scholarly journals A profile and treatment outcome of seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Pediatric Age Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: Seasonal hyper-acute panuveitis (SHAPU) is a sight-threatening disease and its management is challenging. Objective: To study the profile and evaluate the visual outcome of the patients of clinicallydiagnosed cases of SHAPU after treatment. Subjects and methods: A retrospective interventional hospital-based study was carried out involving 21 subjects with clinically-diagnosed SHAPU. The data were retrieved from the record section of the hospital and analyzed. The variables studied were demographic pattern, clinical condition, duration of presentation and visual acuity before and after the treatment. Statistics: The data were analyzed using Epi Info version 2000. Percentage prevalence, mean values with standard deviation, relative risk, 95% CI and p value were calculated. P value of < 0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: Among the 21 cases, the numbers of male and female were 11 (52.4 %) and 10 (46.7 %) respectively. A comparative analysis of gender in children and adults did not show any significant difference (RR=0.47, 95% CI = 0.22 - 1.01, Fisher exact test: p = 0.14). The mean for all ages was 7 ± 12.68 years, while the mean age in pediatric cases was 4.5 ± 3.91 years. Thirteen (61.9%) cases occurred in children below fifteen years. Fifteen (71.4 %) cases reported during September and October. Presenting visual acuity of all cases was less than 3/60. All of them received medical treatment. By the end of the 4th week, seven (33.3 %) patients regained vision to 6/18. Conclusion: SHAPU is more prevalent in pediatric age group. It is equally prevalent among males and females. The visual acuity can improve with early medical treatment. Keywords: SHAPU; panuveitis; steroid; phthisis bulbi DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v2i1.3702 Nep J Oph 2010;2(1) 35-38

scholarly journals Phacoemulsification versus small incision cataract surgery (SICS): which one is a better surgical option for immature cataract in developing countries?

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
SK Singh ◽  
I Winter ◽  
L Surin
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Significant Difference

Background: Several studies have shown comparable visual outcomes of SICS and phacoemulsification (Gogate et al 2007, Ruit et al 2007). Objective: To compare the safety and efficacy of different types of surgical procedures (phacoemulsification versus SICS) for cataract surgery in immature cataract. Material and methods: A prospective randomized controlled trial was carried out involving 93 and 89 patients with immature senile cataract selected for phacoemulsification and SICS respectively. Statistics: Mean values with standard deviations were calculated. P value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no difference between the groups in terms of gender, age and pre-operative visual acuity (p = 0.09). In phacoemulsification group (n=93) more than two thirds and in SICS group (n=89) more than three quarters of the patients had good visual outcome (6/6-6/18) on first postoperative day (p=0.065). Poor outcome (<6/60) was recorded in 6% (phacoemulsification group) and 1% (small incision cataract surgery group). Mean visual acuity was 0.43 ± 0.27 in phacoemulsification group and 0.47 ± 0.24 in SICS group. Mean surgery time was significantly shorter in SICS group (p=0.0003). Statistics: Data were computed and analyzed using the SPSS software program vs 10. The p value of < 0.05 was considered significant. Conclusion: There was no significant difference in visual outcome on first post operative day in between phacoemulsification and SICS technique. However, performing SICS was significantly faster. Small incision cataract surgery with implantation of rigid PMMA lens is a suitable surgical technique to treat immature cataract in developing countries. Keywords: phacoemulsification; small incision cataract surgery (SICS) DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3682 Nep J Oph 2009;1(2):95-100

TO COMPARE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NEBULISATION WITH ADRENALINE, 3% HYPERTONIC SALINE AND NORMAL SALINE IN BRONCHIOLITIS IN CHILDREN OF 2 TO 24 MONTHS OF AGE BASED ON CLINICAL SEVERITY SCORE AND NEBULISATION FREQUENCY.

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyanka Jain ◽  
Rakesh Jain
Keyword(s):  
Hypertonic Saline ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Clinical Severity ◽  
Research Centre ◽  
P Value ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Background & Method: We conducted a double blinded study at Index Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Indore. The sample size was determined to be minimum of 120 cases as based upon previous years admission due to acute bronchiolitis. Initially, 146 cases were included in the study out of which 23 cases dropped out of the study after giving consent by guardian for participation in the study as they left against medical advice from the hospital. Result: The mean difference of CSS between 0 minutes to 60 minutes of nebulisation between groups in all cases was 0.4 ± 0.6, between 60 minutes and 4 hours was 0.8 ± 0.6, between 4 to 8 hours was 0.7 ± 0.6, between 8-12 hours was 0.6 ± 0.4, between 12-24 hours was 1.6 ± 0.9 and between 24-48 hours was 1.9 ± 0.9.The mean values and resultant p-value of ANOVA of various nebulising agents used for improvement in CSS shows significant association between various nebulising agents used along with improvement in CSS at the end of assessment at 48 hours of treatment. Conclusion: This study was conducted to establish the efficacy of each nebulisation agent (i.e.  adrenaline, 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline) currently used and compare the outcomes as there is not enough evidence amongst Indian population on level of efficacy of each drug in causing improvement in symptoms and signs in various severities of bronchiolitis in early childhood. Comparison of significant improvement in mean difference in CSS at various intervals in all cases compared between groups by post hoc test revealed non-significant difference (p-value 0.700) between 3% hypertonic saline and normal saline. Keywords: nebulisation, adrenaline, bronchiolitis & clinical.

scholarly journals Effect of Ranibizumab Treatment in Cases of Choroidal Neovascular Membranes Secondary to Pathological Myopia versus Age-Related Macular Degeneration

QJM ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M S Abdaltawab ◽  
Z F Ismail ◽  
W M A Ebeid ◽  
S M Fawzy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Macular Degeneration ◽  
Age Related Macular Degeneration ◽  
Intravitreal Injections ◽  
P Value ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Pathological Myopia ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Aim of the Work The aim of this work is to compare the response of treatment with ranibizumab in terms of visual acuity in cases of CNV secondary to pathological myopia versus CNV secondary to age-related macular degeneration. Methods This prospective, comparative study included ten eyes newly diagnosed as having CNV secondary to pathological myopia, and 10 eyes newly diagnosed as having subfoveal active CNV secondary to AMD. All patients had 3 monthly intravitreal Injections of 0.50 mg (in 0.05 ml of solution) ranibizumab with monthly evaluation of best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by Landolt C chart, and also calculated in Logarithm of Minimum Angle of Resolution (Log MAR). Results pretreatment there was no significant difference between the two groups as the mean VA (Log Mar) was 1.31 ± 0.2 in AMD group and 1.17 ± 0.3 in MCNV group of P value = 0.431 and also post three IVI of ranibizumab showed no significant difference between the two groups as the mean VA (Log Mar) was 1.22 ± 0.2 for AMD and 1.22 ± 0.5 for MCNV of P value = 0.635. Conclusion there was no significant difference in BCVA between AMD and MCNV groups after three intravitreal injections of ranibizumab.

scholarly journals Hospital-based community cataract surgery: comparison of visual outcomes between conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction and small incision cataract surgery

1970 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
P Karki ◽  
JK Shrestha ◽  
JB Shrestha
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Cataract Extraction ◽  
P Value ◽  
Small Incision Cataract Surgery ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Visual Outcomes ◽  
Small Incision ◽  
Statistical Program

Introduction: The small-incision cataract surgery is gaining popularity among the ophthalmic surgeons. Objective: To compare the visual outcome of conventional extra-capsular cataract extraction (ECCE) and small-incision cataract surgery (SICS) in a hospital based community cataract program. Materials and methods: A prospective interventional study without randomization was carried out including the patients undergoing cataract surgery by either conventional ECCE or manual SICS. They were followed up for 6 weeks postoperatively. The visual outcomes were compared between the two groups. Statistics: The statistical program Epi-Info version 2000 was used to analyze the data. Mean values with standard deviations, 95% CI and p value were calculated. The p value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Of 85 patients, 44 (M: F=10:34) underwent ECCE and 41 (M: F=15:26) SICS (RR= 0.71, 95% CI=0.42-1.2, p value=0.16). Unaided visual acuity on the 1st postoperative day in the ECCE group was e"6/ 18 in 22.7%,<6/18-6/60 in 63.6 %,< 6/60 in 13.7%, whereas in the SICS group, the same was e"6/18 in 70.7%,<6/18-6/60 in 22 %,< 6/60 in 7.3% (95% CI = 0.23 - 0.48, p=0.001). Best corrected visual acuity on the 6th week follow-up in the ECCE group was e"6/18 in 79.5%,<6/18-6/60 in 18.2 %,< 6/60 in 2.3% and in the SICS group the same was 6/18 in 90.5% and <6/18-6/60 in 4.9% (95% CI=0.44 - 0.73; p=0.0012). Conclusion: Both ECCE and SICS are good procedures for hospital based community cataract surgery but within the 6 weeks postoperative period SICS gives better visual outcome. Remarkably higher number of female patients can be provided service in a hospital based community cataract programme as compared to males. Keywords: cataract; small incision; extra-capsular DOI: 10.3126/nepjoph.v1i2.3686 Nep J Oph 2009;1(2):118-122

scholarly journals Differential GFR estimation of the double moiety kidneys by modified GATE’S formula

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 01-05
Author(s):  
Sivasubramaniyan V
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
P Value ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Nephron Sparing ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Age Range

Aim: This retrospective analysis of the GFR values of the individual moieties obtained by using a novel software with modified GATE’S formula in the in house software created at SSSIHL, compared and evaluated with the value derived by the combined GFR value of the single kidney GFR as obtained from the Icon software loaded in the gamma camera. Materials and Method: This retrospective study of 10patients diagnosed with unilateral double moiety and 5 patients with bilateral duplication was undertaken to validate the modified GATE’S formula in house software created at SSSIHL. This group had 12 males in the age range of 03-66 years with the mean age of 26.5 ± 2 years and 3 females in the age range of 29 – 31 years with mean age of 31 ± 2 years. Renal scans were done using Siemens dual head gamma camera (E.CAM). The radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DTPA 5 mCi was injected as a bolus intravenously for the adult patients and 3 mCi was injected for the children. The images were obtained and processed by using GFR/Renal differential processing protocol in icon software. Later the raw data of the scan study transferred to the workstation loaded with the in house software created at SSSIHL with modified GATE’S formula created by us. The individual moiety GFR values were calculated using the software with modified Gate’s formula developed in MATLAB GUI algorithm and tabulated. Then the combined value of individual moiety GFR values compared with that of the individual whole kidney GFR value obtained by the Icon software protocol. Result: The T test evaluation done in the online statistical calculator of Maths Portal org revealed that the mean values of the two groups showed no significant difference at p < 0.05. The calculated t value is smaller than the critical value (0.0217 < 2.024), so the means are not significantly different. Pearson Correlation performed between the above two samples using statistical online calculators also showed the correlation coefficient of r = 0.9247 and a mean difference of 0.09 indicating that the high correlation between them. The observed significance p value < 0.0001 at t value of 10.27, showed no significant difference detected between the two samples. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the in house software created at SSSIHL with modified GATE’S formula method of GFR calculating software showed identical values with that of the GFR calculated with the original Gate’s formula. This was found to be useful in calculating the GFR of individual moieties separately in the cases of Double moieties in both Unilateral and Bilateral involvement effectively. The utility and usefulness of the separate estimation of individual moieties GFR needed for Nephron Sparing Surgery.

scholarly journals Analysis of visual outcome of Neodymium: Yttrium-Aluminum -Garnet (Nd: YAG) laser capsulotomy in patients with Posterior Capsule Opacification

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 216-223
Author(s):  
Dr. Deepa R. ◽  
◽  
Dr. V. Panimalar A. Veeramani ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum Garnet ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Posterior Capsular Opacification ◽  
P Value ◽  
Yag Laser ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Yttrium Aluminum ◽  
Neodymium Yttrium

Objective: Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is a postoperative complication causing decreasedvisual acuity. This study aims to study the efficacy of Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy in posteriorcapsular opacification following cataract surgery by analyzing the visual outcome. Material andMethods: A prospective study included a sample size of 50 eyes of 37 patients with Posteriorcapsular opacification following uneventful cataract surgery with significantly decreased visual acuity.Detailed anterior and posterior segment examination was done, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA)was recorded along with measurement of IOP. Posterior capsulotomy was performed using Nd: YAGlaser (Neodymium: Yttrium-aluminum–garnet) and patients were followed up. Visual acuity wasassessed and complications if any were recorded. Results: It was noted that 74% of the patients atthe end of 1st week and 78% of the patients at the end of 1st and 3rd month had significant visualimprovement following Nd: YAG laser capsulotomy. There was a statistically significant difference inPost Nd: YAG laser BCVA on follow up with P-value <0.001. Complications encountered were the risein IOP in 6% of the population at the end of 1 hour and 1st day of the procedure, iris bleeding wasnoted in 4% of the population, intraocular lens damage in 2 %, and cystoid macular edema in 2 %of the study population.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Respiratory Muscular Strength Compared to Predicted Values in Patients with Stroke

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 1091 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Maria Ramos ◽  
Daniela Maciel da Silva ◽  
Daniela Vieira Buchaim ◽  
Rogério Leone Buchaim ◽  
Mauro Audi
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
P Value ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Predicted Values

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the inspiratory and expiratory muscle strength of individuals affected by stroke and to compare it with the predicted values in the literature considering their corresponding age. Respiratory muscle strength was evaluated in 22 elderly people who had sequels of stroke, four with right hemiparesis, 16 with left hemiparesis and two with bilateral, of ages ranging from 34 to 82 years. The collected data were submitted to statistical analysis using a Mann–Whitney test to evaluate if there was a significant difference in the average data collected when compared with a mean of the predicted data in the literature. Fourteen men and eight women were evaluated, who obtained mean values of 71.85 cmH2O and 57.75 cmH2O, respectively, for a maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP), and when compared to the predicted values for men and women, 105.41 cmH2O (p-value 0.0019) and 80.57 cmH2O (p-value 0.00464) were significantly lower. For a maximal expiratory pressure (MEP), the mean value obtained for men was 62.28 cmH2O and 49.5 cmH2O for women, whereas the predicted values in the literature were 114.79 cmH2O (p-value < 0.0001) and 78, 46 cmH2O (p-value 0.0059), respectively. In the statistical analysis, it was possible to notice that the studied population did not reach the predicted age indexes and that there was a significant difference between the median columns. In conclusion, there is a weakness in the respiratory muscles of hemiparetic men and women due to stroke.

scholarly journals Two-Year Accelerated Corneal Cross-Linking Outcome in Patients with Progressive Keratoconus

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arleta Waszczykowska ◽  
Piotr Jurowski
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Thickness ◽  
Long Term Results ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean

Purpose. To evaluate the long-term results of accelerated corneal cross-linking (CXL) in patients with progressive keratoconus.Methods. Sixteen patients underwent accelerated CXL at 6 mW/cm2for 15 minutes in one eye. The follow-up visits were scheduled on 7 days, 14 days, and 3, 12, and 24 months after the treatment.Results. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) between preoperative and 2-year postoperative mean values, respectively, in terms of uncorrected visual acuity, best spectacle-corrected visual acuity, maximum keratometryKmax⁡, minimum keratometryKmin⁡, corneal astigmatism, and corneal eccentricity index. We noted a significant flattening of the cornea in 18.7% of patients with a higher preoperativeKmax⁡value (>50 D) and its steepening in patients with a lowerKmax⁡value (<50 D) (6.25%). There was no significant difference in the central corneal thickness and the apical corneal thickness preoperatively and 2 years postoperatively. The mean demarcation line depth was282±11 μm. Persistent corneal haze was noted in 25% of patients.Conclusions. Accelerated CXL appears to be a relatively effective procedure for the treatment of keratoconus in 2-year follow-up.

scholarly journals Endoparasites of European Brown Hare (Lepus Europaeus) from Southern Poland Based on Necropsy

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sławomir Kornaś ◽  
Izabela A. Wierzbowska ◽  
Marek Wajdzik ◽  
Jerzy Kowal ◽  
Marta Basiaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Nematode Infection ◽  
Lepus Europaeus ◽  
Fisher Exact Test ◽  
Brown Hare ◽  
European Brown Hare ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean

Abstract The population of the European brown hare (Lepus europaeus) has been declining for the last decades in many European countries, including Poland. The goal of this study was to determine the level of endoparasite infection among hares. In 2007-2010, 83 animals were examined postmortem. The animals were weighed and analysed according to age and sex. During the dissection only the following nematodes were noticed: Trichostrongylus retortaeformis, Strongyloides papillosus, Trichuris leporis and Passalurus ambiguus in the intestinal tract and Protostrongylus pulmonalis in lungs. Body mass of hares was analysed with a general linear model (GLM) with age, sex, and presence/ absence of nematode infection as factors. The proportion of infected and uninfected hares with protozoan coccidia was compared with Fisher exact test for 2×2 contingency tables, whereas the proportion of nematode infection was compared by χ2 test. There was a significant difference in the proportion of hares infected and not infected by coccidia with the higher proportion of infected juvenile individuals (P=0.010), whereas there was no difference between males and females (P=0.41). The frequencies of hares infected vs. not infected by nematodes did not differ between sex (χ2=1.89, P=0.168) and age (χ2=0.0007, P=0.97). The mean body mass of all hares was 4.15 kg±0.40 kg. GLM model conducted for body mass of hares showed that there was a significant difference only between juvenile and adult hares (F=24.225, P=0.000005) and no significant association between the level of endoparasite infection and sex

scholarly journals Assessment of Biochemical Parameters among Smokers and Tobacco Chewers to Ascertain Cardiovascular risk

2013 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-31
Author(s):  
Dipendra Kumar Jha ◽  
Dipendra Raj Pandeya ◽  
Satrudhan Prasad Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Serum Total Cholesterol ◽  
P Value ◽  
Institute Of Medicine ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Tobacco Chewing

Introduction: Cigarette smoking is one of the major cause and established risk factor of premature death due to respiratory and cardiovascular illness worldwide. Risk of coronary heart disease is increased by two-to four folds in smoking and tobacco chewing. Smoking and tobacco chewing leads to change in the concentration of serum total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, VLDL and HDL. In our present study, the main objective was to assess the blood lipid profile among smokers and tobacco chewers to ascertain cardiovascular risk in Nepal. Methods: It was a hospital based case control study carried out using data retrieved from the register maintained in the Department of Biochemistry of Institute of Medicine Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal between 1st January, 2008 and 31st December, 2009. Of the 150 subjects enrolled in this study, 50 were current smokers, 50 were tobacco chewers and 50 were normal healthy controls. The variables collected were age, gender, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL. The One way ANOVA was used to examine the statistical significant difference between groups. Post Hoc test LSD used for the comparison of means of control versus case groups. A p-value of <0.05 (two-tailed) was used to establish statistical significance. Results: The mean values of serum total cholesterol (257.5±22.6 mg/dl), LDL (186.6±24.0 mg/dl), TG (139.4±39.8 mg/dl) were significantly higher in smokers when compared to controls. In contrast to that HDL (42.9±1.5 mg/dl) was lower when compared to controls (44.8±1.9mg/dl). The mean values for TG (141.5±34.9 mg/dl), total cholesterol (260.3 ±21.2 mg/dl), LDL (188.5±26.0 mg/dl) in tobacco chewers was significantly higher when compared to controls. Conclusions: The lipid profiles are raised in tobacco chewers and smokers which may lead to higher incidence of cardiovascular disease.  Medical Journal of Shree Birendra Hospital; January-June 2013/vol.12/Issue1/29-31DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/mjsbh.v12i1.9089           

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