scholarly journals Determinants in the intention to use PrEP and PEP in University students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
A Jiménez Triana ◽  
K Hernández Blanco ◽  
C Caporal Taffoya ◽  
C Romero Montero ◽  
F G Márquez Celedonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Intention To Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Veracruz, Mexico, was ranked as the second national place on HIV/AIDS incidence during 2019, with 28.5% corresponding to people between 15 and 24 years old. Post-Exposure Prohylaxis (PEP) is currently available in Mexico, whereas Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) hasn't been introduced as an actual alternative for mexican population. Research question: What are the determining factors in the intent to use PrEP and PEP in university students in a city with high risk of infection for HIV/AIDS? Methods An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in Veracruz, Mexico between June and December 2019. University students in the cities of Veracruz and Boca del Río were included, selecting participants through non-probabilistic sampling. HIV/AIDS-65 test was applied to assess attitudes, self-efficacy and susceptibility. Awareness of the existence of PrEP and PEP, along with the willingness to use them, were assessed by a questionnaire formulated by the authors. The surveys were conducted through Google Forms®. The results were collected and analyzed with the SPSS Statistic® program. Results 565 students were included, of which 19.8% were aware of the existence of PrEP and 13.4% were aware of the existence of PEP. 20.3% would be willing to take the PrEP and 22.3% were willing to take the PEP in case of having risky sexual encounters. Willingness to use the PrEP if required, showed different susceptibility (47.7 ± 1.8 vs. 44.4 ± 20) among those who responded positively. Levels of knowledge, attitude, susceptibility and self-efficacy had no differences among those who accepted to use PEP and those who didn't (p > 0.05). The accordance between those who were aware of the existence of PrEP and their intention to use it had a Kappa of 0.17, while the one for using PEP was 0.13. Conclusions Better interventions are needed to improve awareness among university students to use PrEP and PEP since the high risk of HIV-transmission in Veracruz. Key messages We consider convenient to propose a reproductive health module to promote HIV-focused health in university students. We must carry out a program to promote the use of PrEP and PEP if required.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and susceptibility on HIV/AIDS in university students

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hernández Blanco ◽  
A Jiménez Triana ◽  
C Caporal Taffoya ◽  
C Romero Montero ◽  
F G Márquez Celedonio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sex Education ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Probabilistic Sampling ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Veracruz is Mexico's second state with the highest number of HIV / AIDS cases. Identifying the factors that facilitate greater knowledge, a better attitude, self-efficacy and susceptibility could improve the way HIV/AIDS prevention and training activities are planned and executed. Research question: What are the characteristics that mark differences in knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy and susceptibility on HIV in university students? Methods An observational, prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study was conducted in Veracruz, Mexico between June and December 2019. University students from public and private schools in Veracruz-Boca del Río were included, excluding those who did not agree to participate, selecting participants through non-probabilistic sampling. Through the application of surveys, in which students were requested the VIH/ SIDA-65 test was applied to assess attitudes, self-efficacy and susceptibility. The surveys were conducted through Google Forms® and were answered on that same platform. The results were collected and analyzed with the SPSS Statistic® program. Results 565 students were included, 62.8% were male, 98.6% cisgender and, 88.3% as heterosexual. Being a man, marks differences in neutral attitude (32.2 ± 18.0 vs. 29.0 ± 15.8) and susceptibility (48.95 ± 20.3 vs. 43.2 ± 18.2), non-heterosexual sexual orientation in positive attitude (4.5 ± 0.7 vs. 4.2 ± 1.1), active sex life in neutral attitude (32.0 ± 17.4 vs. 24.1 ± 12.1) and self-efficacy (89.1 ± 19.5 vs. 83.5 ± 22.0) all with values of p < 0.05 while gender identity, place of origin, socioeconomic level, religion, and pre-university sex education showed values of p > 0.5 Conclusions Among the university students, being a man, being non-heterosexual and having active sex life are factors that make a difference in attitude, self-efficacy and susceptibility to HIV / AIDS. Key messages We must improve pre-university reproductive health education, since it does not make a difference in knowledge and attitudes for HIV / AIDS. We consider it convenient to propose a reproductive health module to promote HIV-focused health in university students.

scholarly journals Factors associated with dating violence in young university students of Veracruz - Boca del Río

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S I Valencia Almeida ◽  
J E Villegas Domínguez ◽  
E A Villegas Vázquez ◽  
J C Leyva Chipol ◽  
F G Márquez Celedonio
Keyword(s):  
Public Schools ◽  
University Students ◽  
Dating Violence ◽  
Private School ◽  
Protective Factor ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Del Rio

Abstract Introduction In the Mexican - American population, violence occurs between 10 and 40% of initial affective relationships. Veracruz is one of the main Mexican states that suffers violence and is the one with the largest number of femicides (3.44 per 100,000 women). Research question: what are the associated factors in the victimization in the courtship of young university students from the Veracruz - Boca del Río conurbation zone? Methods A cross-sectional, prospective, observational and analytical study was conducted from August to November 2019. University students enrolled in a higher education educational program in public and private universities of Veracruz-Boca del Río, who have had the minus a dating relationship and those who did not agree to participate were excluded. Violence in dating was quantified with the “Questionnaire on Violence in Dating (CUVINO)” (Alfa Cronbach 0.91). The spss v22 software was used to analyze the data. Results 680 participants were included, distributed in private schools (56.47%) and public schools (43.52%), with 444 (65.2%) women and 236 (34.7%) men. The prevalence of dating violence was 74.9%, however, only 21.6% of the participants considered having had such a relationship. The factors associated with dating violence were studying in a private school (OR = 0.62 IC95% 0.4-0.9), witnessing some act of violence in your family (OR = 1.47 IC95% 1.02-2.12), meeting a friend with a relationship violent (OR = 2.0 95% CI 1.4-2.9), believe that abuse exists in courtship (OR = 4.7 95% CI 2.9-7.4) and suspect that you may be in a violent relationship (OR = 4.67 95% CI 2.22- 9.83), while not witnessing any act of violence in your family (OR = 0.61 95% CI 0.4-0.8) is a protective factor to avoid violence in dating, all these values with p < 0.05. It was not associated with violence. Conclusions Violence in dating is associated with behaviors of family members and friends of the violent. Key messages The social situation close to a person influences the violence allowed in their courtship. Young people normalize violence in a relationship, since many of them do not identify it when living it.

scholarly journals Risk Perception of HIV/AIDS and Low Self-Control Trait: Explaining Preventative Behaviors Among Iranian University Students

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Safooreh Esmaeilzadeh ◽  
Hamid Allahverdipour ◽  
Behrouz Fathi ◽  
Shayesteh Shirzadi
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Sex Partners ◽  
High Risk Behaviors ◽  
High Level ◽  
Low Self Control ◽  
Hiv Aids

<p><strong>BACKGROUND: </strong>In spite of developed countries there are progressive trend about HIV/AIDS and its' aspects of transmission in the low socio-economic societies.<strong> </strong>The aim of this was to explain the youth’s behavior in adopting HIV/AIDS related preventive behaviors in a sample of Iranian university students by emphasizing on fear appeals approaches alongside examining the role of self-control trait for explaining adoption on danger or fear control processes based on Extended Parallel Process Model (EPPM).<strong></strong></p> <p><strong>METHODS: </strong>A sample of 156 randomly selected university students in Jolfa, Iran was recruited in a predictive cross-sectional study by application of a researcher-designed questionnaire through self-report data collection manner. Sexual high risk behaviors, the EPPM variables, self-control trait, and general self-efficacy were measured as theoretical framework.<strong></strong></p> <p><strong>RESULTS: </strong>Findings indicated that 31.3% of participants were in the fear control process versus 68.7% in danger control about HIV/AIDS and also the presence of multi-sex partners and amphetamine consumption amongst the participants. Low self-control trait and low perceived susceptibility significantly were related to having a history of multi-sex partners while high level of self-efficacy significantly increased the probability of condom use.</p> <p><strong>CONCLUSION:</strong> Findings of the study were indicative of the protective role of high level of self-control, perceived susceptibility and self-efficacy factors on youth's high-risk behaviors and their preventative skills as well.<strong></strong></p>

scholarly journals Self-efficacy in protecting oneself against HIV transmission

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inger Sofie Van Pelt ◽  
Anne Ryen
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Health Behaviour ◽  
Local Knowledge ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
General Health ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Close Association ◽  
Main Determinants

This article deals with the complexity of health behaviour from a self-efficacy perspective, and shows the naivety in assuming knowledge as the main guide to better protection against HIV. The authors accentuate the importance of local knowledge when developing health strategies as in the case of protection against HIV, in this case for female university students in Malawi. Being part of a transition period, these students have to handle complex and at times opposing expectations. This makes HIV protection into a complex social- and health issue. However, the close association between universities and rational thinking has for long made public health see self-efficacy as one of the main determinants in general health behaviour. By seeing health behaviour as complex, this study explores into how female university students perceive their own self-efficacy in protecting themselves against HIV in Malawi with a HIV score of approximately 12%. The study is based on data from Chancellor College in Zomba, Malawi. The authors point to the potential of a closer collaboration between social work and public health in issues of both a social and a health nature, as in the case of HIV protection.

scholarly journals Predicting binge drinking among university students: Application of integrated behavioral model

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. e0254185
Author(s):  
Hordofa Gutema ◽  
Yamrot Debela ◽  
Bizuayehu Walle ◽  
Kidist Reba ◽  
Tebkew Shibabaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Binge Drinking ◽  
Behavioral Intention ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Intervention Strategy ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
P Value ◽  
Injunctive Norm ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background Binge drinking is a pattern of harmful use of alcohol and it is defined as four drinks for women and five drinks for men in about 2 hours. This behavior causes public health problems like damaging different body organs. Objective To assess binge drinking and associated factors among Bahir Dar University students in Northwest Ethiopia. Method A cross sectional study was conducted in November 2017. Systematic sampling technique was used to select 422 participants. Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Linear and Logistic regression models were used to predict the role of explanatory variables on behavioral intention and binge drinking, respectively. Independent variables with a p-value of <0.05 at 95% confidence interval were considered as statistically significant in the final model. Result A total of 413 students participated in this study and 33.4%(95% CI: 28.3–38.9) were engaged in binge drinking. Experiential attitude, instrumental attitude, and self-efficacy were found to be significant predictors of intention to binge drinking (p<0.05). Experiential attitude, environmental constraint, injunctive norm, and knowledge predictors were significantly associated with binge drinking (p<0.05). Conclusion Our study indicated that one-third of the students practiced binge drinking. This behavior was associated with experiential attitude, injunctive norm, environmental constraints, and knowledge factors. Additionally, experiential attitude, instrumental attitude, and self-efficacy constructs had explained behavioral intention. This implies focusing on the abovementioned determinant factors is imperative while designing intervention strategy.

scholarly journals Demographic Features of Identified PLWHA Infected through Commercial and Nonmarital Noncommercial Heterosexual Contact in China from 2015 – 2018: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhilong Dong ◽  
Liying Ma ◽  
Chang Cai ◽  
George Fu Gao ◽  
Fan Lyu
Keyword(s):  
Marital Status ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Heterosexual Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Heterosexual Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background:Understanding the demographic characteristics of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) infected through commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) or nonmarital noncommercial heterosexual contact (NMNCHC) is important for HIV/AIDS prevention and control.Methods:Cases reported through the Chinese HIV/AIDS Case Reporting System (CRS) from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed. A descriptive and preliminary inferential analysis were performed for those demographic characteristics deemed of interest.Results:Overall, 523,121 identified PLWHA between 2015 and 2018 in the CRS were analyzed. The constituent ratio of heterosexual transmission increased from 66.25% in 2015 to 71.48% in 2018. The proportion of CHC heterosexual transmission decreased from 40.18% in 2015 to 37.99% in 2018, while that of NMNCHC increased from 46.33% in 2015 to 49.02% in 2018. PLWHA infected through NMNCHC were significantly younger than those who were infected through CHC (Student’s t test, P<0.0001), with an average age gap ranging from 5.63 (2015) to 7.46 (2018) years, and the average age of both groups increased annually. The frequency of newly identified PLWHA who were infected through CHC had a remarkable increase among the ages of 65 and above. Gender distribution was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 8909.00(2015), 9941.90(2016), 11004.00 (2017), 12836.00(2018), all P < 0.0001), and the ratio of men to women in the NMCHC group was 1.50:1 (2015), 1.51:1 (2016), 1.54:1 (2017), and 1.52:1 (2018), while in the commercial heterosexual contact (CHC) group, these ratios were 11.45:1 (2015), 12.08:1 (2016), 12.53:1 (2017), and 13.28:1 (2018). Marital status was significantly different between CHC and NMNCHC (χ2 = 94.67 (2015), 109.88(2016), 58.18(2017), 152.38(2018), all P < 0.0001). As the educational level improved, the proportion of NMNCHC also increased (Cochran - Armitage test, P<0.0001).Conclusions:We found that heterosexual transmission was the primary mode of HIV transmission in China from 2015 to 2018. PLWHA infected through CHC and NMNCHC had different characteristics in age, gender, marital status, and educational level. The frequency of PLWHA infected through CHC increased substantially in the age group of 65 and above. This study provides useful baseline data for future studies on the heterosexual transmission of HIV in China.

Spiritual health: is it a determinant factor for preventing risky behaviors among university students?

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Asma Ghonchepour ◽  
Mostafa Sohrabi ◽  
Zakiyeh Golestani ◽  
Fereshteh Biabanaki ◽  
Mahlagha Dehghan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
University Students ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Risky Behaviors ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Spiritual Health ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
High Risk Behaviors

Abstract Background The most common high-risk behaviors that have profound and adverse effects on the health of the community take place in the university environment. Nowadays, the necessity of exploring ways to correct and reduce the high-risk behaviors requires identification of its determinant factors. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the correlation between spiritual health and high-risk behaviors among university students in the southeast of Iran in 2017–2018. Method This survey was a cross-sectional study. The population was all students studying at three central Universities in Kerman. Eight hundred and four students participated in the survey using a quota sampling method. The research instrument was a demographic questionnaire and the 20-item spiritual well-being Palutzian and Ellison scale and the Iranian Adolescent Riskiness Scale (IARS), which includes 39 items for high-risk behaviors. Results The mean total score of high-risk behaviors was 79.16 ± 24.6 which was lower than the median (117). The spiritual health of the majority of subjects (66.7%) was moderate with an average of 90.65 ± 16.64. There was a significant negative correlation between the students’ spiritual health and their high-risk behaviors. Conclusion It is necessary and essential to plan and implement spiritual-based interventions to reduce the incidence of high-risk behaviors.

scholarly journals Knowledge Regarding HIV/AIDS Among the Adult Population in a Rural Community

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-97
Author(s):  
R Ara ◽  
MN Uddin ◽  
MA Wahab ◽  
L Khondker ◽  
MSI Khan
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Rural Community ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Structured Interview ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Cluster Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hiv Aids

Introduction: The consequences of HIV/AIDS are alarming. It causes not only loss of live but also social and economic disruption. Being deadly disease, HIV/AIDS has become an important issue of recent times throughout the world. To date, little is known about awareness of HIV/AIDS in Bangladesh. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge regarding Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)/ Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrom (AIDS) among the adult population of a rural community. Place and Period of study: the study was done at ‘Tepir Bari, Saitalia, Tengra’ village under ‘Teli Hati’ union of Shreepur Upazilla in Gazipur district during the study period of 27 March 2010 to 31 April 2011. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional type of study was conducted with 360 respondents. Semi structured interview schedule was used for collection of information and sampling technique was ‘selective cluster sampling’. Results: Among the total 360 respondents 92.5% respondents had knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and 7.50% had no knowledge about HIV/AIDS. The respondents who were familiar with the term of HIV/AIDS, 86.79% had gathered information from mass media. Most of respondents 83.78% consider that sexual route is the principal means of spreading HIV/AIDS. According to them the other most common ways of spreading HIV/AIDS were sharing same needle (49.55%), through blood and blood products (43.24%), vertical transmission 19.21%. Among 333 respondents,64.72% considered that the top most high risk group was commercial sex workers. 55% considered individuals sharing same needle, 40.2% thought individuals having illegal relationships, 23.33% considered unsafe blood recipients, 11.11% considered drivers, 10.28% considered frequent traveler and 15.83% respondents had no knowledge about high risk groups. Regarding the knowledge about preventing HIV/AIDS majority of respondents (64.44%) considered that the safe sexual behavior is the main way to prevent HIV/AIDS. 32.22% respondents considered using unshared needle, 28.89% respondents thought health education regarding AIDS, 26.44% individuals thought proper maintenance of religious values, 21.44% considered proper screening where as 16.11% respondents had no knowledge about preventive measures. Conclusion: Among the study subjects majority of the respondents had knowledge regarding HIV/AIDS and few had no knowledge and they need information and health education. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jafmc.v9i1.18737 Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.9(1) 2013: 90-97

HIV/AIDS Knowledge and Self-Efficacy Among Late Adolescents in Nepal

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 205-215
Author(s):  
Ganga Mahat ◽  
Geeta Pradhan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Behavior ◽  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Sexual Risk Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Late Adolescents ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Community Based Programs ◽  
Aids Knowledge ◽  
Hiv Aids

The purpose of this study was to explore HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior in Nepalese late adolescents attending college. A convenience sample of 229 baccalaureate college students completed three instruments: demographic, HIV/AIDS knowledge questions and the self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior questions. The findings of this study showed that Nepalese youth had moderate HIV/AIDS knowledge and a moderate level of self-efficacy. However, they lacked knowledge in certain aspects of HIV transmission. HIV/AIDS knowledge was strongly correlated with self-efficacy for limiting sexual risk behavior. There was no statistical difference in HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy by gender. However, when each self-efficacy item was analyzed by gender, there were significant differences in a few items by gender. ANOVA analysis showed no significant differences on HIV/AIDS knowledge and self-efficacy by the level of education. The findings of this study indicate that there is a need for developing school-based and/or community-based programs that will increase HIV/AIDS awareness among youth and help them develop decision making and communication skills. It is also important to look at the school and college curricula and integrate more HIV/AIDS information in the curriculum.

scholarly journals PROCRASTINATION AND SELF-CONCEPT IN MORE/LESS CONSCIENTIOUS STUDENTS

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianna Berinšterová ◽  
◽  
Miroslava Bozogáňová ◽  
Monika Magdová ◽  
Jana Kapová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Subjective Well Being ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negatively Associated

"Given its significant negative consequences for university students, procrastination has been studied extensively and shown to be associated with conscientiousness as a personality trait. Involving 333 university students doing teacher training programmes (68.5% female; Mage=20.51 (SD=1.61); 83.48% undergraduates doing a bachelor’s degree), our study aimed to explore the association between procrastination among more/less conscientious students and selected self-concept variables (self-control, self-efficacy, etc.). Our questionnaire was based on the Ten-Item Personality Inventory (Gosling, Rentfrow, Swann, 2003), the Self-Control Scale (Finkenauer, Engels, Baumeister, 2005), the Self-efficacy Scale (Ko?š, Hefteyova, Schwarzer, Jerusalem, 1993), and the Procrastination Scale for Student Populations (Gabrhelík, 2008); our control variables were gender and well- being (Subjective Well-Being Scale, Chan-Hoong, Soon, 2011). The sample was divided into two groups – (1) less conscientious and (2) more conscientious) – using the method of visual binning in SPSS 20. A t-test for independent samples and linear regression were used for data analysis. The less conscientious students in our sample reported a higher level of procrastination (t=6.479; df=310; p?0.001; Cohen's d=0.681). A linear model was conducted for both groups (the dependent variable being the level of procrastination, the independent variables being gender and the levels of self-control, self-efficacy, and well-being). Both models were significant ((1) F=8.449; p?0.001; R2=32.6; (2) F= 7.277; p?0.001; R2=25.7). Among the less conscientious students, the levels of self-control (?=-0.546; t=-5.262; p?0.001) and self-efficacy (?=-0.238; t=-2.092; p?0.001) were negatively associated with procrastination. Among the more conscientious students, the level of self-control (?=0.404; t=-3.929; p?0.001) was negatively associated with procrastination and “being a man” (0–man; 1–woman) (?=-0.307; t=-3.219; p?0.05) was significantly associated with the level of procrastination. The results of our study show trait and personality differences in the level of procrastination, highlighting the importance of self-control and self-efficacy development among university students. Interactive programmes with an impact on students’ self-concept can be a significant contribution to students’ ability to cope with their study requirements effectively. It could be argued that the limits of this study include cross-sectional and self-reported data."

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