Sex ratios at birth among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada: a retrospective population-based cohort study

BackgroundSon-biased sex ratios at birth (M:F), an extreme manifestation of son preference, are predominately found in East and South Asia. Studies have examined sex ratios among first-generation migrants from these regions, but few have examined second-generation descendants. Our objective was to determine whether son-biased sex ratios persist among second-generation mothers with South Asian ethnicity in Ontario, Canada.MethodologyA surname algorithm identified a population-based cohort of mothers with South Asian ethnicity who gave birth in Ontario between 1993 and 2014 (n=59 659). Linking to official immigration data identified births to first-generation mothers (ie, immigrants). Births not to immigrants were designated as being to second-generation mothers (ie, born in Canada) (n=10 273). Sex ratios and 95% CI were stratified by the sex of previous live births and by whether it was preceded by ≥1 abortion for both first-generation and second-generation mothers.ResultsAmong mothers with two previous daughters and at least one prior abortion since the second birth, both second-generation mothers and first-generation mothers had elevated sex ratios at the third birth (2.80 (95% CI 1.36 to 5.76) and 2.46 (95% CI 1.93 to 3.12), respectively). However, among mothers with no prior abortion, second-generation mothers had a normal sex ratio, while first-generation mothers gave birth to 142 boys for every 100 girls (95% CI 125 to 162 boys for every 100 girls).ConclusionSon preference persists among second-generation mothers of South Asian ethnicity. Culturally sensitive and community-driven gender equity interventions are needed.

Download Full-text

Impact of South Asian Ethnicity on Long‐Term Outcomes After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting Surgery: A Large Population‐Based Propensity Matched Study

Journal of the American Heart Association ◽

10.1161/jaha.116.003941 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (7) ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Saswata Deb ◽

Jack V. Tu ◽

Peter C. Austin ◽

Dennis T. Ko ◽

Rodolfo Rocha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Asian ◽

Artery Bypass ◽

Large Population ◽

Population Based ◽

Bypass Grafting ◽

Long Term Outcomes ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity ◽

Matched Study

Download Full-text

Chinese and South Asian ethnicity, immigration status and head and neck cancer outcomes: A population based study

Oral Oncology ◽

10.1016/j.oraloncology.2020.105118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 113 ◽

pp. 105118

Author(s):

Christopher W. Noel ◽

Rinku Sutradhar ◽

Qing Li ◽

David Forner ◽

Julie Hallet ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Head And Neck Cancer ◽

Head And Neck ◽

South Asian ◽

Neck Cancer ◽

Population Based ◽

Cancer Outcomes ◽

Immigration Status ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity

Download Full-text

South Asian ethnicity is associated with a lower prevalence of atrial fibrillation despite greater prevalence of established risk factors: a population-based study in Bradford Metropolitan District

EP Europace ◽

10.1093/europace/euw010 ◽

2016 ◽

pp. euw010 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Richard Geoffrey Gillott ◽

Kathryn Willan ◽

Kirti Kain ◽

Uduvil Mohanaraj Sivananthan ◽

Muzahir Hassan Tayebjee

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

South Asian ◽

Population Based ◽

Lower Prevalence ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity

Download Full-text

Type 2 diabetes risks and determinants in second-generation migrants and mixed ethnicity people of South Asian and African Caribbean descent in the UK

Diabetologia ◽

10.1007/s00125-021-05580-7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Aliki-Eleni Farmaki ◽

Victoria Garfield ◽

Sophie V. Eastwood ◽

Ruth E. Farmer ◽

Rohini Mathur ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

African Caribbean ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

The Uk ◽

Mixed Ethnicity ◽

Second Generation Migrants

Abstract Aims/hypothesis Excess risks of type 2 diabetes in UK South Asians (SA) and African Caribbeans (AC) compared with Europeans remain unexplained. We studied risks and determinants of type 2 diabetes in first- and second-generation (born in the UK) migrants, and in those of mixed ethnicity. Methods Data from the UK Biobank, a population-based cohort of ~500,000 participants aged 40–69 at recruitment, were used. Type 2 diabetes was assigned using self-report and HbA1c. Ethnicity was both self-reported and genetically assigned using admixture level scores. European, mixed European/South Asian (MixESA), mixed European/African Caribbean (MixEAC), SA and AC groups were analysed, matched for age and sex to enable comparison. In the frames of this cross-sectional study, we compared type 2 diabetes in second- vs first-generation migrants, and mixed ethnicity vs non-mixed groups. Risks and explanations were analysed using logistic regression and mediation analysis, respectively. Results Type 2 diabetes prevalence was markedly elevated in SA (599/3317 = 18%) and AC (534/4180 = 13%) compared with Europeans (140/3324 = 4%). Prevalence was lower in second- vs first-generation SA (124/1115 = 11% vs 155/1115 = 14%) and AC (163/2200 = 7% vs 227/2200 = 10%). Favourable adiposity (i.e. lower waist/hip ratio or BMI) contributed to lower risk in second-generation migrants. Type 2 diabetes in mixed populations (MixESA: 52/831 = 6%, MixEAC: 70/1045 = 7%) was lower than in comparator ethnic groups (SA: 18%, AC: 13%) and higher than in Europeans (4%). Greater socioeconomic deprivation accounted for 17% and 42% of the excess type 2 diabetes risk in MixESA and MixEAC compared with Europeans, respectively. Replacing self-reported with genetically assigned ethnicity corroborated the mixed ethnicity analysis. Conclusions/interpretation Type 2 diabetes risks in second-generation SA and AC migrants are a fifth lower than in first-generation migrants. Mixed ethnicity risks were markedly lower than SA and AC groups, though remaining higher than in Europeans. Distribution of environmental risk factors, largely obesity and socioeconomic status, appears to play a key role in accounting for ethnic differences in type 2 diabetes risk. Graphical abstract

Download Full-text

Neighbourhood Ethnic Density and Incidence of Psychosis – First and Second Generation Migrants Compared

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.02.034 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s249-s249 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

P. Schofield ◽

J. Das-Munshi ◽

L. Becares ◽

E. Agerbo

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Population Based ◽

Density Effect ◽

Ethnic Density ◽

Affective Psychosis ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

First And Second Generation ◽

Second Generation Migrants

IntroductionLiving in an area with few people from the same ethnic background has been associated with increased incidence of psychosis (the ethnic density effect).ObjectivesCompare associations between neighbourhood ethnic density and incidence of non-affective psychosis for first and second generation migrants.MethodsPopulation based cohort (2.2 million) of all those born 1st January 1965 or later and living in Denmark on their 15th birthday. We looked at a total of 106,000 migrants, including 62% first generation migrants. Ethnic density was determined at age 15 and we adjusted for age, gender, calendar period, parental psychiatric history and parental income at age 15.ResultsFor the first generation, we found no evidence that rates of non-affective psychosis were related to neighbourhood ethnic density for migrants from Africa (comparing lowest and highest quintiles): IRR 1.02 (95% CI 0.6–1.73), and the Middle East: IRR 0.96 (CI 0.68–1.35) and only weak evidence for migrants from Europe (excluding Scandinavia): IRR 1.35 (CI 0.98–1.84). Conversely, for the second generation rates of non-affective psychosis were increased for migrants from Africa in lower ethnic density neighbourhoods (comparing lowest and highest quintiles): IRR 3.97 (95% CI 1.81–8.69), Europe (excluding Scandinavia): IRR 1.82 (CI 1.28–2.59) and the Middle East: IRR 2.42 (CI 1.18–4.99).ConclusionsThere is strong evidence for an area ethnic density effect on psychosis incidence for second generation migrants, but not for first generation migrants. This could reflect a greater resilience among the latter group to the adverse effects of minority status.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

Download Full-text

Heterogeneity of breast cancer risk within the South Asian female population in England: a population-based case–control study of first-generation migrants

British Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1038/sj.bjc.6601440 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 90 (1) ◽

pp. 160-166 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

V A McCormack ◽

P Mangtani ◽

D Bhakta ◽

A J McMichael ◽

I dos Santos Silva

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Breast Cancer Risk ◽

South Asian ◽

First Generation ◽

Case Control Study ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Female Population ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Control Study

Download Full-text

Do remittances differ depending on migration pathway and length of stay?

REMITTANCES REVIEW ◽

10.33182/rr.v1i1.445 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 105-118

Author(s):

Anita Pugliese ◽

Julie Ray ◽

Neli Esipova

Keyword(s):

Length Of Stay ◽

First Generation ◽

Second Generation ◽

Global Analysis ◽

Large Sample ◽

Migration Pathway ◽

First Generation Migrants ◽

Second Generation Migrants

This paper reports the results from Gallup’s global analysis of the likelihood of first-generation migrants, second-generation migrants and the native-born to send financial help in the form of money or goods to others inside or outside their respective country of residence. The findings in this paper are based on more than 450,000 interviews conducted through Gallup’s World Poll in 157 countries in 2012, 2013 and 2014. The sample includes more than 26,000 first-generation migrants and more than 20,000 second-generation migrants. The large sample enables Gallup to analyze first-generation migrants by the duration of their stay in their adopted country and compare their remittance behaviors with second-generation migrants and the native-born.

Download Full-text

Hospital admission at the time of a postpartum psychiatric emergency department visit: the influence of the social determinants of health

Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences ◽

10.1017/s2045796021000238 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

Author(s):

Lucy C. Barker ◽

Susan E. Bronskill ◽

Hilary K. Brown ◽

Paul Kurdyak ◽

Simone N. Vigod

Keyword(s):

Hospital Admission ◽

Social Determinants Of Health ◽

South Asian ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Determinants Of Health ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Asian Ethnicity ◽

Chinese Ethnicity ◽

South Asian Ethnicity ◽

Ed Visits

Abstract Aims Social determinants of health have the potential to influence mental health and addictions-related emergency department (ED) visits and the likelihood of admission to hospital. We aimed to determine how social determinants of health, individually and in combination, relate to the likelihood of hospital admission at the time of postpartum psychiatric ED visits. Methods Among 10 702 postpartum individuals (female based on health card) presenting to the ED for a psychiatric reason in Ontario, Canada (2008–2017), we evaluated the relation between six social determinants of health (age, neighbourhood quintile [Q, Q1 = lowest, Q5 = highest], rurality, immigrant category, Chinese or South Asian ethnicity and neighbourhood ethnic diversity) and the likelihood of hospital admission from the ED. Poisson regression models generated relative risks (RR, 95% CI) of admission for each social determinant, crude and adjusted for clinical severity (diagnosis and acuity) and other potential confounders. Generalised estimating equations were used to explore additive interaction to understand whether the likelihood of admission depended on intersections of social determinants of health. Results In total, 16.0% (n = 1715) were admitted to hospital from the ED. Being young (age 19 or less v. 40 or more: RR 0.60, 95% CI 0.45–0.82), rural-dwelling (v. urban-dwelling: RR 0.75, 95% CI 0.62–0.91) and low-income (Q1 v. Q5: RR 0.81, 95% CI 0.66–0.98) were each associated with a lower likelihood of admission. Being an immigrant (non-refugee immigrant v. Canadian-born/long-term resident: RR 1.29, 95% CI 1.06–1.56), of Chinese ethnicity (v. non-Chinese/South Asian ethnicity: RR 1.88, 95% CI 1.42–2.49); and living in the most v. least ethnically diverse neighbourhoods (RR 1.24, 95% CI 1.01–1.53) were associated with a higher likelihood of admission. Only Chinese ethnicity remained significant in the fully-adjusted model (aRR 1.49, 95% CI 1.24–1.80). Additive interactions were non-significant. Conclusions For the most part, whether a postpartum ED visit resulted in admission from the ED depended primarily on the clinical severity of presentation, not on individual or intersecting social determinants of health. Being of Chinese ethnicity did increase the likelihood of admission independent of clinical severity and other measured factors; the reasons for this warrant further exploration.

Download Full-text