Drug susceptibility pattern in organisms isolated during acute exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

AbstractIntroductionDisease process in chronic obstructive lung disease is interrupted by acute exacerbations. Bacterial and viral infections accounts for majority of cases. Gram positive and Gram Negative organism are both associated.Materials and MethodsSputum samples were collected from COPD patients in acute exacerbation, on the day of emergency visit. Drug susceptibility pattern was evaluated for the study population to identify the prevalence of susceptible and resistant organisms.ResultsEighty-nine culture positive sputum samples were processed for drug susceptibility. Gram negative bacilli (88.76%) were isolated more than Gram positive cocci (11.24%). Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Klebseilla sp. and E. coli were the most common Gram negative bacilli. Multi-drug resistance status was identified in higher percents in Acinetobacter sp. (81.25%), Pseudomonas sp. (62.5%) and Klebseilla sp. (46.6%). Aminoglycosides and Quinolones showed good sensitivity to GNBs. However, Carbapenems were found to be the most effective agents against these organisms.ConclusionGram negative infection is common in COPD. Multi drug resistant pathogens are increasingly associated with acute exacerbations. Routinely used antibiotics are becoming less effective.

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Drug Susceptibility pattern of Organisms Isolated During Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in a Tertiary Level Hospital of Nepal

Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital ◽

10.3126/mjsbh.v15i1.14945 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (1) ◽

pp. 43-51

Author(s):

Sanjeet Krishna Shrestha ◽

Raina Chaudhary ◽

Sabita Bhatta ◽

Manan Karki ◽

Brajendra Srivastava ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Exacerbation ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Pseudomonas Sp ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Acute Exacerbations ◽

Drug Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Acinetobacter Sp

Introduction: Disease process in chronic obstructive lung disease is interrupted by acute exacerbations. Bacterial and viral infections account for majority of cases. Gram positive and Gram negative organism both are associated with exacerbations. Methods: Sputum samples were collected from COPD patients in acute exacerbation, on the day of emergency visit. Drug susceptibility pattern was evaluated for the study population to identify the prevalence of susceptible and resistant organisms. Results: Eighty-nine culture positive sputum samples were processed for drug susceptibility. Gram negative bacilli (88.76%) were isolated more than Gram positive cocci (11.24%). Pseudomonas sp., Acinetobacter sp., Klebseilla sp. and E. coli were the most common Gram negative bacilli. Multi-drug resistance status was identified in higher percents in Acinetobacter sp. (81.25%), Pseudomonas sp. (62.5%) and Klebseilla sp. (46.6%). Aminoglycosides and Quinolones showed good sensitivity to GNBs. However, Carbapenems were found to be the most effective agents against these organisms. Conclusion: Gram negative infection is common in COPD. Multi drug resistant pathogens are increasingly associated with acute exacerbations. Routinely used antibiotics are becoming less effective.

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Bacterial Isolates and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Sterile Body Fluids from Tertiary Hospital, Northern Ethiopia: A Four-Year Retrospective Study

Journal of Pathogens ◽

10.1155/2019/5456067 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ephrem Tsegay ◽

Aregawi Hailesilassie ◽

Haftamu Hailekiros ◽

Selam Niguse ◽

Muthupandian Saravanan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Body Fluids ◽

Northern Ethiopia ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Gram Positive Bacteria ◽

Drug Susceptibility Pattern

This study was conducted in Ayder comprehensive specialized Hospital, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia, to determine the bacterial profiles and drug susceptibility pattern from body fluids. A total of 218 patients were investigated, of which 146 (67%) were males. The age of the study subjects ranged from 2 days to 80 years with 96(44%) in the age group of 15 years and above. The overall bacterial infection was 44 (20.2 %) of which gram positive bacteria were prevalent, 23 (52.3%) than gram negative bacteria 21 (47.7%). The predominantly isolated bacteria wereS. pneumonia,followed byK.pneumoniae, S. aureus, andE coli.Multidrug resistance was observed in 12 (100%) of the isolated gram positive bacteria and in 6 (75%) of the isolated gram negative bacteria.

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Profile and Drug Susceptibility Pattern of Gram Negative Bacterial Isolates - A Retrospective Institutional Study

Journal of Medical Science And clinical Research ◽

10.18535/jmscr/v6i2.102 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Pushpa Kizhakkekarammel ◽

Keyword(s):

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Drug Susceptibility Pattern

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Bacterial Isolates and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in NICU

Kathmandu University Medical Journal ◽

10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11030 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 66-70 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

S Shrestha ◽

NC Shrestha ◽

S Dongol Singh ◽

RPB Shrestha ◽

S Kayestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Intensive Care Unit ◽

Intensive Care ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽

Neonatal Intensive Care ◽

Bacterial Isolates ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Nosocomial Sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the newborns in the developing world. Objectives To determine the common bacterial isolates causing sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods A one year discriptive prospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit to analyse the results of blood culture and to look into the sensitivity of the commonly used antibiotics. Results The blood culture yield by conventional method was 44.13% with nosocomial sepsis accounting for 10.79%. 84.08% were culture proven early onset sepsis and 15.95% were late onset sepsis. Klebsiella infection was the commonest organism isolated in early, late and nosocomial sepsis but statistically not significant. Gram positive organisms were 39.36% in which Staphylococcus aureus was the leading microorganism followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus areus. Gram negative organisms were 60.64% amongst them Klebsiella was the most often encountered followed by Pseudomonas. The most common organism Klebsiella was 87.5% and 78.3% resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram negative isolates 87.5% and 77.2% were resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram positive isolates 58.5% and 31.5% resistance were noted to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Resistance to cefotaxim to gram negative and gram positive isolates were 87.34% and 59.35% respectively. Conclusion Klebsiella is most common organism which is almost resistance to first line antibiotics. Resistance to both gram negative and gram positive isolates among firstline antibiotics and even with cefotaxim is emerging and is a major concern in neonatal intensive care unit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11030 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 66-70

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AEROBIC BACTERIOLOGICAL PROFILE WITH ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN OF PUS SAMPLES AT A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN JAIPUR

10.36106/ijsr/2304773 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 65-67

Author(s):

Hemendra K Sharma ◽

Niketa Gupta ◽

Mahesh Yadav ◽

Aruna Vyas ◽

Rajni Sharma

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Morbidity And Mortality ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Inappropriate Use ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Background: Pyogenic infections can be caused by various microorganisms and may co-exist as poly microbial infections which require antibiotic therapy. The inappropriate use of antibiotics has led to major problems of MDRO's contributing to morbidity and mortality. Even though the bacteriological prole of pus samples in many studies remain the same, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of these isolates has shown a lot of variation. This study was conducted to assess bacteriological prole of pus samples and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern Materials and Methods:Aretrospective study was carried out from April to June 2021. 540 pus culture aerobic bacterial isolates were included. The samples were cultured on Blood and MacConkey agar. After aerobic incubation at 37oC for 18-24 hrs, organisms were identied by conventional bacteriology methods as per laboratory protocol and antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI 2020 guideline. Results: Out of 540 pus isolates , 452(83.7%)were gram negative bacili and 88(16.3%) were gram positive cocci Pseudomonas spp. 173(31.9%), was most common gram negative isolate while S.. aureus 66(12.19%) was most common Gram positive isolate. Most of gram negative isolates were susceptible to Imipenem and Polymyxin and gram positive isolates to vancomycin and linezolid . Conclusion: To combat resistance irrational use of antibiotics should be avoided. Also regular surveillance helps in implementing better therapeutic strategies to reduce morbidity and mortality

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Group B streptococci vaginal colonization and drug susceptibility pattern among pregnant women attending in selected public antenatal care centers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth ◽

10.1186/s12884-018-1791-4 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Solomon Assefa ◽

Kassu Desta ◽

Tsehaynesh Lema

Keyword(s):

Antenatal Care ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Addis Ababa ◽

Drug Susceptibility ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Group B Streptococci ◽

Vaginal Colonization ◽

Drug Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Group B

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Combination antibiotic therapy versus monotherapy in the treatment of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: an open-label randomized trial

BMC Infectious Diseases ◽

10.1186/s12879-021-06687-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Phuong Nguyen Thi Thu ◽

Minh Ngo Thị Huong ◽

Ngan Tran Thi ◽

Hoi Nguyen Thanh ◽

Khue Pham Minh

Keyword(s):

Clinical Success ◽

Chronic Obstructive ◽

Gram Negative Bacteria ◽

Beta Lactam ◽

Open Label ◽

Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Copd Exacerbations ◽

Beta Lactam Antibiotics ◽

Acute Exacerbations

Abstract Background The role of antibiotics in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) exacerbations and their effectiveness in combination have not been clearly established. To determine whether using a combination of fluoroquinolones and beta-lactams improves the clinical and microbiological efficacy of antibiotics on day 20 of treatment, we conducted an open-label randomized trial based on clinical outcomes, microbiological clearance, spirometry tests, and signs of systemic inflammation in patients hospitalized with acute exacerbations of COPD. Methods We enrolled 139 subjects with COPD exacerbations, defined as acute worsening of respiratory symptoms leading to additional treatment. Patients were divided randomly into two groups: 79 patients using beta-lactam antibiotics alone and 60 using beta-lactam antibiotics plus fluoroquinolones. Clinical and microbiological responses, spirometry tests, symptom scores, and serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels were evaluated. Results Clinical success, lung function, and symptoms were similar in patients with or without fluoroquinolone administration on days 10 and 20. Combination therapy was superior in terms of microbiological outcomes and reduction in serum CRP value. Although equivalent to monotherapy in terms of clinical success, the combination showed superiority in terms of microbiological success and a decrease in CRP. The combination therapy group had a higher microbiological success rate with gram-negative bacteria than the monotherapy group with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (100% vs. 33.3%, respectively) and Acinetobacter baumanii (100% vs. 20%, respectively) (P < 0.05). Conclusions Concomitant use of fluoroquinolone and beta-lactam antibiotics for bacterial infections during COPD exacerbations caused by gram-negative bacteria appear to be effective and should be applied in clinical practice.

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Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases ◽

10.18231/j.ijmmtd.2021.046 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 222-226

Author(s):

Madhulika Mistry ◽

Arpita Bhattacharya ◽

Twinkle Kumar Parmar

Keyword(s):

Neonatal Sepsis ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽

Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽

Diffusion Method ◽

Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Gram Positive ◽

Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽

Neonatal Septicemia ◽

Gram Negative ◽

Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

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