scholarly journals Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sofie Van Pelt ◽  
Anne Ryen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
General Health ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Main Determinants

This article deals with the complexity of health behaviour from a self-efficacy perspective, and shows the naivety in assuming knowledge as the main guide to better protection against HIV. The authors accentuate the importance of local knowledge when developing health strategies as in the case of protection against HIV, in this case for female university students in Malawi. Being part of a transition period, these students have to handle complex and at times opposing expectations. This makes HIV protection into a complex social- and health issue. However, the close association between universities and rational thinking has for long made public health see self-efficacy as one of the main determinants in general health behaviour. By seeing health behaviour as complex, this study explores into how female university students perceive their own self-efficacy in protecting themselves against HIV in Malawi with a HIV score of approximately 12%. The study is based on data from Chancellor College in Zomba, Malawi. The authors point to the potential of a closer collaboration between social work and public health in issues of both a social and a health nature, as in the case of HIV protection.

scholarly journals Spiritual intelligence on health behaviours among Malaysian university students in a Malaysian public university: The mediating role of self efficacy

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Dev Omar Dev
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Spiritual Intelligence ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Mediation Effect ◽  
The Relationship

University students experience a substantial amount of change where they progress from the highly controlled setting of school to the self-motivated environment of the university. Many changes which involve social, financial, and environment elements, can be a burden to the students putting them at risk in negative health behaviours. Negative health behaviours among university students are a course of concern since they have a tendency to be carried into adulthood which can possibly cause the emergence of chronic disease at a younger age.  Spiritual intelligence together with self-efficacy is seen to promote better health behaviour.  Therefore, the purpose of the study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy on health behaviours among university students in Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia.  A correlational study was conducted on 400 undergraduate university students who lived on campus and were chosen through stratified random sampling technique using closed ended questionnnaires (The Spiritual Self-Report Inventory, General Self Efficacy Scale and a modified version of Health Style Questionnaire).   Pearson correlation and structural equation modelling were used to explore association between these aspects. Spiritual intelligence, self-efficacy and health behaviour were significantly correlated.  Self-efficacy showed a partial mediation effect towards the relationship between spiritual intelligence and promoting health behaviour (p=0.0001). Thus, there was an association between spiritual intelligence with health behaviour, and self-efficacy with health behaviour.  It is interpreted that spiritual intelligence can boost positive health behaviour and it is associated with self-efficacy relevantly gives benefit to health behaviour. Such data have important implications for both health practice and policy especially for higher education institutions.

scholarly journals Determinants in the intention to use PrEP and PEP in University students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jiménez Triana ◽  
K Hernández Blanco ◽  
C Caporal Taffoya ◽  
C Romero Montero ◽  
F G Márquez Celedonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Veracruz, Mexico, was ranked as the second national place on HIV/AIDS incidence during 2019, with 28.5% corresponding to people between 15 and 24 years old. Post-Exposure Prohylaxis (PEP) is currently available in Mexico, whereas Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) hasn't been introduced as an actual alternative for mexican population. Research question: What are the determining factors in the intent to use PrEP and PEP in university students in a city with high risk of infection for HIV/AIDS? Methods An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in Veracruz, Mexico between June and December 2019. University students in the cities of Veracruz and Boca del Río were included, selecting participants through non-probabilistic sampling. HIV/AIDS-65 test was applied to assess attitudes, self-efficacy and susceptibility. Awareness of the existence of PrEP and PEP, along with the willingness to use them, were assessed by a questionnaire formulated by the authors. The surveys were conducted through Google Forms®. The results were collected and analyzed with the SPSS Statistic® program. Results 565 students were included, of which 19.8% were aware of the existence of PrEP and 13.4% were aware of the existence of PEP. 20.3% would be willing to take the PrEP and 22.3% were willing to take the PEP in case of having risky sexual encounters. Willingness to use the PrEP if required, showed different susceptibility (47.7 ± 1.8 vs. 44.4 ± 20) among those who responded positively. Levels of knowledge, attitude, susceptibility and self-efficacy had no differences among those who accepted to use PEP and those who didn't (p > 0.05). The accordance between those who were aware of the existence of PrEP and their intention to use it had a Kappa of 0.17, while the one for using PEP was 0.13. Conclusions Better interventions are needed to improve awareness among university students to use PrEP and PEP since the high risk of HIV-transmission in Veracruz. Key messages We consider convenient to propose a reproductive health module to promote HIV-focused health in university students. We must carry out a program to promote the use of PrEP and PEP if required.

Oral health diseases among the older people: a general health perspective

2020 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Older People ◽  
Health Professionals ◽  
General Health ◽  
Oral Health Care ◽  
Oral Diseases ◽  
Public Health Professionals ◽  
The Relationship

Background: The relationship between oral health and general health is gaining interest in geriatric research; however, a lack of studies dealing with this issue from a general perspective makes it somewhat inaccessible to non-clinical public health professionals. Purpose: The purpose of this review is to describe the relationship between oral health and general health of the elderly on the basis of literature review, and to give non-clinical medical professionals and public health professionals an overview of this discipline. Methods: This study was based on an in-depth review of the literature pertaining to the relationship between oral health and general health among the older people. The tools commonly used to evaluate dental health and the academic researches of male elderly people were also reviewed. And future research directions were summarized. Results: Dental caries, periodontal disease, edentulism, and xerostomia are common oral diseases among the older people. Dental caries and periodontal diseases are the leading causes of missing teeth and edentulism. Xerostomia, similar to dry mouth, is another common oral health disease in the older people. No clear correlation exists between the subjective feeling of dryness and an objective decrease of saliva. Rather, both conditions can be explained by changes in saliva. The General Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) and the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) are the main assessment tools used to examine oral health and quality of life in the older people. The GOHAI tends to be more sensitive to objective values pertaining to oral function. In addition, oral health studies in male elderly people are population-based cohort or cross-sectional studies, involving masticatory function, oral prevention, frailty problems, cardiovascular disease risk, and cognitive status. Conclusion: It is possible to reduce the incidence of certain oral diseases, even among individuals who take oral health care seriously. Oral health care should be based on the viewpoint of comprehensive treatment, including adequate nutrition, good life and psychology, and correct oral health care methods. In the future, researchers could combine the results of meta-analysis with the clinical experience of doctors to provide a more in-depth and broader discussion on oral health research topics concerning the older people.

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