Levels of Pesticide Residues in Egyptian Human Milk Samples and Infant Dietary Intake

1991 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
Mohamed EL-Shafeey ◽  
Abla M H Afifi ◽  
Fatma E Abdel-Aleem
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Dietary Intake ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers ◽  
Breast Fed

Abstract Contamination of human milk with residues of organochlorlne pesticides and polychlorlnated blphenyls was studied In a series of Investigations concerned with the monitoring of these chemicals In Egyptian food. The DDT complex was the most frequently found pesticide, followed by total hexachlorocyclohexane Isomers. Heptachlor and its epoxide, dleldrln, hexachlorobenzene, and oxychlordane were also found but less frequently. Estimated dietary Intakes (EDIs) of these contaminants by the breast-fed Infants were compared to acceptable dally Intakes (ADIs). EDIs of DDT complex, lindane (gamma-HCH), heptachlor + heptachlor epoxide, and oxychlordane were below ADIs. Dleldrln EDI exceeded the acceptable daily intake.

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Milk in Kayseri

1994 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Basri üstünbas ◽  
M. Adnan Öztürk ◽  
E. Hasanoglu ◽  
M. Dogan
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
World Health ◽  
Similar Data ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Chlorinated Pesticides ◽  
Lactating Women ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Health Organization

In this study: dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites [DDT + dichlorodiphenyl-dichloroethylene (DDE)], BHC (HCH) and their main isomers such as alpha, beta, gamma BHC, aldrin and its metabolite dieldrin, heptachloride, heptachloride epoxide, were investigated in 51 samples of breast milk of 51 lactating women during 1988. The ages of the mothers, who were working in agriculture, ranged from 17 to 33 y (mean 24.2 y). The concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB), alpha BHC, beta BHC, gamma BHC, heptachloride, aldrin, heptachloride epoxide, pp'DDE, dieldrin, op'DDT, pp'DDT were found as 84± 23, 96± 20, 522± 120, 156± 20, 198± 130, 47± 9, 11 ± 4, 2389± 280, 6.7± 3, 70± 12, 410± 60 ?g kg-1 milk, fat, respectively, measured by gas chromatography (GC) method. The concentrations of chlorinated pesticides in human milk samples from Kayseri were compared with similar data obtained from other countries. The amounts of total BHC and aldrin derivatives were below the acceptable daily intake (ADI), whereas the amount of total DDT derivates was above, of the World Health Organization (WHO).

scholarly journals Human Milk Composition and Dietary Intakes of Breastfeeding Women of Different Ethnicity from the Manawatu-Wanganui Region of New Zealand

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Butts ◽  
Duncan Hedderley ◽  
Thanuja Herath ◽  
Gunaranjan Paturi ◽  
Sarah Glyn-Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Pacific Island ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Food Diary ◽  
Milk Samples

Human milk is nutrient rich, complex in its composition, and is key to a baby’s health through its role in nutrition, gastrointestinal tract and immune development. Seventy-eight mothers (19–42 years of age) of Asian, Māori, Pacific Island, or of European ethnicity living in Manawatu-Wanganui, New Zealand (NZ) completed the study. The women provided three breast milk samples over a one-week period (6–8 weeks postpartum), completed a three-day food diary and provided information regarding their pregnancy and lactation experiences. The breast milk samples were analyzed for protein, fat, fatty acid profile, ash, selected minerals (calcium, magnesium, selenium, zinc), and carbohydrates. Breast milk nutrient profiles showed no significant differences between the mothers of different ethnicities in their macronutrient (protein, fat, carbohydrate, and moisture) content. The breast milk of Asian mothers contained significantly higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), omega-3 (n-3) and omega-6 (n-6) fatty acids, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and linoleic acids. Arachidonic acid was significantly lower in the breast milk of Māori and Pacific Island women. Dietary intakes of protein, total energy, saturated and polyunsaturated fat, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, iodine, vitamin A equivalents, and folate differed between the ethnic groups, as well as the number of serves of dairy foods, chicken, and legumes. No strong correlations between dietary nutrients and breast milk components were found.

scholarly journals Dietary Intake and Residues of Organochlorine Pesticides in Foods from Hsinchu, Taiwan

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruey-An Doong ◽  
Chen-Yu Lee ◽  
Yuh-Chang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Heptachlor Epoxide ◽  
Consumer Health ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Traditional Markets ◽  
Hch Isomers ◽  
Wet Weight ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract The levels of contamination with various organochlorine pesticides (such as total HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, endosulfan, and total DDT) of different foods from 3 traditional markets were determined to estimate Taiwanese daily intake of organochlorine pesticides. Of the 18 organochlorine pesticides investigated, α-HCH, β-HCH, lindane, δ-HCH, heptachlor, heptachlor epoxide, dieldrin, endrin, α-endosulfan, p,p′-DDE, and p,p′-DDT were detected at concentrations ranging from 0.26 to 10.2 ng/g wet weight. Contamination with organochlorine pesticides followed the order heptachlor > dieldrin > α-endosulfan > HCH isomers > heptachlor epoxide > DDT. Frequencies of detection of organochlorine pesticide residues ranged from 2.0 to 52.3%. α-Endosulfan was the most frequently detected organochlorine pesticide in the foods analyzed, followed by heptachlor epoxide (47.6%) and α-HCH (38.9%). Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of organochlorine pesticides from foods were 1.137 μg for total HCH, 2.147 μg for heptachlor, 0.702 μg for heptachlor epoxide, 0.624 μg for endosulfan, 0.098 μg for cyclodiene, and 0.541 μg for total DDT. These EDIs were only 0.075% of the acceptable daily intake (ADI) for lindane, 47.5% of ADI for heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, 0.045% of ADI for total DDT, and 1.01% of ADI for aldrin and dieldrin. Therefore, consumption of the foods analyzed does not pose a risk to consumer health.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Pesticide Residues in Human Milk, Soil, Water, and Food Samples Collectedfrom Kafr El-Zayat Governorate

1996 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salwa M Dogheim ◽  
El-Zarka Mohamed ◽  
Sohair A Gad Alla ◽  
Samia El-Saied ◽  
Emel Y Salama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Organophosphorus Pesticides ◽  
World Health ◽  
Animal Origin ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Daily Intakes

Abstract Pesticide residues in human milk and environmental samples from Kafr El-Zayat Governorate in Egypt were analyzed. This governorate is located near one of the biggest pesticide factories in Egypt. Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticides were monitored, including those that have been prohibited from use in Egypt. Human milk samples (31 samples) from Kafr El-Zayat were compared with 11 samples collected from Cairo. Data were compared with results from studies performed in 1987 and 1990. The present study showed that aldrin and dieldrin, heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide, and endrin residues have been eliminated from human milk. Estimated daily intakes (EDIs) of DDT complex and γ-HCH by breast fed infants in Kafr El-Zayat were 85.96 and 3.1% of the respective acceptable daily intakes (ADIs). β- HCH residues showed an increasing pattern, especially in human milk samples from Cairo. DDT complex and HCH isomers in orange, spinach, lettuce, potatoes, and clover samples ranged from undetectable to very low concentrations. Higher levels of DDT and HCH were detected, but aldrin, dieldrin, endrin, and the heptachlors were not detected in food of animal origin. Residues in fish samples were below maximum residue limits established by some developed countries. Those in animal milk samples approached the extraneous residue limits of the Codex Committee on Pesticide Residues. HCH residues in soil were negligible, but DDT resi dues in soil were some what higher. Among watersamples, groundwater samples had the highest residues of HCHs and DDTs, followed by Nile River water and then tap water. However, the organo chlorine pesticide residues were found at concen trations below the maximum allowable limits set by the World Health Organization for drinking water. Among 12 organophosphorus pesticides moni toredas parent compounds, dimethoate,malathion, methamidophos, and chlorpyrifos residues were detected in low concentrations in soil samples from a pesticide factory. No organophosphorus pesticide residues were found in plant samples, except for very low residues of dimethoatein anorange sample. Water samples were devoid of organophosphorus residues as parent compounds.

scholarly journals Dietary Exposure of Thais to Pesticides During 1989–1996

2002 ◽  
Vol 85 (1) ◽  
pp. 134-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amara Vongbuddhapitak ◽  
Kanokporn Atisook ◽  
Gobthong Thoophom ◽  
Boonpai Sungwaranond ◽  
Yuwadee Lertreungdej ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Consumption ◽  
Analytical Methods ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Dietary Exposure ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Food Consumption Survey ◽  
Consumption Survey

Abstract To monitor the exposure of the Thai to pesticide residues in foods, the intake of pesticides based on the total diet approach has been studied in Thailand continually since 1989. Food items were chosen and their proportions of daily consumption were calculated from the national food consumption survey conducted by the Department of Health in 1986. Seventy-seven items of food including drinking water were classified into 12 groups according to their sources of contamination and the analytical methods used. Shopping lists and standard procedures for collecting samples and cooking were developed. Twelve food composites from each of the 4 regions were analyzed for nearly 100 pesticides. All analyses used multiresidue analytical methods, and the total daily dietary intakes of pesticide residues were estimated from the average amount of food consumed by Thais. Among 24 pesticides found in the 8 year study, DDT, dimethoate, methamidophos, and parathion methyl were found every year. However, dietary intakes of all pesticides were far below the established acceptable daily intake. In 1999, the study methodology was redesigned to accommodate the new national food consumption survey data.

scholarly journals Risk Assessment Paradigm for Glutamate

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (Suppl. 5) ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley Roberts ◽  
Barry Lynch ◽  
Ivonne M.C.M. Rietjens
Keyword(s):  
Safety Assessment ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
Acceptable Daily Intake ◽  
Uncertainty Factor ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Toxicokinetic Data

Background: Re-evaluation of the use of glutamic acid and glutamate salts (referred to as glutamate hereafter) by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) proposed a group acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 30 mg/kg body weight (bw)/day. Summary: This ADI is below the normal dietary intake, while even intake of free glutamate by breast-fed babies can be above this ADI. In addition, the pre-natal developmental toxicity study selected by EFSA, has never been used by regulatory authorities worldwide for the safety assessment of glutamate despite it being available for nearly 40 years. Also, the EFSA ignored that toxicokinetic data provide support for eliminating the use of an uncertainty factor for interspecies differences in kinetics. Key Messages: A 3-generation reproductive toxicity study in mice that includes extensive brain histopathology, provides a better point of departure showing no effects up to the highest dose tested of 6,000 mg/kg bw/day. Furthermore, kinetic data support use of a compound-specific uncertainty factor of 25 instead of 100. Thus, an ADI of at least 240 mg/kg bw/day would be indicated. In fact, there is no compelling evidence to indicate that the previous ADI of “not specified” warrants any change.

Cerium in human milk samples and its transfer from blood to milk: Is there an elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies?

2011 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernhard Michalke ◽  
Montserrat González-Estecha ◽  
Elena M. Trasobares ◽  
Miguel Angel Herraiz ◽  
Augusto Giussani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Fission Products ◽  
Nutritional Risk ◽  
Endomyocardial Fibrosis ◽  
Limit Of Quantification ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Paired Serum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Breast Fed

The general population is increasingly exposed to cerium (Ce), which is contained in industrial products or is present as nuclear Ce fission products. Some studies suggested a link between elevated Ce levels and endomyocardial fibrosis. Since breast milk is the optimal, and directly after birth, usually the sole nutrition for newborns, exposure of females to Ce and its transfer to infants by breast-feeding is of concern in neonate protection. Consequently, the transfer rate of Ce from blood to breast milk is of interest for elucidating the Ce exposure of infants. Biomonitoring of paired serum and breast milk samples provides such information about Ce transfer to human milk. Therefore, this study is aimed at clarification of the relationship between Ce in human milk and serum from respective mothers for elucidating Ce enrichment in human milk with possible nutritional risk for newborns. As a prerequisite a strictly quality-controlled Ce determination method applicable to very low Ce concentration was developed, and its figures of merit were determined and found to be sufficient for our purpose. It turned out that Ce concentration in milk from Munich (Germany) and Madrid (Spain) showed a median of 13 ng/L. Ce concentrations in serum were at limit of quantification (LOQ) 10 ng/L (Munich) or 21.6–70.3 ng/L (Madrid), suggesting a higher Ce intake in Madrid. No enrichment from blood to milk was seen, and no elevated nutritional risk for breast-fed babies from Ce was found. Ce in serum, but not in milk, could indicate environmental Ce.

Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Human Milk in Great Britain, 1979-80

1982 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.B. Collins ◽  
D.C. Holmes ◽  
R.A. Hoodless
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticides ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide ◽  
Pesticide Residues ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Organochlorine Pesticide Residues ◽  
Comparison Of The Results

1 The concentrations of some organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyl compounds have been determined in 102 samples of human milk collected between January 1979 and September 1980. 2 Comparison of the results with those from a limited study undertaken in 1963-4 shows a decline in residues' levels. 3 The concentrations of organochlorine pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in human milk samples from residents in Great Britain compare favourably with data obtained in other countries.

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