scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Soft Tissues Infection among Patients Visiting Birendra Military Hospital, Chhauni, Kathmandu

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 119-126
Author(s):  
Kushaalta Giri ◽  
Sharada Gurung ◽  
Simrika Subedi ◽  
Alina Singh ◽  
Nabaraj Adhikari
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Objectives: To determine the rate of soft tissues infection and perform antibiotic pattern susceptibility test of bacterial pathogens isolated from soft tissue infected patients visiting Shree Birendra Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal. Methods:  A total of 380 wound specimens (open and closed) including pus and wound swabs were processed in the laboratory of Birendra Military Hospital, Chhauni from August to November 2018. The specimens were cultured on Blood Agar blood agar and Mac-Conkey agar and incubated at 37°C for 24 hrs. Antibiotic Susceptibility Test was performed by using modified Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Thus, multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria and methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) were differentiated. Results: Out of 380 bacterial isolates, 86(43.21%) were gram positive and 113(56.78%) were gram negative bacteria. Among all the gram-positive isolates 43(53.09%) were found to be MRSA. Similarly, 62(54.86%) were found to be MDR among the gram-negative bacteria. Gentamicin and Amikacin were found to be the most effective drug though the resistance pattern is not homogenous against all isolates. Conclusion: Antibiotic susceptibility pattern of all bacterial isolates showed that, Gentamycin, Amikacin, Levofloxacin, Piperacillin/ Tazobactam, Doxycycline was the effective drug for Gram-negative bacteria and Amikacin, Teicoplanin, Linezolid, Doxycycline, Gentamycin and Azithromycin was the most effective drug for Gram-positive organisms. Thus it can be concluded that these antibiotics may be used for the empirical treatment of soft tissues infection.

scholarly journals Isolation, Identification and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection Bacterial Isolates

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 2820-2830
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Gram Positive Bacteria

Recently, the world's problem has become in the spread of microbes and the extent of their impact on public health, especially the problem of urinary tract infections (UTIs). Therefore, the purpose of the study was to clarify the extent of infection of the urinary tract and the extent of development of these microbes in resistance to antibiotics (antibiotic susceptibility pattern). The pathogens are isolated from hospitals and private medical centers. In this study, two hundred twenty-five urine samples were collected from various sources, where 126 patients were infected with bacteria while 99 patients had no infection. In Gram-negative bacteria, the most common bacteria were E. coli (55.5%) followed by Klebsiella spp (23.0%), Proteus spp (7.14%), Pseudomonas spp (6.34%), and Acinetobacter spp (3.96%). In the Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus spp (2.38%) and Enterococcus spp (1.58%) were found. Antibiotic susceptibilities for Gram-negative and positive bacteria were investigated according to clinical laboratory standard institute(CLSI 2019). In Gram-negative bacteria, Amikcin, Impinem, and levofloxacin were sensitive. However, in Gram-positive bacteria, levofloxacin, ofloxacin, and linezolid were sensitive. At the same time, most of the remaining antibiotics are 100% resistant to pathogenic-bacterial isolates. This study showed bacteria that are isolated from urine which causing urinary tract infection and showed resistance to almost all antibiotics, so UTI is difficult to treat by common antibiotics.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Profile, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Predictors of bacteremia among Children with Bloodstream Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samina Nazir Chaki ◽  
Levina Msuya ◽  
Deborah Mchaile ◽  
Michael Johnson Mahande ◽  
Ronald Mwitalemi Mbwasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Abstract Background: Bloodstream infections are major causes of morbidity and mortality among children in Sub-Saharan countries. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteremia, etiological agents’ antibiotic susceptibility pattern and predictors of bacteremia among children with bloodstream Infection.Methodology: This hospital-based cross-section study involved children aged two months to thirteen years. All children meeting the inclusion criteria during the study period were enrolled. All consenting parents were interviewed via a questionnaire to collect data, followed by a thorough physical assessment and venipuncture was done to collect blood samples. Data were analysed using SPSS version 23.Results: Among 242 study participants, 154(63.6%) were male and blood cultures were positive in 37(15.3%). Gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria constituted 32(80%) and 8(20%), respectively. The frequent pathogen found was Staphylococcus aureus 25(62.5%), followed by Enterococcus spp. 4(10%), Escherichia coli 4(10%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa 3(7.5%), Streptococcus pyogenes 3(7.5%) and 1(2.5%) Klebsiella pneumonia. The majority of bacterial isolates showed high resistance to commonly used antibiotics in the study area. Predictors of bacteremia were severe malnutrition, hydrocephalus, hyperglycemia, lethargy and BSI with no foci of infection. Conclusion: Prevalence of bacteremia was 15.3%. Gram-positive bacteria were more prevalent than gram-negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were the prevalent isolates causing BSI. Effective antibiotics for both gram-negative & gram-positive organisms are imipenem, meropenem and piperacillin-tazobactam followed by amikacin; vancomycin & clindamycin for gram-positive organisms. To curb the growing antimicrobial resistance that we see in this and other studies, continuous antimicrobial stewardship is necessary, else we risk failing to treat BSI.

scholarly journals Etiology of bloodstream infection and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prashubha Bhandari ◽  
Sarita Manandhar ◽  
Basudha Shrestha ◽  
Nabeen Dulal
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative

Background: Bloodstream infection (BSI) is a signifi cant cause of morbidity and mortality. In Nepal, very few studies on BSIs have restricted the understanding of their cause, prevention and treatment. This cross-sectional study was conducted to isolate BSIs causing pathogens and determine their antibiotic susceptibility pattern in patients visiting Kathmandu ModelHospital during December 2012 to May 2013.Materials and Methods: Standard laboratory procedure was used to screen, isolate and identify the bacteria from 1,205 patients. The antibiotic susceptibility pattern (AST) was analyzed by modifi ed Kirby Bauer technique and data were analyzed using SPSS version-16.Results: Out of 1,205 blood samples, 186 (15.4 %) were culture positive. The most common bacteria isolated were: Salmonella spp., Escherichiacoli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and CoNS. Gram-negative bacteria were the predominant causes of BSIs. Salmonella Typhi was isolated in 71 % cases of bloodstream infection followed by Salmonella Paratyphi A in 16 %, Escherichia coli in 5.3 % and Klebsiella pneumonia in 0.5 %. The gram-positive organism responsible for causing BSI was coagulase-negative staphylococcus in 7 % cases. There was no significant association between bacteremia and gender of the patients. During ASTs, Gram-negative bacteria were sensitive to Chloramphenicol with only 0.5 % resistivity. Salmonella Typhi (85.6 % of isolates) showed resistance to Nalidixic acid. Gram-positive bacteria showed 100 % sensitivity towards Chloramphenicol and Gentamicin and were least sensitive to Amoxicillin.Conclusion: Salmonella spp., was major cause of BSIs. Increase in antibiotic resistivity for BSI causing pathogens has necessitated continuous monitoring of the susceptibility of organisms towards antibiotics.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 71-75

scholarly journals Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates Causing Wound Infection Among the Patients Visiting B & B Hospital

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaya Krishna Yakha ◽  
Amit Raj Sharma ◽  
Nawaraj Dahal ◽  
Binod Lekhak ◽  
Megha Raj Banjara
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Effective Drug ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Causative Agents ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues

A wound is any physical injury involving a break in the skin, and exposed subcutaneous tissues provide a favorable substratum for a wide variety of microorganisms to contaminate and colonize. In this study a total of 870 plus samples were collected from patients visiting B & B hospital suspecting wound infection and then analyzed. The causative agents were isolated, identified by culture and biochemical tests and their susceptibility pattern to antibiotics were determined by using CLSI guidelines. Out of total samples, 476(44.8%) showed bacterial growth. Among growth cases 22.9% were mixed growths. Among all bacterial isolates, 12 species were identified of them, 70.6% were Gram-negative and 29.4% were Gram-positive. Among Gram-positive isolates, Staphylococcus. Aureus (74.2%) was most common followed by CoNS (8.6%), Non hemolytic Streptococci (8.6%), Enterococcus spp. (4.3%) and â -haemolytic Streptococci (4.3%). Among Gram-negative bacteria, the most common isolate was Pseudomonas aeruginosa (31.5%) followed by E.coli (24.8%), Acinetobacter spp. (14.6%), Enterobacter spp. (14.0%) and Klebsiella spp. (13.4%). Proteus spp. and Citrobacter spp. were less common. With regard to AST pattern, S. aureus was most susceptible to chloramphenicol and highly resistance to penicillin. Among them, 7.7% were MRSA. For other Gram-positive isolates as well, effective drug was found to be chloramphenicol. For P. aeruginosa, the most effective drug was imipenem (94.3%) followed by amikacin (63.2%). Likewise, for other Gram-negative bacteria most effective drug was imipenem followed by amikacin. Among the total P. aeruginosa isolates, 58.5% were found to be MDR. For all these P. aeruginosa isolates MIC on gentamycin and ciprofloxacin illustrate the simultaneous presence of ciprofloxacin resistance and reduced gentamycin susceptibility. These results indicated that antibiotic resistance in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were increasing in alarming trend that leads to the failure of treatment.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/njst.v15i2.12121Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 15, No.2 (2014) 91-96

scholarly journals Bacterial Isolates and its Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern in NICU

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Shrestha ◽  
NC Shrestha ◽  
S Dongol Singh ◽  
RPB Shrestha ◽  
S Kayestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Nosocomial Sepsis

Background Neonatal sepsis is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among the newborns in the developing world. Objectives To determine the common bacterial isolates causing sepsis in neonatal intensive care unit and its antibiotic susceptibility pattern. Methods A one year discriptive prospective study was conducted in neonatal intensive care unit to analyse the results of blood culture and to look into the sensitivity of the commonly used antibiotics. Results The blood culture yield by conventional method was 44.13% with nosocomial sepsis accounting for 10.79%. 84.08% were culture proven early onset sepsis and 15.95% were late onset sepsis. Klebsiella infection was the commonest organism isolated in early, late and nosocomial sepsis but statistically not significant. Gram positive organisms were 39.36% in which Staphylococcus aureus was the leading microorganism followed by coagulase negative staphylococcus areus. Gram negative organisms were 60.64% amongst them Klebsiella was the most often encountered followed by Pseudomonas. The most common organism Klebsiella was 87.5% and 78.3% resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram negative isolates 87.5% and 77.2% were resistance to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Among gram positive isolates 58.5% and 31.5% resistance were noted to ampicillin and gentamycin respectively. Resistance to cefotaxim to gram negative and gram positive isolates were 87.34% and 59.35% respectively. Conclusion Klebsiella is most common organism which is almost resistance to first line antibiotics. Resistance to both gram negative and gram positive isolates among firstline antibiotics and even with cefotaxim is emerging and is a major concern in neonatal intensive care unit. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v11i1.11030 Kathmandu University Medical Journal Vol.11(1) 2013: 66-70

scholarly journals Prevalence of gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds and antibiotic susceptibility pattern; a study conducted on stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department.

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1376-1380
Author(s):  
Saeeda Nabat ul Hassan ◽  
Khushbu Farva ◽  
Ghulam Asghar Bhutta
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Burn Wounds ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Patient Department

Objective: To study prevalence of various gram negative bacteria in infected burn wounds among stable burn patients reporting to out-patient department on follow-ups. Study Design: Cross Sectional study. Setting: Department of Pathology, Sahara Medical College Narowal. Period: January to June 2020. Material & Methods: Patients with burn wounds with clinical signs and symptoms of infection but vitally stable, wound less than one month old involving < 20% body surface, reporting to out-patient door of study institution on follow-ups were enrolled into the study. Swabs of infected wounds were taken and sent for bacterial culture and sensitivity to the pathology department of the institution, where micro flora were isolated and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern was determined using standard techniques. Consent was taken from patients before including them in study. Results: Total 210 cases were studied. Gram negative bacteria were isolated from 190 cases, out of them 30% were oxidase positive ad 70% were oxidase negative. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas Aeruginosa (30%), followed by Proteus Sps. (25.3%) and Entero bacter Sps. (15.8%) etc. Conclusion: Among gram negative bacteria pseudomonas is a major isolated organism from infected burn wounds having high susceptibility to imipenem and cefepime.

scholarly journals Neonatal septicemia and current scenario of antibiotic sensitivity pattern – A study of blood culture isolates in a tertiary care hospital, Rajkot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 222-226
Author(s):  
Madhulika Mistry ◽  
Arpita Bhattacharya ◽  
Twinkle Kumar Parmar
Keyword(s):  
Neonatal Sepsis ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Neonatal Septicemia ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Current Scenario

Neonatal sepsis is one of the leading causes of neonatal mortality in developing countries. Neonatal sepsis can be classified into two subtypes depending upon onset of symptoms- before 72 hours of life (early-onset neonatal sepsis—EONS) or later (late-onset neonatal sepsis—LONS). Bacteriological profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in neonatal septicemia are changing time-to-time and place-to-place. This study is aimed to know the current scenario of neonatal septicemia and antibiotic susceptibility pattern for determining effective treatment, hence reducing burden of antibiotic resistance.This is a Retrospective study. Data was collected from Bacteriology lab, PDUMC Rajkot (May 2020 – May 2021). Blood cultures were performed on suspected neonates. Both BACTEC and conventional methods were used. Organisms were isolated by standard microbiological protocols and antibiotic sensitivity was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method as per CLSI- 2020/2021 guidelines. Total 1402 samples were screened. 326 were positive (23.25%). 214(65.64%) were male and 112(34.36%) were female. CONS (32.21%) was found to be the predominant pathogen followed by Klebsiella (19.63%), Staphylococcus aureus (18.10%), E. coli (15.95%), Acinetobacter (12.27%) and Enterococcus spp. (1.84%). EONS was seen in 195(59.82%) cases and LONS was seen in 131(40.18%) cases. Gram-negative bacteria are predominant in EONS (76.28%) and gram-positive bacteria is predominant in LONS (64.12%). Gram negative isolates are mostly susceptible to Meropenem, Piperacillin-tazobactam, Cefepime, Ceftazidime. Gram positive isolates mostly showed sensitivity to Vancomycin, Linezolid.Multi-drug resistant organism are emerging in neonatal septicemia. Strict antibiotic stewardship should be practiced to avoid the upcoming treatment difficulties.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Study of Wound Infection and Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern of the Isolates

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-150
Author(s):  
R KC ◽  
A Shrestha ◽  
VK Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Wound Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Klebsiella Oxytoca ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Positive ◽  
Bacteriological Study ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Staph Aureus

Wound infections result in sepsis, limb loss, long hospital stays, higher costs, and are responsible for significant human mortality and morbidity worldwide. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify the causative organisms of wound infection, to determine the antibiotic susceptibility pattern of the isolates and to study the risk factors for wound infection. The study was conducted for six months in which pus specimens collected from 244 patients were processed to investigate etiological agents using standard technique. Disc susceptibility of bacterial agents were then determined. A total of 244 pus samples were collected and 147 (60.20%) samples showed growth. A total of 150 bacterial isolates were isolated; of which 118 (78.67%) were Gram positive and 32 (21.33%) were Gram negative bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (72.00%) was most common followed by Escherichia coli (6.67%), Citrobacter freundii (5.34%), Staphylococcus epidermidis (4.00%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (3.33%), Proteus mirabilis (2.00%), Enterococcus faecalis (1.33%), Acinetobacter spp. (1.33%), Klebsiella oxytoca (1.33%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (1.33%), Streptococcus pneumoniae (0.67%) and Streptococcus pyogenes (0.67%). The most effective antibiotic for Gram positive isolates was Gentamicin (77.97%). For Gram negative isolates (except Ps. aeruginosa), Amikacin (74.07%), for Ps. aeruginosa, Amikacin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin and Ofloxacin each with the susceptibility of 80.00% and for Staph. aureus, Cloxacillin (79.63%) were the most effective antibiotics. Hence, the most common isolate in wound infection was Staph. aureus followed by E. coli. Therefore, routine microbiological analysis of the wound specimens and their antibiotic susceptibility testing is recommended that will guide clinician for treatment of wound infection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njst.v14i2.10428   Nepal Journal of Science and Technology Vol. 14, No. 2 (2013) 143-150

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