scholarly journals Microbiome in Health: Establishment, Metabolism, Immunity and Neuronal Pathway

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 379-383
Author(s):  
Matthew Obaineh Ojezele ◽  
Simon Irikefe Ovuakporaye ◽  
Emmanuel Adesola Adedapo
Keyword(s):  
Human Body ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Lymphoid Tissue ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Intestinal Immunity ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Host Genotype

The studies on microbiome encountered a blast, lately, as scientists become mindful of the role of microbiota in the advancement of specifi c kinds of maladies. The human microbiome is described as a community of microorganisms of different taxa colonizing the human body; this includes the metagenomics and metabolomics of these organisms. Humans have customized microbiome in terms of distribution and composition which are partly determined by host genotype as well as the initial colonization which takes place after delivery. The human gut microbiome has a vital infl uence on immunity and how it responds to body signals, which is very important for the lymphoid tissue growth, maintenance, and regulation of intestinal immunity. This review aimed at providing an overview of the role of the human microbiome in health spanning the development of the microbiome in utero to postnatal period. 

A Comprehensive Review on the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Human Neurological Disorders

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shokufeh Ghasemian Sorboni ◽  
Hanieh Shakeri Moghaddam ◽  
Reza Jafarzadeh-Esfehani ◽  
Saman Soleimanpour
Keyword(s):  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Initial Acquisition

The human body is full of an extensive number of commensal microbes, consisting of bacteria, viruses, and fungi, collectively termed the human microbiome. The initial acquisition of microbiota occurs from both the external and maternal environments, and the vast majority of them colonize the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Role of dietary fiber in the recovery of the human gut microbiome and its metabolome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ceylan Tanes ◽  
Kyle Bittinger ◽  
Yuan Gao ◽  
Elliot S. Friedman ◽  
Lisa Nessel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome

scholarly journals Revealing Protein-Level Functional Redundancy in the Human Gut Microbiome using Ultra-deep Metaproteomics

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leyuan Li ◽  
Zhibin Ning ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
James Butcher ◽  
Caitlin Simopoulos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Functional Organization ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Functional Redundancy ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Metagenomics Data ◽  
Network Approaches

Functional redundancy is a key property of ecosystems and represents the fact that phylogenetically unrelated taxa can play similar functional roles within an ecosystem. The redundancy of potential functions of human microbiome has been recently quantified using metagenomics data. Yet, the redundancy of functions which are actually expressed within the human microbiome remains largely unexplored. Here, we quantify the protein-level functional redundancy in the human gut microbiome using metaproteomics and network approaches. In particular, our ultra-deep metaproteomics approach revealed high protein-level functional redundancy and high nestedness in proteomic content networks - bipartite graphs that connect taxa with their expressed functions. We further examined multiple metaproteomics datasets and showed that various environmental factors, including individuality, biogeography, xenobiotics, and disease, significantly altered the protein-level functional redundancy. Finally, by projecting the bipartite proteomic content networks into unipartite weighted genus networks, functional hub genera across individual microbiomes were discovered, suggesting that there may be a universal principle of functional organization in microbiome assembly.

Global and temporal state of the human gut microbiome in health and disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoaie ◽  
Sunjae Lee ◽  
Mathieu Almeida ◽  
Gholamreza Bidkhori ◽  
Nicolas Pons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Integrative Analysis ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Clinical Phenotyping ◽  
Sampling Times

Abstract The role of gut microbiota in humans is of great interest, and metagenomics provided the possibilities for extensively analysing bacterial diversity in health and disease. Here we explored the human gut microbiome samples across 19 countries, performing compositional, functional and integrative analysis. To complement these data and analyse the stability of the microbiome, we followed 86 healthy Swedish individuals over one year, with four sampling times and extensive clinical phenotyping. The integrative analysis of temporal microbiome changes shows the existence of two types of species with a tendency to vary in abundance with time, here called outflow and inflow species. Importantly, the former tends to be enriched in disease, while the latter is enriched in health. We suggest that the decrease of disease-associated outflow and the increase of health-associated inflow species with time may be a fundamental albeit previously unrecognized aspect of the homeostasis maintenance in a healthy microbiome.

Role of Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Disease

2021 ◽  
pp. 101-112
Author(s):  
Nazar Reehana ◽  
Mohamed Yousuff Mohamed Imran ◽  
Nooruddin Thajuddin ◽  
D. Dhanasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease

scholarly journals The gut microbiome: the role of a virtual organ in the endocrinology of the host

2013 ◽  
Vol 218 (3) ◽  
pp. R37-R47 ◽  
Author(s):  
James M Evans ◽  
Laura S Morris ◽  
Julian R Marchesi
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Endocrine System ◽  
Vast Array

The human microbiome contains a vast array of microbes and genes that show greater complexity than the host's own karyome; the functions of many of these microbes are beneficial and show co-evolution with the host, while others are detrimental. The microbiota that colonises the gut is now being considered as a virtual organ or emergent system, with properties that need to be integrated into host biology and physiology. Unlike other organs, the functions that the gut microbiota plays in the host are as yet not fully understood and can be quite easily disrupted by antibiotics, diet or surgery. In this review, we look at some of the best-characterised functions that only the gut microbiota plays and how it interacts with the host's endocrine system and we try to make it clear that the 21st-century biology cannot afford to ignore this facet of biology, if it wants to fully understand what makes us human.

scholarly journals Interplay between severities of COVID-19 and the gut microbiome: implications of bacterial co-infections?

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jyoti Chhibber-Goel ◽  
Sreehari Gopinathan ◽  
Amit Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Recovery Period ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Immune Reactions ◽  
Effective Immune Response ◽  
Disease Prognosis ◽  
Nasal Swabs

AbstractCOVID-19 is an acute respiratory distress syndrome and is often accompanied by gastrointestinal symptoms. The SARS-CoV-2 has been traced not only in nasopharyngeal and mid-nasal swabs but also in stool and rectal swabs of COVID-19 patients. The gut microbiota is important for an effective immune response as it ensures that unfavorable immune reactions in lungs and other vital organs are regulated. The human gut-lung microbiota interplay provides a framework for therapies in the treatment and management of several pulmonary diseases and infections. Here, we have collated data from COVID-19 studies, which suggest that bacterial co-infections as well as the gut-lung cross talk may be important players in COVID-19 disease prognosis. Our analyses suggests a role of gut microbiome in pathogen infections as well as in an array of excessive immune reactions during and post COVID-19 infection recovery period.

scholarly journals Rethinking antimicrobial stewardship paradigms in the context of the gut microbiome

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farah Shahi ◽  
Kelly Redeker ◽  
James Chong
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Health Impacts ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Routes Of Administration ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Diverse Community ◽  
Review Current

Abstract Ongoing concerns over the presence and persistence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), particularly in Gram-negative bacteria, continue to have significant global health impacts. The gastrointestinal tract, or ‘gut’, environment amplifies AMR in the human gut microbiome, even in the absence of antibiotics. It constitutes a complex and diverse community of organisms, and patterns and alterations within it are increasingly being found to be associated with states of health and disease. Our understanding of the effects of routes of administration of antimicrobials on the gut microbiome is still lacking despite recent advances in metagenomics. In this article we review current evidence for antibiotic effects on gut microbiota and explore possible prescribing and stewardship approaches that would seek to minimize these effects. If we are to preserve existing and new antimicrobials, we need to consider their use in the context of their effect on gut ecology, and the human microbiome in general.

Human Microbiome: Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome and Implications for Oncology Nursing Care

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-387
Author(s):  
Jinbing Bai ◽  
Wenhui Zhang ◽  
Zahra Amirkhanzadeh Barandouzir
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Care ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Oncology Nursing

What is the role of cyclic di-GMP signaling within the human gut microbiome?

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel M. Rudlaff ◽  
Christopher M. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diguanylate Cyclase ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Metagenomic Dna ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Commensal Species ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Specific Species

AbstractThere is currently little understanding of the role of the bacterial second messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) in the human gut microbiome. C-di-GMP is synthesized by highly conserved diguanylate cyclase (DGC) enzymes and degraded by highly conserved phosphodiesterase (PDE) enzymes. To begin to assess the prevalence of c-di-GMP signaling in the gut microbiome, we found on average 1.0 DGC and 0.8 PDE enzymes per million base pairs of metagenomic DNA derived from stool samples. Specific species encoding substantial numbers of GGDEF and EAL domains were the commensal species

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