scholarly journals Assessment of Pesticide Residues in Some Vegetables Grown in Kavrepalanchok and Bhaktapur Districts

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deepa Shree Rawal ◽  
N Rana ◽  
S Shrestha ◽  
J Sijapati
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Kathmandu Valley ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Environmental Matrices ◽  
Essential Requirement ◽  
Food Quality Control ◽  
Food Commodities

Pesticides have wide spread use and their toxic residues have been reported in various environmental matrices. Thus, the determination of pesticide residues in food commodities such as vegetables, cereals, fruits, and other environmental components like soil, water has become increasingly essential requirement for consumers, producers and authorities for food quality control. Therefore, monitoring of residue level and exposure assessment of organophosphate group of pesticides namely dichlorovos and methyl parathion was carried out in 30 winter and summer vegetables supplied in Kathmandu valley. It was found that the MRL value of dichlorovos exceeded in three types of vegetables whereas in case of methyl parathion the MRL value exceeded in two types of vegetables only. The estimated average daily intake (EADI) of dichlorovos exceeded the acceptable daily intake (ADI) in 18 vegetables, whereas, regarding methyl parathion the EADI exceeded the ADI in 10 types of vegetables. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 13, No. 2 (2012) 45-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v13i2.7713

Collaborative Study of Confirmative Procedures by Single Sweep Oscillographic Polarography for the Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Nonfatty Foods

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 811-817
Author(s):  
Raymond J Gajan
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Collaborative Study ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticide ◽  
Oscillographic Polarography ◽  
Quantitative Results ◽  
Multiple Detection

Abstract Ten laboratories collaboratively studied several single sweep oscillopolarographic methods designed to be used as confirmative procedures for several organophosphorus pesticide residues determined by GLC. Polarographic methods for the detection and determination of parathion, methyl parathion, diazinon, and/or malathion at 0.5 and 2.0 ppm in extracts of apples and lettuce were included in this study. All 10 laboratories successfully detected the organophosphorus pesticide residues and quantitative results were reported by seven laboratories. These results show that the polarographic methods can be used for rapidly confirming results obtained by the multiple detection procedures now in use.

scholarly journals Determination of Tetracycline Residues in Broilers Reared in Makurdi Metropolis

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-325
Author(s):  
J.O. Bosha ◽  
C.A. Akwuobu ◽  
P.A. Onyeyili
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Lower Income ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Maximum Residue Limits ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Rational Use Of Antibiotics ◽  
Tetracycline Residues

Tetracycline residues in broiler tissues were assayed using a microbiological assay method. A total of four hundred samples  representing one hundred samples of liver, kidney, lungs and breast muscles each, were collected from five different farms within Makurdi Metropolis. The analysis showed a total of 70 % residue incidence with the liver having 60 %, Kidney 31 %, lungs 14 % and muscles 5 % of the total. The highest concentration, of 6 µg/kg, was seen in the liver from farm 1, which had an incidence of 50 %, with the liver contributing 90 % of the incidence. Farm 2 had an incidence of 75 %, in which the liver contributed with 50 % of the cases. Farm 3 had a 100 % incidence, with the liver contributing with 75 % of the cases. Farm 4 had 75 % incidence, with the liver involved in all cases. Farm 5 had a 50 % incidence, all from the liver and kidney. Despite the higher incidence of 70 %, all the values were significantly (p < 0.01), lower than the recommended Maximum Residue Limits (MRL) or Tolerance of 600, 300 and 200 µg/kg for the liver, kidney and muscle respectively. The values were also in accordance within the Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI) of 0-30 µg/kg, recommended by the Codex Alimentarius. This may be an indication of the rational use of antibiotics in good agricultural management in the selected farms in Makurdi Metropolis. Significantly, it shows that this method can be used mathematically to quantify drug residues in lower income areas. Key words: Tetracyclines, Residues, Broilers, Makurdi, Determination.

scholarly journals Determination of Methomyl Residues in Bohe by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Yao Zheng ◽  
Addotey Tracy Naa Adoley ◽  
Benkhelifa Fateh ◽  
Wei Wu ◽  
Gengdong Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Daily Intake ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽  
Ultrahigh Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Sensitive Method

The aim of this work is to investigate the presence of methomyl pesticide residue and the rate of disappearance in mint cultivated in the aquaponics system based on the application of UPLC-MS to establish a safety time interval before crop harvesting. Results showed that an effective and sensitive method based on UPLC-MS has been used for the determination of methomyl pesticide residues in mint. The initial residue level was much higher in roots (79.52 μg/kg), and it can be decreased to 16.73 (after 15 days) μg/kg and 3.31 (20 days) μg/kg, while the least was detected on the mix leaves and stems (44.54 μg/kg), and it can be decreased to 15.35 (after 20 days). In our case, we suggest that a safety interval in the range of 15–20 days should be allowed after the detection of methomyl in water, and the concentration of methomyl was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (20 μg/kg).

scholarly journals Determination of aflatoxin M1 and deoxynivalenol biomarkers in infants and children urines from Bangladesh

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 (11) ◽  
pp. 3775-3786 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nurshad Ali ◽  
M. Manirujjaman ◽  
Sohel Rana ◽  
Gisela H. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Infants And Children ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Detection Frequency ◽  
Current Maximum ◽  
Food Commodities ◽  
Aflatoxin B ◽  
In Infants And Children

Abstract The mycotoxins aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and deoxynivalenol (DON) are found worldwide in crops and dietary staples. The prevalence and levels of these contaminants can vary greatly, and data in Bangladeshi food commodities are scarce. To characterize human exposure, we have conducted biomonitoring, analyzing AFM1 (a metabolite of AFB1) and DON levels in urines of adult cohorts in Bangladesh. Yet, AFM1 and DON occurrence has not been studied in the very young population of this country. Thus, the same methods, HPLC-FD for AFM1 and LC–MS/MS for DON analysis, were now applied to determine these biomarkers in urines of infants (n = 49) and young children (n = 105) in Rajshahi and Dhaka district. Overall, AFM1 and DON detection frequency was 43.5% and 33.4%, with 34.7% and 11.5% in infant and 47.6% and 39.4% in children urines, respectively. The mean AFM1 levels in all infants (9.1 ± 14.3, max 55.6 pg/mL) and children (8.8 ± 12.9, max 75.3 pg/mL) were not significantly different. The AFM1 mean level was slightly higher in Dhaka (9.4 ± 12.4) compared to Rajshahi (8.5 ± 13.9 pg/mL) district. The average DON level was about 2-fold higher in infant (3.8 ± 2.9, max 6.8 ng/mL) than children urines (1.6 ± 1.8, max 8.6 ng/mL), and higher in Rajshahi (2.1 ± 2.3 ng/mL) than Dhaka (1.4 ± 1.6 ng/mL) district. The biomarker-based estimated average daily DON intake (29.6 ± 108.3 ng/kg bw in infants and 36.4 ± 81.8 ng/kg bw in children) or the maximum exposure (560 ng/kg bw) do not exceed the current maximum provisional tolerable daily intake value of 1 µg/kg bw for DON, although DON exposure in infants and children is higher than that of Bangladeshi adults. The AFM1 urine levels in young children are somewhat lower than those found previously in adult cohorts in Bangladesh, but the frequent detection of this biomarker for AFB1 exposure raises further concerns, also for this vulnerable part of the population. Therefore, continuous surveillance for aflatoxins in Bangladeshi food commodities is clearly required, first to identify major sources of intake and then to reduce exposure.

scholarly journals Persistence and dissipation behavior of pesticide residues in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) under field conditions

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-65
Author(s):  
A Heshmati ◽  
H.A. Komacki ◽  
F Nazemi ◽  
Amin Mousavi Khaneghah
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Hazard Quotient ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Cumulative Exposure ◽  
Petroselinum Crispum ◽  
First Order Kinetics ◽  
Dissipation Pattern

The residue level, dissipation behavior, and dietary intake risk of chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in parsley (Petroselinum crispum) were investigated under field conditions. Extraction and determination of pesticide residues were carried out by a quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe (QuEChERS) method and a gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (GC/MS/MS) system, respec-tively. Dissipation of chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in pars-ley followed the first-order kinetics with a half-life (t1/2) of 3.33, 3.30, 2.94, 3.52, 4.10, and 3.38 days, respectively. Based on the dissipation pattern and the maximum residue limits (MRL), preharvest intervals (PHI) of 25, 13, 18, 24, 1, and 16 days are suggested for chlorpyrifos-methyl, dimethoate, permethrin, iprodione, metalaxyl, and propargite in parsley, respectively. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of pesticides ranged from 7.37E-05 (dimeth-oate) to 8.00E-04 (metalaxyl) mg/kg. The chronic risk assessment showed that the hazard quotient (HQ) was <1 and Hazard Index (HI, indicating the cumulative exposure to pesticide residues) was <100%, demonstrating that an intake of pesticide residues from parsley was safe for humans.

Sweep Co-Distillation Cleanup of Milk for Determination of Organophosphate and Chlorinated Hydrocarbon Pesticides

1967 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 581-585
Author(s):  
Randall R Watts ◽  
Robert W Storherr
Keyword(s):  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Methyl Parathion ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Rapid Extraction ◽  
Separatory Funnel ◽  
Whole Milk ◽  
Extraction Apparatus ◽  
Cleanup Procedure

Abstract A rapid extraction and sweep co-distillation cleanup procedure is described for organopliospbate and chlorinated pesticide residues in milk. Ethyl acetate and methanol are used as the extracting and the coagulating solvents, respectively. The extraction apparatus includes a graduated cylindrical separatory funnel which expedites sample handling. A suitable aliquot of the extract is concentrated in a Kuderna-Danish concentrator, sweep co-distilled for 30 min to remove the fat, and determined by GLC with the thermionic detector. Milk samples were fortified, on a whole milk basis, prior to extraction with three different pesticide standard solutions. The pesticide solutions contained as follows: (2) diazinon, methyl parathion, malathion, parathion, and Trithion; (2) Thimet, ronnel, ethion, Imidan, and Cuthion; and (3) lindane, heptachlor, aldrin, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, and p,p'-DDT. Average recoveries of these pesticides were generally 90+%. Sensitivity of 0.01 ppm was readily obtainable for pesticides such as parathion

Human Health Risk of Dietary Intake of Some Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Camels Slaughtered in the Districts of Al-Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia

2015 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1199-1206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaled A Osman
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
National Level ◽  
Human Health Risk ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Hazard Index ◽  
Exposure Level ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Camel Meat

Abstract Organochlorine residues were detected in 54/200 of muscles and 55/200 of livers of camels slaughtered in different districts of Al-Qassim region, Saudi Arabia, by using GC/MS analysis. The ΣDDT residues (Σ-DDT = p,p'-DDT + p,p'-DDE + p,p'-DDD + p,p'-DDA) in muscles and livers were the most frequent. The levels and distribution of residues varied with location. Al-Qassim region population's average estimated daily intake (EDI) was between 0.0 and 12.74 μg/kg body weight/day, and the hazard index [EDI/acceptable daily intake (ADI)] was higher than unity for ΣDDT and lindane in some samples. The intakes were much higher than the ADIs in some districts of Al-Qassim region, and the exposure level of all tested residues was high enough to produce health risk, suggesting the need for regular monitoring programs for pesticide residues in camel meat at the national level to protect consumers' health.

Levels of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Human Milk Samples and Infant Dietary Intake

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Mohamed EL-Shafeey ◽  
Abla M H Afifi ◽  
Fatma E Abdel-Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ◽  
Breast Fed

Abstract Contamination of human milk with residues of organochlorlne pesticides and polychlorlnated blphenyls was studied In a series of Investigations concerned with the monitoring of these chemicals In Egyptian food. The DDT complex was the most frequently found pesticide, followed by total hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Heptachlor and its epoxide, dleldrln, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane were also found but less frequently. Estimated dietary Intakes (EDIs) of these contaminants by the breast-fed Infants were compared to acceptable dally Intakes (ADIs). EDIs of DDT complex, lindane (gamma-HCH), heptachlor + heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane were below ADIs. Dleldrln EDI exceeded the acceptable daily intake.

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