coming from Egypt and Perů. The sample has been divided in two parts: 18 people belonging to first generation and 15 to second generation. The research has been carried out from November 2008 and April 2009.

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Engendering ‘Race’ in Calls for Diasporic Community in Sweden

Feminist Review ◽

10.1057/fr.2008.26 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 87-105 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Lena Sawyer

Keyword(s):

Popular Culture ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Class Relations ◽

Black African ◽

Racial Formations ◽

African Heritage ◽

Racial Mixture ◽

Diasporic Community ◽

Second Generation Migrants

This article argues that theorists of black/African diasporas should interrogate the specific ways in which ‘race’ is used to engage people in diasporic projects, and that such projects are intimately intertwined with specifically gendered, sexualized, and generational class relations and positionalities in specific national contexts and spaces. Attention to these intersections can help us better understand hierarchies of power between and among diasporic individuals and communities. This article focuses on historically specific Swedish meanings of racialized femininities and the different forms of agency women use to negotiate the gendered processes of racialization they encounter in a variety of settings and sources. It draws on interviews and fieldnotes conducted between 1994 and 2007, together with analysis of popular culture (music and radio programmes) and ethnographic material collected by Swedish ethnologist Viveca Motsieloa, and maps out some of the complexities utilized by different generations of Swedish women of African heritage in a changing Swedish landscape of racial formations. Their negotiations show how tensions and differences between ‘second-generation’ migrants and those of the ‘first generation’ are expressed through gender, sexuality, and differing understandings of ‘race’ (and the place of ‘racial mixture’).

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