Przeprowadzenie wyborów w warunkach epidemii COVID-19 (wniosek ECPRD nr 4586)

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (70) ◽  
pp. 241-250
Author(s):  
Justyna Branna ◽  
Daniela Kupis
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Voting Rules ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Present Information ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Protection Of Life

The authors present information on holding presidential elections in Poland in 2020 in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. They indicate, among other things, what anti-epidemic measures were taken to ensure the protection of life and health of voters, members of election commissions and other participants in the election process. Moreover, they present issues on how to ensure voting for voters under compulsory quarantine or mandatory isolation and indicate voting rules adopted specifically in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic and legislative changes made, including amendment to the Electoral Code.

Le terrorisme international et la cage d'escalier. La sécurité publique dans le débat politique en France, 2000–2003

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dominique Monjardet
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Public Order ◽  
Election Campaigns ◽  
Security Issues ◽  
Legislative Changes ◽  
Entire Planet ◽  
Made In

AbstractIn the spring of 2001, statistics concerning criminality in France, - on the decline over the preceding five years, - showed an increase. The principal measure recommended by a Conference on Interior Security held in January 2001 was the adoption of legislative changes to combat the offences responsible for this increase in criminal activity, which the opposition was using to advantage in anticipation of the coming elections (legislative and presidential elections were slated for the spring of 2002). Thus in March 2001 the French Parliament approved first reading of a new “interior security law.” By the time of second reading in October 2001 the issue had become highly emotionally charged because of the events of September 11 in the United States, which resulted in the bill being “fortified” with a chapter “with a view to strengthening the war against terrorism.” Thus a link was made in the framework of a legislative text between daily security issues and international terrorism, - petty crime irritants to public order and epic conflicts affecting the entire planet. This link persisted, notably in polemics on security issues launched during the election campaigns, and subsequently in the measures instituted by the new government in May 2002. This paper exposes and criticizes this conflation.

5. Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral College ◽  
College System ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Elections

‘Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections’ explores the complexities of how candidates for president are chosen and how they are elected. The nominating campaign is to many Americans confusing and opaque. The lengthy timescale of primary and caucus elections means that some states have a disproportionate influence on the outcome. Two factors have even greater influence in the election process: the funding of campaigns, which can cost tens of millions of dollars, and the nature of the Electoral College system, which means that much of the debate will be conducted in a few battleground states where a few votes can make a difference to the Electoral College.

5. Presidential elections: Nominating campaigns and general elections

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Sandy Maisel
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Electoral College ◽  
College System ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
General Elections

‘Presidential elections: nominating campaigns and general elections’ explores the complexities of how candidates for President are chosen and how they are elected. The nominating campaign is to many Americans confusing and opaque. The lengthy timescale of primary and caucus elections means that some States have a disproportionate influence on the outcome. Two factors have even greater influence in the election process: the funding of campaigns and the nature of the electoral college system, which means that much of the debate will be conducted in a few battleground States where a few votes can make a difference to the electoral college.

scholarly journals Social Media and Fake News in the Post-Truth Era: The Manipulation of Politics in the Election Process

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-196
Author(s):  
Turgay Yerlikaya ◽  
Seca Toker
Keyword(s):  
Social Networks ◽  
Social Media ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Fake News ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Use Of Social Media ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Positive Effect

This article focuses on how virtual social networks affect socio-political life. The main theme of the article is how social networks such as Facebook and Twitter can direct voters’ electoral preferences, especially during election time, through the dissemination of manipulative content and fake news. The use of social media, which was initially thought to have a positive effect on democratization, has been extensively discussed in recent years as threat to democracy. Examples from the 2016 U.S. presidential elections, France, Brexit, Germany, the UK and Turkey will be used to illustrate the risks that social networks pose to democracy, especially during election periods.

scholarly journals CATHOLICS AND THE 2020 PRESIDENTIAL ELECTION

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 283-312
Author(s):  
Corwin Smidt
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Political Change ◽  
The United States ◽  
Popular Vote ◽  
The Past ◽  
Swing Vote ◽  
Election Process

This article examines the role of Catholics within the 2020 presidential election in the United States. Although Catholics were once a crucial and dependable component of the Democratic Party’s electoral coalition, their vote in more recent years has been much more splintered. Nevertheless, Catholics have been deemed to be an important “swing vote” in American politics today, as in recent presidential elections they have aligned with the national popular vote. This article therefore focuses on the part that Catholics played within the 2020 presidential election process. It addresses the level of political change and continuity within the ranks of Catholics over the past several elections, how they voted in the Democratic primaries during the initial stages of the 2020 presidential election, their level of support for different candidates over the course of the campaign, how they ultimately came to cast their ballots in the 2020 election, and the extent to which their voting patterns in 2020 differed from that of 2016.

scholarly journals The Implementation of Good Governance In The Presidential Election In Indonesia

Yuridika ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Dian Fitri Sabrina ◽  
Rosa Ristawati
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
Governance System ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Presidential System

The 2019 presidential and vice presidential elections in Indonesia had complicated issues, including broken ballots, multiple voter lists, not registered as permanent voters, political money, transparency, administrative violations, electoral penalties, and high white numbers. These problems indicate that the values contained in the concept of good governance are not implemented in the election process. To analyze the issues, this paper uses normative method. The method is by analyzing the Laws. Especially when related to aspects of law enforcement in the principles of administrative law in good governance. This method will be formulated for implementing good governance in the election process. The results of the analysis have who that the electoral justice is very important to be achieved in the presidential election in Indonesia. the presidential  system is in order to strengthen the presidential election. However, the presidential election as one of the recruitment in the Presidential in Indonesia system in election is against justice because do not use a good governance in election process. It is not supporting the electoral justice. Results of previous elections in Indonesia, it was found that the values of good governance have not been well implemented in all stages of the election, both in the pre-election stage, the election process until post-election. Especially when related to aspects of law principle in election. this research will be formulated with good governance system for implemented in election process. The paper will be socialized and implemented in the holding of presidential system election in Indonesia.

scholarly journals A Bayesian Approach for Validation of Election Results

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
R.K. Ogundeji ◽  
J.N. Onyeka-Ubaka
Keyword(s):  
Political Parties ◽  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Bayesian Methods ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Empirical Bayes ◽  
Posterior Probability ◽  
Election Process ◽  
Credible Intervals ◽  
Election Results

Election process and results in many countries have resulted in both political and economic instability of that country. Fair and credible election process and results must be evidence-based and statistical proven. This study employed a Bayesian procedure for the validation of election results. Based on Nigerian 2011 and 2015 presidential election results, Bayesian credible intervals were obtained to assess the credibility of Nigeria presidential election results. The study explores Bayesian methods using a Bayesian model called beta-binomial conjugate model to compute posterior probability of electoral votes cast and confirm if these votes are within Bayesian credible intervals. The results obtained showed that election outcomes for the two major political parties in Nigeria 2011 presidential election are not within Bayesian credible bounds while 2015 presidential election results are within computed Bayesian credible bounds. Also, in contrast to frequentist approach, applied Bayesian methodology exhibited smaller variance which is an indication that Bayesian approach is more efficient. Thus, for election to be fair, credible and acceptable by the electorates, Bayesian approach can be used to validate electoral process and results. Keywords: Bayesian Methods, Bayesian Credible Intervals, Beta-Binomial Model, Empirical Bayes, Nigeria Presidential Elections.

scholarly journals CONSTRUCTION FIGURES WITH STYLISTIC VALUE IN THE ELECTORAL DISCOURSE

Akademos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-103
Author(s):  
Ovidiu Adrian Enacache ◽  
◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Presidential Elections ◽  
Rhetorical Figures ◽  
Election Process

A politician who candidates in an election process uses rhetorical figures to persuade as many people as possible that he/she is the best for that position. Construction figures are important because they give extra- meaning to the speeches. Four types of construction figures were analyzed in this article: repetition, antithesis, gradation and anacoluthia. All of these figures were exemplified in the speeches held by the candidates in the 2009 presidential elections in Romania.

The Potentials of Scanning Microscopy

1968 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 352-353
Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe
Keyword(s):  
Salient Feature ◽  
Secondary Emission ◽  
Resolving Power ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Scanning Microscope ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
Additional Tool ◽  
Detection Systems ◽  
Conventional Microscope ◽  
Present Information

If the resolving power of a scanning electron microscope can be improved until it is comparable to that of a conventional microscope, it would serve as a valuable additional tool in many investigations.The salient feature of scanning microscopes is that the image-forming process takes place before the electrons strike the specimen. This means that several different detection systems can be employed in order to present information about the specimen. In our own particular work we have concentrated on the use of energy loss information in the beam which is transmitted through the specimen, but there are also numerous other possibilities (such as secondary emission, generation of X-rays, and cathode luminescence).Another difference between the pictures one would obtain from the scanning microscope and those obtained from a conventional microscope is that the diffraction phenomena are totally different. The only diffraction phenomena which would be seen in the scanning microscope are those which exist in the beam itself, and not those produced by the specimen.

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