scholarly journals From the Communism of Capital to Capital for the Commons: Towards an Open Co-operativism

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-361
Author(s):  
Michel Bauwens ◽  
Vasilis Kostakis
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Start Ups

Two prominent social progressive movements are faced with a few contradictions and a paradox. On the one side, we have a re-emergence of the co-operative movement and worker-owned enterprises which suffer from certain structural weaknesses. On the other, we have an emergent field of open and Commons-oriented peer production initiatives which create common pools of knowledge for the whole of humanity, but are dominated by start-ups and large multinational enterprises using the same Commons. Thus we have a paradox: the more communist the sharing license used in the peer production of free software or open hardware, the more capitalist the practice. To tackle this paradox and the aforementioned contradictions, we tentatively suggest a new convergence that would combine both Commons-oriented open peer production models with common ownership and governance models, such as those of the co-operatives and the solidarity economic models.

scholarly journals FROM THE COMMUNISM OF CAPITAL TO CAPITAL FOR THE COMMONS: TOWARDS AN OPEN CO-OPERATIVISM

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-65
Author(s):  
Michel Bauwens ◽  
Vasilis Kostakis
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Start Ups

 Two prominent social progressive movements are faced with a few contradictions and a paradox. On the one side, we have a re-emergence of the co-operative movement and worker-owned enterprises which suffer from certain structural weaknesses. On the other, we have an emergent field of open and Commons-oriented peer production initiatives which create common pools of knowledge for the whole of humanity, but are dominated by start-ups and large multinational enterprises using the same Commons. Thus we have a paradox: the more communist the sharing license used in the peer production of free software or open hardware, the more capitalist the practice. To tackle this paradox and the aforementioned contradictions, we tentatively suggest a new convergence that would combine both Commons-oriented open peer production models with common ownership and governance models, such as those of the co-operatives and the solidarity economic models.DO COMUNISMO DE CAPITAL AO CAPITAL PARA OS COMUNS: PARA UM COOPERATIVISMO ABERTO  Resumo                                                                                                                          Dois importantes movimentos sociais progressistas enfrentam algumas poucas contradições e um paradoxo. Por um lado, temos a reemergência do movimento cooperativo e empresas pertencentes a trabalhadores que sofrem de certas vulnerabilidades estruturais. Por outro lado, temos uma área de atuação que emerge de iniciativas abertas e orientadas por um processo colaborativo (peer production) de trabalhadores designados Comuns que criam redes comuns de conhecimento para toda a humanidade, mas são dominadas por startups e grandes empresas multinacionais que usam os mesmos Comuns. Assim temos um paradoxo: quanto mais comunista o compartilhamento sob a mesma licença usado no processo colaborativo (peer production) de software livre ou hardware aberto, mais capitalista é a prática. Para enfrentar tal paradoxo e as contradições já mencionadas, como tentativa sugerimos uma nova convergência que combinaria tanto os modelos orientados aos Comuns e abertos de colaboração peer production de posse comum, quanto modelos de governança, tais quais aqueles das cooperativas e os modelos econômicos baseados na solidariedade.

scholarly journals From the Communism of Capital to Capital for the Commons: Towards an Open Co-operativism

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 356-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bauwens ◽  
Vasilis Kostakis
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Free Software ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Open Hardware ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Common Ownership ◽  
The Commons ◽  
Governance Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Start Ups

Two prominent social progressive movements are faced with a few contradictions and a paradox. On the one side, we have a re-emergence of the co-operative movement and worker-owned enterprises which suffer from certain structural weaknesses. On the other, we have an emergent field of open and Commons-oriented peer production initiatives which create common pools of knowledge for the whole of humanity, but are dominated by start-ups and large multinational enterprises using the same Commons. Thus we have a paradox: the more communist the sharing license used in the peer production of free software or open hardware, the more capitalist the practice. To tackle this paradox and the aforementioned contradictions, we tentatively suggest a new convergence that would combine both Commons-oriented open peer production models with common ownership and governance models, such as those of the co-operatives and the solidarity economic models.

scholarly journals Academic Publishing and its Digital Binds: Beyond the Paywall towards Ethical Executions of Code

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Swist ◽  
Liam Magee
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Academic Publishing ◽  
The Political ◽  
Profit Motive ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Corporate Sector ◽  
Digital Platforms ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The One ◽  
Opening Up

In this article we explore various constraints and potentials of academic publishing in the digital age. Advancement of digital platforms and their expansive reach amplify the underlying tensions of institutional and scholarly change. A key affordance of these platforms is that of speed: rapidly distributing the outputs of a precaritised profession and responding to pressures to publish as well as the profit motive of publishers. On the one hand, these systems make possible alternative modes of contributory content and peer-production for supporting the commons. On the other, they turn all too readily into privatising devices for contracting labour and profit in the corporate sector and, within the academy, for accentuating subtle power effects. Drawing upon platform studies and integrating insights from political philosophy and property law, our article seeks to problematise neat binaries of possession and dispossession associated with the sector. We examine in particular how co-existing and emergent socio-technical circuits—what we term digital binds—modulate the political economy of academic publishing on a number of scales. These entangled binds constrain but also indicate mechanisms for opening up new possibilities. We introduce three ethical executions of code towards this end: dissuading, detouring, and disrupting. Together, these mechanisms show how mutually beneficial boundaries can be drawn for designing otherwise: by blocking dominant systems and bargaining for fairer practices; exploring sanctioned and unsanctioned systems which offer more diverse publishing pathways; and, disrupting systemic processes and profits towards more inclusive and equitable conditions.

Cultural Management for Multinational Enterprises

2017 ◽  
pp. 1731-1763
Author(s):  
Christian Zuber ◽  
Hans-Christian Pfohl
Keyword(s):  
Social Environment ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
The Other ◽  
Foreign Subsidiaries ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Environmental Requirements ◽  
The One ◽  
Operational Processes

Due to the dynamics in international business, it has become increasingly complex for the Multinational Enterprise (MNE) to find a balance between worldwide standardisation of operational processes and the usage of local advantages. The foreign subsidiary's managers and employees are stuck in the middle of environmental requirements, defined by the parent company on the one hand and the local social environment on the other hand. To ensure organizational efficiency in foreign subsidiaries, the rising conflict between corporate and country cultural characteristics can be solved through active cultural management. This chapter describes fundamentals of culture on corporate and country level and deduces a framework for cultural management. Furthermore, strategies are presented to close the gap between a subsidiary's external requirements and the internal implementation.

The Rise of Bpifrance

2021 ◽  
pp. 172-198
Author(s):  
Matthias Thiemann ◽  
Peter Volberding
Keyword(s):  
World War Ii ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
French Economy ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Synergy Effects ◽  
One Stop ◽  
Business Line ◽  
The One ◽  
Start Ups

Founded in 2013 as a unification of dispersed elements of development banking activities in France, Bpifrance has been one of the most active proponents of the new techniques of development financing, such as venture capital and fund of funds investments. Bringing together these new techniques of direct equity investment with more traditional forms of loan and guarantee business, Bpifrance provides a one-stop shop model for the promotion of SMEs and start-ups in France, including the human capital formation of entrepreneurs. This, we argue, represents a reconfigured mode of dirigiste intervention in the French economy. Placing Bpifrance both in the context of the European field of development banking, as well as the historical context of state dirigisme post World War II, this chapter explores both the dangers and merits of such a new dirigiste model, which on the one hand through its synergy effects of different business line provides the state with an efficient tool to foster innovation and entrepreneurship, but at the same time is fragile, as it is potentially subject to overburdening political demands for intervention, demands which in the long run might threaten its financial viability.

scholarly journals FUNDING FROM THE CROWD: AN INTERNET-BASED CROWDFUNDING PLATFORM TO SUPPORT BUSINESS SET-UPS FROM UNIVERSITIES

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (03) ◽  
pp. 1340007 ◽  
Author(s):  
ENRICO WIECK ◽  
ULRICH BRETSCHNEIDER ◽  
JAN MARCO LEIMEISTER
Keyword(s):  
Investment Decisions ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Research Setting ◽  
Research Project ◽  
First Results ◽  
Funding Programs ◽  
Idea Evaluation ◽  
The One ◽  
The University ◽  
Start Ups

This research-in-progress paper presents a research project that aims at developing, piloting and evaluating a crowdfunding platform to support financing for start-ups emerging from university. Currently, universities' own financial resources to support setting up businesses from universities are limited. Universities' business foundation consultancy can often only intermediate between entrepreneurs on the one side and restricted funding programs or few investors on the other side. A crowdfunding platform enables many individuals of the (university) crowd to support promising business ideas with little investments cumulating to a greater sum in total. Thus, it has the potential to extend universities' opportunities to support entrepreneurs. In addition, tasks like idea communication, idea evaluation and investment decisions can be outsourced to the crowd. The idea, research setting, first results and a future outlook of this research project are discussed in this paper.

The Irish Church and the Reform Ministries

1964 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary D. Condon
Keyword(s):  
Point Of View ◽  
Foreign Affairs ◽  
Whig Party ◽  
Reformed Church ◽  
Lower House ◽  
House Of Lords ◽  
Church Of Ireland ◽  
Parliamentary Reform ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The One

The Whig ministries of 1830-34 were faced with problems in regard to foreign affairs and parliamentary reform that were almost certain to reveal differences of philosophy within the Cabinets, yet it was on the Irish issues, more particularly that of the Episcopal Reformed Church of Ireland, that the ministries divided and broke. It is generally known that questions concerning the revenues of the Irish Church drove Stanley, the future Conservative Prime Minister, out of the Whig Party, enabled the House of Lords to rally after the Reform Bill and block measures passed by the Commons, and gave William IV an opportunity to dismiss a ministry which still retained the confidence of the lower house and replace it by a Government of his own choice. There is less knowledge, however, of the specific issues behind these events, and of the peculiarities of the Irish Church which hampered an easy solution of its problems. A study of both will serve to illuminate the conflict of parties and of personalities in the first five years of the reform age.From the utilitarian point of view, the temporalities of the Church were absurdly large. Containing only 852,064 members — less than there were in the see of Durham alone — it had a total of twenty-two bishops, including four archbishops. Many holders of benefices had no religious duties, nor, indeed, even a church in which to perform the one service required by their appointment; where parish duties were necessary, they were frequently discharged by a curate who received only a small fraction of the income of the incumbent.

The ecosystem of commons-based peer production and its transformative dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 302-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel Bauwens ◽  
Alekos Pantazis
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Social Dynamics ◽  
Profit Maximization ◽  
Peer To Peer ◽  
Peer Production ◽  
Mutual Dependence ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Peer Dynamics ◽  
Social Creativity

This essay discusses peer-to-peer social dynamics and the relevant technological infrastructures that enable new modes of production. Commons-based peer production is presented as an alternative to the profit-driven peer-to-peer production models of the digital economy. The latter models utilize the peer-to-peer dynamics to harness social creativity, collaboration and information sharing. The created value is then captured and valorized towards profit maximization. This essay argues that there are possibilities for moving away from such extractive models to more generative ones. Commons-based peer production seems to encapsulate both social and environmental sustainability, and thus has the potential to influence such a transition. As commons-based peer production cannot yet reproduce itself outside of a mutual dependence on capitalism, it risks being subordinated. To counter this, a commons-oriented solid and protective ecosystem is needed to fully unleash the creative capabilities of commons-based peer production.

County Politics and a Puritan Cause Célèbre: Somerset Churchales, 1633(The Alexander Prize Essay)

1959 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 103-122
Author(s):  
Thomas G. Barnes
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Religious Issues ◽  
Religious Issue ◽  
The Commons ◽  
The One ◽  
Personal Rule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Church ◽  
Prize Essay

The origins of that strange amalgam of constitutional and religious issues which provoked England's civil war have not yet been fathomed. The painstaking researches of the historians of parliament have established that from early in Elizabeth's reign, the Commons assumed an increasingly Puritan complexion; from the 1621 Parliament until the last stormy session before the Personal Rule, the constitutional crisis came forward to meet and merge with the religious in the first of the three stirring resolutions voted by an expiring Commons in defiance of Mr. Speaker. Yet, the identification of sacred concerns with secular by the few hundred who sat in St. Stephen's was not the norm for the greater England beyond Westminster. Parliament had moved further and faster in the 1620's than had the country, the constitutional questions alone having been bruited about the countryside. The religious issue—the growing divergence in faith and practice within the Church—had not been generally perceived by a nation largely unaware of Laud and his adherents on the one hand and the ‘Preciser sort’ of Puritans on the other. During the Personal Rule, however, the religious issue became a matter of common knowledge, concern, rumour, and controversy. Under the impact of Laudianism, Puritanism grew more extremist. The inexorable destruction of the Elizabethan settlement, ground between an ever more rigid orthodoxy and an increasingly radical heterodoxy, forced the countryman to choose sides in matters religious. Once the identification of religious heterodoxy with political opposition was accomplished, the necessary ingredients for civil war were mixed, awaiting only the loosening of royal and episcopal authority in the Long Parliament in order to work their destructive ends.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document